Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water and methanol extracts of Hibiscus flower","authors":"Hesham Hussein Rassem ,&nbsp;Mohd Hairul Bin Khamidun ,&nbsp;Umi Fazara Md Ali ,&nbsp;Tony Hadibarata ,&nbsp;Nabeel Abdullah Alrabie","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Hibiscus flower extracts, highlighting their potential for future applications in functional foods. The research addressed key challenges by employing a multi-faceted approach, including four distinct methods for evaluating antioxidant potential: DPPH and FRAP assays, reducing power, and chelating ability of Fe ions. Total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while tannins and flavonoids were assessed via vanillin–HCl and aluminum chloride assays. Additional analyses included spectrophotometric measurement of total flavonols and anthocyanins. Antibacterial activity was determined using a modified agar disk diffusion method, with results indicating significant inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus by both aqueous and methanolic extracts. Colorimetric analysis revealed a reduction in chroma and hue angles, while FTIR spectroscopy identified key functional groups, such as suberin, lipids, and polysaccharides. Notably, the antioxidant efficacy varied depending on the solvent used, with aqueous extracts showing higher total phenolic content (4325.12 mg GAE/100 g) compared to methanolic extracts (3487.05 mg GAE/100 g). The study concludes that Hibiscus flower extracts, rich in antioxidants like tannins and anthocyanins, possess significant potential for use as natural preservatives and colorants in food products, supporting their role in developing novel functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical study of Ambaji − Sendra granitoids and mafic dykes from the South Delhi fold belt, NW Indian shield: Implications for magma generation, emplacement and geodynamic evolution","authors":"Saima Rahman ,&nbsp;M. Shamim Khan ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Fnais ,&nbsp;Tavheed Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive account of geochemical data on the granitoids of Ambaji-Sendra Terrain and associated mafic dykes. These granitoids, interpreted as S–type, I-type and A-type, lack a consensual interpretation probably due to the study of only those rocks which are exposed in Sendra region. We identified that these granitoids are A-type (A2- subtype) granites. There are two petrogenetic groups of the granitoids having exclusive crustal and crust-mantle interactive origins which are supported by their mineralogy and structure. The associated dykes also display two distinct geochemical groups one with within-plate character and other with typical arc signatures. Whole body of evidence suggests that magma for the granitoids and dykes was generated during the closure of Delhi Ocean. The simultaneous emplacement of granitoids started during subduction process and culminated after the collision or/ accretion of Delhi arc with eastern crustal block, consequent to the Rodinian assembly mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the new edge filters of aeromagnetic data to detect the subsurface structural elements controlling the mineralization in the Barramiya area, Eastern Desert of Egypt","authors":"Mohamed Abdelrady ,&nbsp;Luan Thanh Pham ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohamed ,&nbsp;Saad S. Alarifi ,&nbsp;Van Hao Duong ,&nbsp;Musaab A.A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Barramiya region holds significant importance within the Mubarak-Hamash block because of its substantial gold mining activities. The primary aim of this research is to locate the structural framework of Barramiya, a subject that has not been previously investigated. This will have an impact on the mineralization in the area. To address this issue, we have employed various analytical techniques, namely the theta (TM), tilt angle of the gradient amplitude (TAHG), second normalized gradient amplitude (STDX), gradient amplitude of NTilt (THGNTilt), logistic function of the gradient amplitude (LTHG), and gradient amplitude-based edge detection (THGED). These techniques have been applied to aeromagnetic data with the purpose of delineating the structural features of the studied region. The depth of structures in the area has also been determined through the utilization of the tilt angle-based approach. The majority of magnetic sources in the region exhibit a depth that is less than 500 m. The findings obtained in this study indicate that the edge detection filters utilized in this research can simultaneously detect the boundaries of buried geological bodies with different depths. The findings additionally indicate that the N-S, NE-SW, and NW-SE directions have significant influence and control on mineralization in the Barramiya region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of PS and PES and their sulfonated forms in antifouling behavior and rejection efficiency","authors":"Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, novel hybrid ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were developed using polyethersulfone (PES), polysulfone (PS), and their sulfonated counterparts (SPES and SPS) to enhance water flux and antifouling properties. FTIR and XRD analyses validated the successful incorporation of sulfonate groups and structural changes, while SEM images revealed more porous and uniform membrane structures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed enhanced thermal stability for the sulfonated membranes. Mechanical property evaluations demonstrated that the sulfonated membranes maintained good tensile strength and flexibility. Water uptake and porosity measurements indicated increased hydrophilicity and porosity for SPES and SPS membranes compared to their pristine forms. The pure water flux of SPES (130 L/m²·h) is significantly higher compared to PES (110 L/m²·h). The sulfonated membranes (SPS and SPES) exhibit significantly enhanced antifouling properties, as demonstrated by the improved flux recovery ratios (FRR) for SA, BSA, and HA compared to their non-sulfonated counterparts (PS and PES), reaching up to 75 % for SPES. The rejection performance for BSA, HA, and SA solutions showed that SPES membranes achieved 95 %, 90 %, and 92 % rejection rates, respectively, compared to 80 %, 75 %, and 70 % for PS membranes. Fouling resistance tests using BSA, HA, and SA solutions showed that SPES and SPS membranes had significantly higher flux and lower fouling tendencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing structure-property models of three general graphical indices for thermodynamic properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons","authors":"Suha Wazzan ,&nbsp;Sakander Hayat ,&nbsp;Wafi Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103541","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cheminformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of chemistry, computer science, and information technology to process, store, analyze, and interpret chemical data. One area of cheminformatics is quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling which is a computational approach that correlates the structural attributes of chemical compounds with their physical, chemical, or biological properties to predict the behavior and characteristics of new or untested compounds. Structure descriptors deliver contemporary mathematical tools required for QSPR modeling. One of a significant class of such descriptors is graph-based descriptors known as graphical descriptors. A degree-based graphical descriptor/invariant of a &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;υ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-vertex graph &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; has a general structure &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∑&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;j&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;π&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;j&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;π&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is bivariate symmetric map, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is the degree of vertex &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. For &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∖&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;{&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;}&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, if &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;π&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;j&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (resp. &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;π&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;deg&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;j&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, then &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is called","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomedicine for ovarian cancer: Enhancing pharmacokinetics and biodistribution","authors":"Salina Saddick","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian cancer continues to pose a substantial healthcare obstacle, demanding the development of novel strategies to improve therapeutic results. Nanomedicine’s introduction has created novel opportunities for the targeted delivery of drugs in the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review article presents a thorough examination of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles designed to target ovarian cancer, emphasizing their capacity to significantly transform therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we investigate the function of nanoparticles as vehicles for precise pharmaceutical administration, placing particular emphasis on the benefits they offer in comparison to traditional methodologies. We explore the intricacies of biodistribution, including the influence of formulations, surface modifications, and nanoparticle size on their internal distribution. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the importance of pharmacokinetics in the enhancement of drug delivery. This includes a synopsis of critical parameters including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, and their connection to the therapeutic effectiveness of nanoparticle-based approaches for ovarian cancer. A fundamental component of this review is a critical evaluation of the approaches utilized to improve the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles designed to target ovarian cancer. Moreover, we have highlighted significant research studies and clinical trials of the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles and their practical applications. Nevertheless, we refrain from obfuscating over the extant obstacles and constraints, such as possible toxicity issues and impediments to the process of clinical translation. The paper concludes by engaging in a discussion on emerging technologies and future prospects, with a specific emphasis on the potential of personalized medicine in the context of ovarian cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated physiological and transcriptome analyses of the effects of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer on plant growth","authors":"Tong Li ,&nbsp;Xiuzhai Chen ,&nbsp;Shoutao Cao ,&nbsp;Zhongqing Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Tian ,&nbsp;Zhengxu Gao ,&nbsp;Mingming Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Zong ,&nbsp;Dequan Wang ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tobacco is a key component of China’s economy, serving as a major cash crop. With traditional fertilizers reaching their maximum potential in promoting tobacco growth, the exploration of new fertilizers has emerged as a viable solution for advancing experimental sustainable development. Spraying foliar fertilizer is a key measure to improve tobacco yield and quality. This study employed a combination of field and pot experiments to investigate the effects of applying water-soluble amino acid fertilizers on the growth, development, and quality of tobacco. The results of transcriptome analysis and physiological index measurements indicate that the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer can enhance the area of tobacco leaves, promote photosynthesis, and improve the chemical composition of the leaves. This research determined that the optimal concentration for spraying water-soluble amino acid fertilizer is diluted 500 times. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 6,489 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3,843 genes that were up-regulated and 2,646 genes that were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO)<!--> <!-->analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were significantly<!--> <!-->associated<!--> <!-->with<!--> <!-->processes<!--> <!-->including<!--> <!-->cell recognition, photosynthesis,<!--> <!-->thylakoid<!--> <!-->components, calcium ion binding, and carbohydrate binding.<!--> <!-->Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis emphasized that the DEGs were largely found in pathways<!--> <!-->related to<!--> <!-->photosynthesis-antenna proteins, interactions between plants and pathogens, photosynthesis<!--> <!-->itself, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and<!--> <!-->plant hormone signaling. Further research revealed that a significant number of genes involved in the auxin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid signal transduction pathways exhibited varying expression patterns following the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers.<!--> <!-->Additionally, the expression levels of bZIP, MYB, WRKY, bHLH, and AP2/ERF transcription factors exhibited significant variations following the application of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer. These results analyze the mechanisms of action of water-soluble amino acid fertilizers, offering new effective strategies to enhance both the yield and quality of tobacco.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact nano- and micro- form of CdO on barley growth and oxidative stress response","authors":"Kirill Azarin ,&nbsp;Alexander Usatov ,&nbsp;Tatiana Minkina ,&nbsp;Ilya Alliluev ,&nbsp;Nadezhda Duplii ,&nbsp;Saglara Mandzhieva ,&nbsp;Abhishek Singh ,&nbsp;Vishnu D. Rajput ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Marwa A. Fakhr ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Elshikh ,&nbsp;M. Ajmal Ali ,&nbsp;Karen Ghazaryan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was investigated the effects of CdO and nano-CdO as potential toxic pollutants on growth and redox response of barley. CdO and nano-CdO have been found to cause significant phytotoxicity in barley seedlings, with nano-CdO increasing plant tissue cadmium accumulation. This accumulation is linked to growth retardation and oxidative stress. Low molecular weight antioxidants like restored glutathione and ascorbate have been found to increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in green tissues. Catalase (CAT) activity increased from 50 % with 100 mg/l CdO to 70 % with 1000 mg/l and nano-CdO. The observed disturbance in redox balance signals the upregulation of corresponding genes. Antioxidant enzyme isoform gene transcripts increased for <em>SODB, CAT2,</em> and <em>APX</em>. Cadmium buildup in root cells causes oxidative stress, leading to upregulation of SOD, CAT, GR, and GSTs isoform genes as well as protein carbonylation, sulfhydryl group degradation, and MDA accumulation. CdO and nano-CdO have similar phytotoxic effects, but bioavailability affects biochemical and molecular responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidants-induced high levels of nitric oxide impair the antioxidative property of molybdenum nanoparticles in HUVE cells","authors":"Mohd Javed Akhtar ,&nbsp;Maqusood Ahamed ,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar ,&nbsp;Rashid Lateef ,&nbsp;Zabn Alaizeri ,&nbsp;Hisham Alhadlaq ,&nbsp;Pavan Rajanahalli","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been significant interest in the biomedical potential of redox-active molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) due to their varied responses from oxidative to antioxidative. Our knowledge of the bio-response of Mo NPs in endothelial cells is lacking. We, therefore, are prompted to examine the biocompatibility of well-characterized Mo NPs in human endothelial (HUVE) cells and their potential antioxidative response against standard oxidants- <em>tert</em>-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The study found that Mo NPs were highly biocompatible in HUVE cells and enhanced cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), significantly protecting cells against exogenous oxidants. Moreover, Mo NPs significantly restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) determined by the Rh123 probe. They decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as measured by DHE and DCFH-DA probes. In light of Mo involvement in the nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and dependency of HUVE cells on NO signaling, intracellular NO was determined using DAR-2 fluorescent dye and the Griess assay. NO was not produced significantly by Mo NPs alone or t-BHP or H₂O₂. However, NO generation was significantly high when HUVE cells were co-exposed with Mo NPs and exogenous oxidants. Although the exact mechanism is unclear to us, our study concludes that the enhanced generation of NO under the co-exposure of oxidants with Mo NPs can impair the potential antioxidative property of Mo NPs, especially in endothelial cells. The study also suggests that NO modulatory strategies can improve and broaden the antioxidative properties of Mo-based nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the role of exogenously-applied vanillic acid in regulating drought stress tolerance in pea (Pisum sativum L.): Key growth and physio-biochemical attributes","authors":"Abdul Rahman ,&nbsp;Nudrat Aisha Akram ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli ,&nbsp;Parvaiz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impact of exogenously applied vanillic acid (VA) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on pea plants (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.). The pea seeds were primed for 14 h in varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 mM) of VA Then, thirty-five days old pea plants were subjected to control (100 % field capacity) and water deficit conditions (60 % F.C.). After thirty days of water stress treatments, the data showed a notable reduction in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll contents. While, water deficit stress led to an increase in leaf free proline, total phenolics, glycinebetaine (GB), ascorbic acid AsA) as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. We observed that seed priming with various concentrations of vanillic acid resulted in significant enhancement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll contents, proline, total phenolics, GB, AsA and the activities of POD, SOD and CAT enzymes of pea plants. Of varying concentrations of VA, 2.0 and 4.0 mM VA were more effective in improving the plant morphology and physio-biochemical metabolites of pea plants. So the results of the present study suggested that the improvement in growth and different physio-biochemical characteristics can be attributed to the VA-induced upregulation of osmoprotection and oxidative defense system of pea plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}