Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献

{"title":"Ethnobotanical diversity, phytochemical screening and biological evaluation of selected medicinal mushrooms species","authors":"Syed Adil Hayat ,&nbsp;Tabassum Yaseen ,&nbsp;Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi ,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal ,&nbsp;Shumaila Ijaz ,&nbsp;Salma Noreen ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohany ,&nbsp;Salim S. Al-Rejaie ,&nbsp;Saltanat Aghayeva ,&nbsp;Rashid Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study was aimed to investigate the ethno-pharmacology, diversity, biological potentials of different mushrooms species from District Swabi, Pakistan. Ethno-pharmacological data was collected from 73 respondents based on interview, group discussion and field visits. Quantitative analysis such as informant consent factor (ICF), Use value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were done. Morphological identification of mushrooms, extract preparation, phytochemical screening and statistical analysis of data was conducted. Phytochemical analysis of six mushroom species revealed that saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols were present in six selected mushrooms, while tannin and steroids (−) present in <em>Agaricus arvensis</em>. In <em>Morchella conica</em> only steroids (−) was absent, Qunion (−) in <em>Polyporus tuberaster</em>, <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and O<em>mphalotus olearius</em> were found absent. Moisture contents (10.17 ± 1.27) and crude fats (5.26 ± 1.50) present in O<em>mphalotus olearius</em>. Highest content of crude fibers (26.57 ± 0.86) and carbohydrates (62.18 ± 0.73) were found in <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>. Highest ash contents (12.62 ± 0.46) were reported in <em>Polyporus tuberaster</em>. The respondents’ consensus factor values ranged from 1.66 to 61.74 in which highest ICF value was 61.74 while the lowest was 1.66. The high RFC was recorded for<!--> <em>Agaricus</em> (0.67) while lowest RFC was observed in <em>Clitocybe frondasa</em> (0.05). The results of analgesic activity were compared to the diclofenac (Standard drug). The extracts of aqueous and methanolic extract were most active at the level of (400 mg/kg). As antipyretic agents, methanolic and aqueous extracts of <em>Agaricus</em> species were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity compare to diclofenac (Standard drug) where the aqueous (200 mg/kg) and methanolic (400 mg/kg) were found to be very active. Finally, mushrooms with high (ICF and UV) were further investigated for phytochemicals and pharmacological analysis which revealed significant biological potentials. This provides basic ground information which can be used to explore novel mushroom-based medicines for the treatment of various diseases. The commercial cultivation of mushrooms represents a promising opportunity to leverage their diverse health benefits and nutritional properties. By prioritizing research and cultivation methods while educating the public, the potential of mushrooms as vital components of both nutrition and medicine can be significantly realized, impacting health outcomes and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 103428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003409/pdfft?md5=9be2c175ea75e7a20bb03fd66937ac5e&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring various extracts and compounds of Grewia velutina as potential anticancer agents: An in vitro and in silico investigations","authors":"Merajuddin Khan ,&nbsp;Tanmoy Dutta ,&nbsp;Mujeeb Khan ,&nbsp;Khaleel Al-hamoud ,&nbsp;Shams Tabrez Khan ,&nbsp;Mahmood M.S. Abdullah ,&nbsp;Hamad Z. Alkhathlan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the potential anticancer properties and chemical constituents of an unexplored plant (<em>Grewia velutina</em>) extracts. Three distinct extracts of hexane (GVH), chloroform (GVC) and methanol(GVM) of the plant were used to check their anticancer activity against four prominent cancer cell lines (HepG2, DU145, Hela, A549), and the results were compared with the standard chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Anticancer assays revealed that the GVC extract exhibited highest activity than others, with IC50 values of 61.06 µg/mL, 47.87 µg/mL, 88.76 µg/mL, and 87.99 µg/mL against HepG2, DU145, Hela, and A549 cell lines, respectively and reflected a comparable activity to doxorubicin, highlighting its potential as an effective anticancer agent. With the help of chemical profiling data, molecular docking studies were performed and this study suggested that ionol, present in GVC extract is the most active compound against all the cancerous cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003392/pdfft?md5=3cacf97e4f3ebd25f18a0f2fc4c12c4d&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003392-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in vitro and in silico antidiabetic approach of GC–MS detected friedelin of Bridelia retusa","authors":"Somendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Motiram Sahu ,&nbsp;Neha Shree Maurya ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mani ,&nbsp;Chandramohan Govindasamy ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Bridelia retusa</em> is a medicinal plant widely used to treat diabetes by ethnic populations worldwide, has been subjected to GC–MS-based profiling for the bark and fruit and identified 96 phytochemicals using ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The DPPH antioxidant assay recorded that methanolic fruit extract had a maximum antioxidant activity of 83.01 % (IC_50-103.03 µg/ml). The α-amylase inhibition activity was found maximum in ethyl acetate bark extract with 76.34 % (127.37 µg/ml), while methanolic fruit extract exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity with 86.18 % (106.15 µg/ml). Subsequently, we have compared the antidiabetic potential for 3 pharmacologically significant bioactive constituents friedelin, imidazole &amp; sylvestrene through docking and drug likeliness study and found friedelin has a maximum binding affinity with different protein targets followed by sylvestrene and is most suitable candidate for drug development for hyperglycemia. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed friedelin as the most stable binder to anti-diabetic target proteins, with notable structural insights provided by RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and PCA analyses. MM-PBSA calculations emphasized the significance of various energies with the α-amylase-Friedelin complex exhibiting the highest binding energy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003239/pdfft?md5=6472e735b40cd0ea98aab386ecc44e9c&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003239-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigate the utilization of novel natural photosensitizers for the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)","authors":"Achmad Nasyori ,&nbsp;Iswadi I. Patunrengi ,&nbsp;Fatimah Arofiati Noor","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer a promising route for sustainable energy conversion, with natural photosensitizers emerging as attractive alternatives to conventional synthetic dyes due to their abundant resources, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly materials. However, the efficiency of DSSC utilizing natural photosensitizer remains low. In this study, we investigate the utilization of novel natural photosensitizers extracted from gambier leaves, gambier branches, cinnamon, and petiole of tectona leaves, which contain flavonoids/tannins, chlorophyll, and anthocyanins, aiming to achieve high-performance DSSCs. Five different solvents—ethanol, isopropanol, distilled water, methanol, and Zamzam water—are explored to optimize the extraction process of the natural dyes. The doctor blade technique is employed to coat TiO₂ nanomaterials onto ITO glass substrates. UV–Vis spectrophotometry and FTIR spectroscopy are used to characterize the optical properties and structural composition of the dyes, revealing that flavonoid/tannin groups are the primary compounds responsible for light harvesting. The DSSC performance is evaluated under a 30 W lamp, adjusted to light intensity of 10 mW/cm². As a result, the DSSCs using gambier leaf extract as photosensitizer demonstrate the highest recorded efficiency of 4.71 %, with a Jsc of 2.95 mAcm⁻² and a Voc of 0.64 V. These findings contribute to advancing DSSC technology by leveraging the potential of natural photosensitizers for sustainable energy conversion applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 103423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003355/pdfft?md5=4e99acce24b70fe4a99797f224f57aee&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High performance Sm substituted Ni-Zn catalysts for green hydrogen generation via Photo/Electro catalytic water splitting processes","authors":"Rohit Jasrotia ,&nbsp;Chan Choon Kit ,&nbsp;Mohd Fazil ,&nbsp;Jahangeer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tokeer Ahmad ,&nbsp;Norah Alhokbany ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpaa ,&nbsp;Natrayan Lakshmaiya ,&nbsp;Vaseem Raja","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, samarium doped Ni-Zn catalysts with a composition of Ni_0.9Zn_0.1Sm_yFe_2-yO₄ (y = 0–0.03) are made by inorganic sol–gel auto-combustion (SC) route. These Ni-Zn materials depict the forming of typical cubic crystal structure (Fd3m) and it is affirmed by the X-ray diffraction plots. The existence of cubic, spherical, and aggregated shaped grains with an average grain size that falls in between the range of 188 to 316 nm are confirmed from the FESEM images of prepared materials. According to the photo catalytic water splitting research findings, the total hydrogen yield for the Ni-Zn1, Ni-Zn2, Ni-Zn3, and Ni-Zn4 catalysts after four hours are 16.17, 15.02, 23.47 and 24.99 mmol <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. Among all the compositions, the Ni-Zn4 photocatalyst exhibits the maximum photocatalytic performance of 24.99 mmol <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. However, the Ni-Zn4 sample also shows the high electro catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. With their outstanding photo/electro performance, the synthesized Sm-doped Ni-Zn nanoferrites shows great promise as potential candidates for the green hydrogen generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 103426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003380/pdfft?md5=19e7f566cedf2bf3b9dcdfe265c47151&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003380-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative bioinformatics analysis of transcriptomic data from CD8+ T cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Premanand Adaikalasamy ,&nbsp;Shruti Kumari ,&nbsp;Sona Elizabeth Jacob ,&nbsp;Sudhriti Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Reena Rajkumari Baskaran ,&nbsp;Shobana Sampath ,&nbsp;Sandhanasamy Devanesan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by extensive inflammation that affects nearly all organ systems in the body. It is primarily mediated by auto-antibodies and immune complexes, and it predominantly affects women more than men. This study employs an in-silico approach to identify key genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To identify key genes potentially involved in SLE pathogenesis using in-silico approach.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>High-throughput sequencing dataset GSE97264, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which contains RNA transcriptome data from CD8⁺ T-cells of 18 SLE patients and 14 healthy controls was utilized for the analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Bioconductor DESeq2 package in R platform. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the ToppGene suite. Motif analysis of the genes’ promoter regions was conducted using HOMER software. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and Reactome functional interaction (FI) networks were created using Cytoscape plugins StringApp and ReactomeFIViz, and analysed to identify hub genes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our analysis identified 931 DEGs, with 577 upregulated and 354 downregulated. GO and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that upregulated genes were associated with immune responses, including cytokine production and receptor activation. Motif analysis identified key regulatory motifs linked to immune regulation in upregulated genes and T-cell activation in downregulated genes. PPI and FI networks analyses revealed 29 cell cycle-associated hub genes, with 10 genes—CDK1, TPX2, BIRC5, CCNA2, BUB1, BUB1B, AURKA, KIF2C, PLK1, and CDCA8—common to both biological networks, suggesting their crucial role in SLE pathogenesis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study suggests that dysregulation of the identified 10 genes may impact immune responses and contribute to the autoimmune-like conditions observed in SLE. Several of these genes are also implicated in other autoimmune diseases, highlighting their potential as SLE biomarkers. Despite their known roles in other immune-related diseases involving CD8⁺ T cells, their direct association with SLE had not been previously established. This novel finding underscores the potential of these genes as therapeutic targets and may contribute to the development of diagnostic tools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 103417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101836472400329X/pdfft?md5=efc2042fc2b20c56e49dbf6caaddffa3&pid=1-s2.0-S101836472400329X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening levels spatial interpolation of lifetime carcinogenic risk by organochlorine pesticides across catchments of river chenab","authors":"Taiba Tariq ,&nbsp;Adeel Mahmood ,&nbsp;Muzafar Majid ,&nbsp;Rabia Nazir ,&nbsp;Abdallah M. Elgorban ,&nbsp;Islem Abid ,&nbsp;Rizwan Ullah ,&nbsp;Lalita Ambigai Sivasamugham","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study has employed an advanced GIS based statistical technique for spatial interpolation of lifetime carcinogenic risk to OCPs in water and sediments from tributaries of River Chenab. The findings revealed that among all detected isomers, DDT exhibited the highest concentrations (mean 14.41 ng/l: range 9.33 – 20.21 ng/l and mean 16.47 ng/l: range 10.55 – 21.24 ng/g) for water and sediment, respectively. Results of OCPs fingerprints revealed the presence of dicofol confirmed fresh input of OCPs isomers along with the DDTs (Dichloro-diphenyl trichloroethane) historical usages in water bodies. The evaluation of ecological risk to benthic organisms’ fish, daphnia and green algae (RQ 2 × 10²) indicated that DDTs (DDD, DDE) pose potential hazardous risks (&gt;1) to fish species across all the studied sites. Moreover, Spatial interpolation of the lifetime carcinogenic risk denoted the sites along downstream zone surpassed the permissible limit. The non-carcinogenic risk (∑HQ) ranged from 2 × 10^-3 – 1.0 with the highest value for DDT, indicating DDT as a potential hazard through oral exposure (∑HQ≥1). In the case of sediments results of SQGQs (Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient) levels for DDE (Dichloro-diphenyldichloromethane) and DDD (Dichloro-diphenyl dichloroethylene) denoted a severe biological risk to ecological integrities. The findings comprehend the more inclusive monitoring of OCPs usage and distribution in the studied region to reduce risks ecological integrities and to promote good health and wellbeing’s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003343/pdfft?md5=daa1bc90820048ea13219cb7c8fc6a1e&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003343-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centaurea iberica trevir. Ex spreng. Phytochemical content and evaluation of cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal and anti-inflammatory potentials","authors":"Haleema Bibi ,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal ,&nbsp;Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi ,&nbsp;Sobia Kanwal ,&nbsp;Mahboobeh Mahmoodi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Raish ,&nbsp;Tariq Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their tremendous therapeutic ability to treat a wide range of illnesses, medicinal plants are employed as a rich source and nutraceuticals practically in all civilizations. The goal of the current study was to evaluate phytochemistry and biological potentials of medicinal plant <em>Centaurea iberica</em> as previously no research work has been reported. To prepare plant extracts, five different solvents, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform were used. Total phenolic content of the investigated plant was recorded highest in the methanolic extract ranges from 91 ± 1.2 mg/g, total flavonoid content recorded 24 ± 1.1 mg/g. Moreover, maximum LC₅₀ value (9.95 µg/mL) was recorded for methanolic extract using cytotoxicity assay. Radish seed germination phytotoxicity assay indicated the highest phytotoxic potential in n-hexane (55 % seed inhibition) extract of <em>C. iberica</em>. However, in anti-inflammatory assay less than 50 % inhibition was observed for methanolic extract and plant was found to be inactive against larvicidal activity. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that more <em>in vitro</em> and in vivo research activities be done in the future, as well as chemical characterization to identify various compounds that may be utilized to treat various illnesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activities of novel 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives and their toxicity on certain pests infesting field crops in laboratory conditions","authors":"Ahmed Abdou O. Abeed ,&nbsp;Emad A. El Shamy ,&nbsp;Sahar I.A. Abd El-Wahed ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohany ,&nbsp;Marija Milošević ,&nbsp;Salim S. Al-Rejaie ,&nbsp;Hesham A.M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Abd El-Salam A. Farag","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A variety of highly potent derivatives of 2-pyrazoline-5-one, including chromene-3-carbohydrazide <strong>2</strong>, 2-thioxothiazole-5-carbohydrazide <strong>3</strong>, 2-oxopyridine-3-carbonitriles (<strong>4</strong>–<strong>6</strong>), 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylohydrazide (<strong>7, 8</strong>), and 3-amino-5-arylpyrazole-4-carbohydrazide (<strong>9, 10</strong>), were synthesized as pesticide agents using acetohydrazide <strong>1</strong>, a versatile and easily obtainable compound. The compounds structures were entirely ascertained utilizing different spectroscopic methods, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and analysis of elements. In the laboratory, we assessed the impact of nine 2-pyrazoline-5-one derivatives on the fourth larval stage of the cotton leaf worm (<em>Spodoptera littorals</em>), <em>Monacha obstructa</em>, and <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> adults. We used abamectin as the reference compound. The LC₅₀ values of compound <strong>3</strong> for <em>S. littorals, M. obstructa</em>, and <em>T. urticae</em> are 0.90, 0.70, and 0.52 mg a.i./L, respectively. The LC₅₀ values for the same compound for <em>S. littorals</em>, <em>M. obstructa</em>, and <em>T. urticae</em> are 0.80, 0.60, and 0.45 mg a.i./L, respectively. Therefore, it is a remarkably potent compound. Compound <strong>6</strong> exhibited lower levels of danger, as indicated by LC₅₀ values of 1.94, 1.90, and 1.83 mg a.i./L against the three tested pests. Ten days after treatment, all three pests were moderately toxic to the remaining 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives, <strong>1, 2, 4, 5</strong>, and <strong>7</strong>–<strong>10</strong>. Conversely, the mortality rate of the tested compounds increased when the treated individuals were exposed to high concentrations. These 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives are suggested as suitable alternatives and foundational structures for developing novel insecticides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 103416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003288/pdfft?md5=fde288bbd03a37ed9b5100283ff99145&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003288-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the influence of planting time and fertilization on growth, flowering, yield and soil properties of chrysanthemum","authors":"Sabhya Pathania ,&nbsp;Sita Ram Dhiman ,&nbsp;Bharati Kashyap ,&nbsp;Anshul Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kaushal ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Jawaher Alkahtani ,&nbsp;Bandar M. AlMunqedhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To identify optimal planting time for maximizing growth and flowering, and assess the impacts of various fertilization techniques on plant growth and soil health in chrysanthemum.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The investigation was conducted at Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry in Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India from 2022 to 2023. The study aimed to investigate the impact of various planting times and fertilization schedules on the yield, quality, and soil health characteristics of chrysanthemum. Different planting times from 15 June to 30 August under organic and inorganic fertilization regimes were evaluated. Data related to vegetative growth, flowering, soil chemical and biological properties were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Planting<!--> <!-->on<!--> <!-->15 June along with inorganic fertilization resulted in improved vegetative characters like plant height (74.37 cm) and plant spread (30.56 cm), flowering characters like cut flower stem length (64.07 cm), stem strength (10.40°), flower diameter (11.80 cm) and duration of flowering (22.50 days) and soil chemical properties like available N, P, K (326.53, 40.36 and 359.48 kg/ha, respectively). However, planting on June 15 combined with organic fertilization led to enhancement in soil microbiological properties, including bacterial count (138.33 cfu/g soil), fungal count (31.75 cfu/g soil), actinomycetes count (62.46 cfu/g soil), microbial biomass (52.62 µg/g soil) as well as vase life (19.70 days).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the present study, it was found that planting time and fertilization significantly impacted chrysanthemum growth, yield and soil properties. The 15 June planting with inorganic fertilization boosted growth, yield and macronutrient content, while organic fertilization on the same date enhanced soil microflora. Flowering was influenced by planting time and organic fertilization showed promise as an alternative to chemical fertilization. Optimizing planting schedules and using organic fertilizers would lead to sustainability and offer economically viable alternatives to conventional crop management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 103418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003306/pdfft?md5=cd43f7d436d410e73f26997319c3ceb8&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}