Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the colon toxicity and carcinogenic role of monosodium glutamate compared with Dimethylhydrazine in male Wistar rats: Exploring the link to childhood colon cancer risk","authors":"Meenakshi Sundari Rajendran ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaraman ,&nbsp;Javed Masood Khan ,&nbsp;Sharmila Jasmine ,&nbsp;RajKumar Prabhakaran ,&nbsp;Manikandan Vani Raju ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Kaniyur Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Rathi Muthaiyan Ahalliya ,&nbsp;Poornima Kannappan ,&nbsp;Chella Perumal Palanisamy ,&nbsp;Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colon cancer is rising among younger population than elder people. About 50% of colon cancer cases attributed to dietary factors. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) widely used taste enhancer prevalent in fast foods and processed items.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study investigated into the potential toxic and carcinogenic role of MSG in male Wistar rats of 1–3 months old and compared the effects with the Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH): by observing survival probability, estimation of serum biochemical parameters, and analysis for colon beta catenin protein expression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Rats were grouped into control, DMH (s.c), low- and high dose MSG (LDMSG, HDMSG) (p.o). Survival rate statistically calculated using Kaplan-Meier plots and Log-rank tests. Biochemical analyses were done using standard protocols and one-way ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Beta catenin protein expressions were studied using immunohistochemistry and western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study emphasizes that high dose MSG consumed male Wistar rats cause high decline in survival rate compared to low dose MSG and DMH. Estimated serum biochemical parameters showed significantly increased oxidative stress, altered liver and kidney function markers, alongside elevated serum sodium, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and inflammatory markers. Observed, colon polyps formed in DMH and MSG rats. Rat’s colon immunohistochemistry study expressed β- catenin whereas Western blotting results confirmed the altered β- catenin and β-catenin phosphorylation ratios in cytosol and nuclear region were elevated in DMH-induced colon cancer (p value of 0.0002), MSG low dose (p value of 0.003) and high dose (p value of 0.01) statistically significant. These findings highlights declined survival probabilities and pronounced oxidative stress markers, organ function changes, disrupted lipid profiles, and increased nuclear β-catenin expression reveals the potential toxic and carcinogenic role of MSG is influencing colon cancer development in male Wistar rat models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the results, the study underscores the potential toxic and carcinogenic role of MSG, particularly at neoplastic stages of colon cancer in male Wistar rat models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid diagnostics for monitoring chronic kidney disease aggravated as a post COVID complication","authors":"Priya Paliwal ,&nbsp;Dignya Desai ,&nbsp;Nemat Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khalid Parvez ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rizwan Alam ,&nbsp;Kyung Jin Seo ,&nbsp;Manali Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, affecting more than 10 % of the global population. In addition, subclinical inflammation associated with COVID-19 infection leads to a progressive decline in kidney function, resulting in chronic kidney disease. Early intervention in candidates with early-stage CKD may delay, or avert, progression to<!--> <!-->end-stage<!--> <!-->complications.<!--> <!-->It is widely accepted that serum Cystatin C is a reliable and early indicator of CKD. Urinary Cystatin C tends to increase with the progression of kidney malfunctioning. Thus, early detection can lower the morbidity and mortality associated with CKD. This study includes the design of a proteotronic platform for the rapid detection of CKD. Here, we have developed a biosensor that is highly specific to<!--> <!-->Cystatin C and shows a negligible response to other urinary biomarkers.<!--> <!-->The sensitivity of<!--> <!-->the biosensor was 50889.6 µA cm⁻² <!-->mg⁻¹ <!-->and the limit of detection<!--> <!--> <!-->for<!--> <!-->Cystatin C<!--> <!-->in the sample<!--> <!-->was calculated<!--> <!-->as 26 ng mL⁻¹. The stability of the biosensor was studied by measuring the change inthe differential pulse voltammetric current at every month of storage at 4 °C. The biosensor was established to be stable for 12 months, with approximately 10 % loss in the preliminary peak current (Ip) value with storage at 4 °C. Thus, the fabricated<!--> <!-->proteotronic<!--> <!-->biosensor exhibited an analytical yet simple approach for point of care diagnostics (POCD) of CKD. The developed POCD is economical and proficient, and will enable CKD management in non-hospitalized patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-based herbal Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) for pre-eclampsia: A histological study on placental and blood changes","authors":"Leo Jumadi Simanjuntak ,&nbsp;Cheryl Grace Pratiwi Rumahorbo","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Phaleria macrocarpa</em>, a medicinal plant native to Indonesia, can potentially manage oxidative stress and inflammation—key factors in pre-eclampsia. This study investigates its efficacy as a complementary therapy for pre-eclampsia.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Sixty Wistar rats (30 male, 30 females; 120–180 g) were housed at Universitas Sumatera Utara. After a two-week acclimatization, confirmed pregnant female rats were divided into six groups: C- (normal), C+ (pre-eclampsia, untreated), C1 (Nifedipine 10 mg/kg BW), T1 (Mahkota Dewa 180 mg/kg BW), T2 (360 mg/kg BW), and T3 (720 mg/kg BW). Treatment groups received daily injections of Prednisone (1.5 mg/kg BW) and 6 % NaCl for 14 days. Pre-eclampsia was confirmed with blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg. Blood samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), VEGF, and sFlt-1. Placental samples were assessed for caspase-3, −8, and −10 expression using immunohistochemistry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nano-herbal formulation significantly reduced oxidative stress (lower MDA, higher SOD), restored angiogenic balance (lower sFlt-1, higher VEGF), and decreased apoptosis markers (caspase-3, −8, −10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nano-herbal Mahkota Dewa shows promise as a therapeutic option for pre-eclampsia. It effectively reduces oxidative stress, improves angiogenic balance, and provides protection against placental apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat generation on MHD Maxwell fluid flow on a stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium along with impact of radiation","authors":"Umadevi Raj ,&nbsp;Prabhakar Sagadevan ,&nbsp;Nazek Alessa","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical problem of understanding Maxwell fluids’ thermal and flow behavior in the occurrence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), radiation, and heat generation over a stretching cylinder, which is of significant importance in various industrial applications such as polymer processing and heat exchangers. The novelty of this work lies in its detailed exploration of the curvature parameter (<em>α_e</em>) and its influence on the flow dynamics, extending beyond the scope of previous literature. The governing equations, incorporating the impacts of MHD, radiation, and heat generation, are derived and subsequently simplified using similarity transformations to convert them into ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically via the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The results are presented through tables and graphical representations to deliver clear insights into the behavior of key non-dimensional parameters. Quantitative findings reveal that the temperature profile of the fluid increases with higher heat generation and radiation, with specific enhancements observed on both flat plates (curvature parameter <em>α_e</em> = 0) and cylindrical surfaces (<em>α_e</em> = 1). Our results are consistent with existing studies, validating the robustness of our numerical approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential of Caralluma edulis a cholistani plant","authors":"Bushra Gillani ,&nbsp;Sarah Tariq ,&nbsp;Mirza Imran Shahzad ,&nbsp;Tatheer Fatima ,&nbsp;Marcello Locatelli ,&nbsp;Xinxia Cai ,&nbsp;Adnan Noor Shah ,&nbsp;Ajaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores <em>C. edulis</em>, a plant indigenous to the Cholistan desert, locally known as Pimpa or Seetu, traditionally consumed as a vegetable. Our research aimed to comprehensively analyze its phytochemical constituents, and evaluate its antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antipyretic potentials. Utilizing a range of extracts including methanol (MtOH), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EA), <em>n</em>-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and aqueous (Aq), for effective extraction of phytochemicals from <em>C. edulis</em>. Standard biochemical assays and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array (HPLC-PDA) were used for analysis of phenolic compounds. Antibacterial effect(s) were confirmed through disc diffusion method and min inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The antioxidant activity was assessed through the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the DPPH radical scavenging method. <em>In vivo</em> antiviral potential was assessed through Hemagglutination (HA) test. Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antipyretic activities were performed on female albino rats using carrageenan, alloxan monohydrate and yeast-induced methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using standard one way ANOVA.Our findings revealed a rich diversity of phenolic compounds and the presence of proteins, alkaloids, and carbohydrates in <em>C. edulis</em>. MtOH and <em>n</em>-hex extracts demonstrated deep antiviral activity against various viral strains. <em>In vivo</em> toxicology studies indicated no significant toxicity at doses up to 5 g/kg. The DCM extract has shown notable anti-inflammatory effects, and EA extract was leading in antipyretic activity. All extracts, except MtOH, exhibited antidiabetic <span><span>properties.In</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> conclusion, <em>C. edulis</em> emerges not only as a valuable nutritional source but also as a potent alternative medicinal resource, offering wide range of therapeutic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into the diversity of mango cultivars in Saudi Arabia: Fluorescent SSR marker analysis","authors":"Fatmah Ahmed Safhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study presents a comprehensive genetic analysis of twelve mango cultivars from Saudi Arabia, investigating their genetic diversity, population structure, and potential loci under selection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing ten SSR loci, we conducted a thorough assessment of allele variation, revealing diverse patterns across loci and defined genetic diversity among cultivars.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Notably, certain loci exhibited extensive allele diversity, with Loci M02 and M06 displaying five and seven alleles, respectively, while others showed more limited profiles, such as Locus M01 with only two alleles. Surprisingly, clustering patterns based on genetic relatedness did not consistently align with anticipated geographic groupings, suggesting additional factors influencing genetic structure beyond geography. Further analysis of allele sharing provided insights into the genetic relatedness among cultivars, highlighting both close genetic affinities and significant divergence. Subsequent Allele Sharing Matrix analysis unveiled sub-clustering within clusters, revealing finer-scale genetic structures within the population. Assessment of genetic differentiation using Analysis of Molecular Variance demonstrated significant variations among clusters and individuals, with variations among clusters ranging from 3% to 53%. Additionally, testing for loci under selection identified potential markers, such as locus M11, with observed heterozygosity greater than expected (1.024) and a relatively low observed FST value of 0.2695.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, our findings contribute to the characterization of mango genetic resources in Saudi Arabia, providing crucial information for breeding programs, germplasm conservation efforts, and agricultural practices. By leveraging advanced genomic technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations, future research can delve deeper into the genetic basis of adaptive traits and agronomic characteristics, paving the way for innovative strategies to enhance mango production and sustainability in Saudi Arabia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of structural architecture in western Saudi Neom City area, northwestern Arabian Plate: Field investigation","authors":"Ali Y. Kahal,&nbsp;Essam Abd El-Motaal","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saudi Neom City is being constructed as an urban mega-project in the northwestern part of the Arabian plate at the southeastern part of the NNE-oriented sinistral Dead Sea continental transform fault that links the NNW-oriented Red Sea Rift to the Zagros collision through the NE-oriented sinistral East Anatolian Fault. The present study aims to detect and analyze the different structural elements in the western Neom city. It also attempts to provide valuable data to help decision-makers for better achievement of such vital projects. From field investigation, the study area mainly comprises Neogene sedimentary sequence and exhibits a complex structural architecture represented by extensional- and wrench-style deformations. Different fault orientations (NNW–SSE striking extensional faults, WNW–ESE and ENE–WSW striking oblique-slip faults, and NNE–SSW and NNW–SSE striking strike-slip faults) dissect the western Neom area. Individual NNW-oriented Red Sea Rift-related extensional faults and fault blocks are antithetically tilted to the northeast. The sinistral movement onset along the Dead Sea Transform Fault postdates the Lower Miocene Burqan Formation deposition. Furthermore, the sinistral strike-slip regime of the western Neom area involves extensional structures, including normal faults, contractional structures (folds and reverse faults), and structures representing horizontal shear on near-vertical planes. NNW-oriented negative flower structures and forced folding occur along a synthetic NNW-oriented sinistral strike-slip fault set. Contractional structures are expressed by sets of NE-oriented left-handed en echelon-arranged folds in the Middle Miocene deposits. A proposed strain ellipse reveals these structures are associated with the NNE-oriented sinistral Dead Sea Transform Fault. The complexity of the structural architecture of the western Neom area can be attributed to its geologic setting under the influence of the Red Sea extensional rifting followed by the tectonic activity along the Dead Sea transform faulting. It is recommended that the structural attributes investigated, especially the geographic distribution of brittle structures (faults and fractures), be considered during the construction of Neom City.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginkgetin alleviates polystyrene microplastics-instigated liver injury in rats through Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway activation","authors":"Naila Ghafoor ,&nbsp;Kainat Fatima ,&nbsp;Moazama Batool ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Shaik Althaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Usman Atique","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are potential environmental toxicants that are reported to instigate oxidative stress (OS) in the liver. Ginkgetin (GK) is a natural biflavonoid with potential therapeutic activities. This experiment was executed to access the putative effect of GK against PS-MPs provoked hepatotoxicity. Four groups were formed from 48 rats including control, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg) group, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg) + GK (25 mg/kg) co-treated group and GK (25 mg/kg) alone group. The exposure of PS-MPs markedly decreased the expressions of antioxidant genes and Nrf-2, besides escalating Keap-1 expression. It also decreased the activities of antioxidants i.e., glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Additionally, a notable escalation in hepatic serum markers i.e., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was observed. Furthermore, PS-MPs exposure escalated the levels of inflammatory markers, i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), interleukin-β (IL-1β) level and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. PS-MPs treatment augmented Caspase-3 and Bax expressions and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Nevertheless, GK treatment notably abated PS-MPs prompted liver injuries owing to its hepatoprotective efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trachelogenin from Urena lobata demonstrates promising potentials against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (3CL Protease) of Endemic COVID","authors":"Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Somendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Motiram Sahu ,&nbsp;Chandramohan Govindasamy ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome, triggered by SARS-CoV-2, has presented a significant global challenge in the quest for compounds capable of either preventing the virus from entering host cells or impeding its replication within cells. The long persistence of the virus in the human body reported as “Endemic COVID” has compelled discoverers to find a competent compound to control the virus in endemic form. In the present study, the plant <em>Urena lobata</em> has been considered to search for competent molecules to inhibit virus replication, considering the anti-viral application of plants by traditional healers across the world. In our research, we identified 47 phyto-compounds present in the methanol and ethyl acetate extract obtained from the fruit of <em>U. lobata</em>. Among these compounds, 41 were reported in this plant for the first time. We found trachelogenin as the most potent compound against SARS-CoV-2Mpro, determined through evaluations of protein–ligand complex compatibility, drug-likeness, and assessments of molecular dynamics RMSD and RMSF. The trachelogenin shows binding ability with domain I and II of both subunits of Mpro protein with −13.568 (ΔG PB (Kacal/mol)).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the prediction of congenital cardiac abnormalities using various Machine learning models","authors":"Ahmad Ali AlZubi ,&nbsp;Abdulrhman Alkhanifer","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Congenital heart disease (CHD) involves structural heart defects present from birth. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are among the most common types. Early diagnosis is important and can be done using fetal echocardiography at 12–14 weeks of gestation. However, detection rates depend on the quality of diagnostic tools and expertise. Machine learning (ML) can enhance detection through various diagnostic modalities, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and ultrasonography (US).</div></div><div><h3>Aim and Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to improve CHD detection by integrating fetal echocardiography with machine learning techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study explores methods for detecting CHD using an online dataset, employing preprocessing, feature extraction, and deep learning classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was notable variability in model performance metrics. The Decision Support System for Early Prediction (DSSEP) had the highest sensitivity (80.11%) but a lower positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity compared to the Heart Deep Learning model (CDLM), which showed the highest specificity (88.25%) and PPV (91.31%). The Predictive Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects (PACHD) model had the lowest sensitivity (59.78%) and PPV (56.45%), while the Machine Learning-Based Discharge Prediction (MLBDP) model had the lowest specificity (59.78%) and the highest miss rate (40.22%). These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate models based on performance metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The DSSEP model demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower miss rates, making it strong for early detection, whereas the CDLM model offered higher specificity and PPV, reducing false positives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}