Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Prolonged Application of Super High-Intensity Continuous Training-Team Case Study.","authors":"Miloš M Milošević, Jovana Popović, Milivoj Dopsaj, Milenko B Milosević","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030241","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Super High-Intensity Continuous Training (SHCT) is a type of aerobic training program that combines high intensity with continuous loads, such as running for 20 min at 75%, 80%, or even 95% of the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake. Recent studies show significant positive effects, but the consequences of prolonged use remain unknown. <b>Purpose:</b> This study aims to investigate and evaluate the effects of prolonged application of the SHCT model in elite team handball players. <b>Method:</b> For this purpose, a field-based quasi-experiment was organized using the SHCT training model on 14 professional female team handball players competing in the first national league who participated in 16 weeks of SHCT training during the competition season. <b>Results:</b> After the application of SHCT training, the increases in the parameters of the aerobic profile (distance run in Cooper's 12 min run test, maximum rate of oxygen consumption, value of the maximum relative oxygen consumption, running speed for which maximum rate of oxygen consumption occurs) reached from 25.4% to 35.2%. The effect size of these changes was η²p > 0.90 and was significant at the <i>p</i> < 0.001 level. <b>Conclusions:</b> The investigated aerobic model is effective. Therefore, its use is recommended for designing aerobic training for elite teams and the general sports population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Integrating a Plyometric Training Program During Physical Education Classes on Ballistic Neuromuscular Performance.","authors":"Diego A Alonso-Aubin, Ángel Saez-Berlanga, Iván Chulvi-Medrano, Ismael Martínez-Guardado","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030240","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: This study examined the effects of a short-duration plyometric training program during physical education on neuromuscular ballistic performance in youth. <b>Methods</b>: Thirty-two students were assigned to a control group (CG; <i>n</i> = 16; age: 16.76 ± 0.72 years; height: 1.66 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 61.38 ± 6.07 kg) or an experimental group (EG; <i>n</i> = 16; age: 16.56 ± 0.62 years; height: 1.69 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 61.90 ± 7.83 kg). Both groups completed pre- and post-intervention Countermovement Jump (CMJ) tests using force plates. Over a four-week period, the EG completed eight sessions. Both the EG and the CG participated in 40 min sessions incorporating speed games, directional changes, and agility exercises. Paired <i>t</i>-tests and Cohen's d were used for analysis. <b>Results</b>: The EG showed significant improvements in jump height (<i>p</i> = 0.006, ES = 0.83), jump momentum (<i>p</i> = 0.008, ES = 0.80), and take-off velocity (<i>p</i> = 0.003, ES = 0.93), with a decrease in peak propulsive power (<i>p</i> = 0.01, ES = 0.77). In contrast, the CG exhibited declines in multiple metrics, including jump height, jump momentum, and take-off velocity. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that integrating plyometric training into physical education classes can effectively enhance neuromuscular performance in youth. Implementing structured training protocols within school programs may optimize strength, power, and movement efficiency, benefiting long-term athletic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Transcutaneous Randomized Pulsed Radiofrequency Application for Spine Pain Conditions: A Case Series.","authors":"Daniel de Moraes Ferreira Jorge, Olav Rohof, Melina Brigato Ferreira Jorge, Alexandre Teixeira, Cezar Augusto de Oliveira, Pablo Sobreiro, Douglas Freitas Dos Santos, Stephany Cares Huber, Jose Fabio Santos Duarte Lana","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030242","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Transcutaneous Randomized Pulsed Radiofrequency (TCPRF-STP) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach increasingly explored for managing spine-related pain, particularly in cases involving disc herniations and degenerative spine conditions. <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the use of transcutaneous PRF-STP in the treatment of spine pathologies and its evolution in short-term follow-up. <b>Methods:</b> This case series examines the outcomes of three patients treated with TCPRF-STP for varying spine pathologies, including lumbar and cervical disc herniations, lumbar stenosis, and radiculopathy. All patients had previously undergone conventional conservative therapies without a satisfactory improvement and were unwilling or unable to undergo invasive procedures. The treatment involved the application of electromagnetic fields through adhesive skin patches at targeted sites. Patients underwent three sessions of TCPRF-STP, with follow-up assessments evaluating pain and MRI. <b>Results:</b> Transcutaneous PRF-STP showed notable reductions in pain (VAS 0 in most cases), improvements in movement, and the restoration of normal daily activities. Follow-up MRI scans demonstrated positive structural changes in the treated discs. Although long-term recurrence occurred in one case, the patient remained active without functional limitations. <b>Conclusions:</b> Transcutaneous PRF-STP offers a promising, minimally invasive alternative for patients seeking to avoid surgery, though further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are necessary to establish more robust evidence of its efficacy. This technique could become an important adjunct in managing chronic spinal pain conditions, offering patients an option with minimal risk and hospital demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-Based Reaction Speed Does Not Predict Field-Based Reactive Agility in Soccer Players.","authors":"Adele Broodryk, Filip Skala, Retief Broodryk","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030239","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The motor response to human visual stimuli is unique and differs from the reaction to light-based visual stimuli. While laboratory-based tests offer valuable insights into athletes' basic perceptual-motor abilities, their translation to actual sports-specific tests is limited. Methods: Following a thorough warm-up, 44 collegiate-level male soccer players (age: 24.4 ± 2.5 y, mass: 63.01 ± 7.3 kg, stature: 167.62 ± 6.3 cm) from a tertiary institution completed the following tests: Sports Vision Test (20-light proactive speed test), 40 m sprint test (split times over 5, 10, 20 and 40 m), and a live Reactive Agility Test (RAT) entailing them to sprint, change direction either towards their dominant limb or non-dominant limb in response to a live tester, and sprint again. <b>Results</b>: Numerous moderate correlations were seen between the RAT and various sprint distances (r > 0.3, ES > 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The reaction speed relationship between the light-based (SVT) and live stimuli (RAT) test yielded a weak relationship (r > 0.4, ES > 0.5, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the light-based hand-eye coordination speed did not predict acceleration or top speed, while the total RAT time did explain 10.5% of top speed (40 m). No significant differences in the SVT average and total time were found among playing positions. <b>Conclusions</b>: The limited correlations observed indicate that light-based reaction training alone may not be sufficient to translate to field-based reactive agility; therefore, training should integrate perceptual-cognitive and motor demands. Future research should refine laboratory-based tests by incorporating contextual elements to enhance ecological validity and further investigate the transferability of these skills from controlled settings to real-world game scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Anthropometric and Body Composition Factors of Blind 5-a-Side Soccer Players in Response to Playing Position: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Boryi A Becerra-Patiño, Armando Monterrosa-Quintero, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, José Francisco López-Gil, José Pino-Ortega","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030238","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Blind 5-a-side soccer is an intermittent sport that requires the integration of physiological and physical processes, where body composition (BC) is an influential and differentiating factor of the sporting level, according to the conclusions of some studies. However, to date, no systematic review has been reported comparing BC in players with visual impairment. <b>Objectives:</b> The aims of this study were to systematically synthesize the existing evidence on differences in anthropometric characteristics and body composition among blind 5-a-side football players according to playing position and to derive practical recommendations for researchers and coaches. <b>Methods:</b> The following databases were consulted: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Science. This systematic review uses the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration and the guidelines for conducting systematic reviews in sports science. PICO strategy was used for the selection and inclusion of studies in the present work, with a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality was methodologically assessed using the PEDro scale. <b>Results</b>: The 10 studies comprising this systematic review had a total sample size of 168 athletes. The main findings of this research were (1) the somatotype of blind 5-a-side soccer players tends toward meso-endomorphic; (2) there are differences in the variables of muscle mass, fat mass, and body weight in response to playing position and sporting level; (3) the players present a somatotypical profile with a predominance of the mesomorph component. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this review reveal a tendency to define BW as influencing the athletic performance of blind 5-a-side soccer players. However, it is not conclusive whether these improvements occur in response to each playing position. More studies are needed to analyze the effect of BW on athletic performance, especially when correlating BW with other physical, nutritional, technical, and tactical variables in training and competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iliotibial Band Behavior Assessed Through Tensor Fasciae Latae Electromyographic Activity with Different Foot Orthoses in Recreational Runners According to Foot Type: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ruben Sanchez-Gomez, Álvaro Gómez Carrión, Ismael Ortuño Soriano, Paola Sanz Wozniak, Ignacio Zaragoza García, Fatma Ben Waer, Cristina Iona Alexe, Dan Iulian Alexe","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030237","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) through the tensor fascia latae (TFL) is a well-known pathology among runners whose etiology is not completely clear, nor is the effectiveness of plantar insoles for different types of feet known well enough for them to be considered a possible approach for this issue. <b>Objective:</b> to understand how foot type and foot orthotics may influence the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the TFL. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 41 healthy recreational runners (mean age 32.66 ± 3.51) were recruited for the present cross-sectional study, categorizing them as neutral (NEUg = 15), supinators (SUPg = 15), and pronators (PROg = 11) according to the foot postural index, over a period of 11 months. The EMG of the TFL was measured using a surface electromyograph device while they ran on a treadmill at a constant speed of 9 km/h for 3 min, randomly using supinating (SUP), pronating (PRO), or heel lift (TAL) insoles of 5 mm each one, compared to the baseline condition (SIN). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was performed to check the reproducibility of the tests, pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment were made, and to test the differences between measurements, the Friedman test was performed. <b>Results</b>: The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated a normal distribution of the sample (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Almost all obtained results showed a \"perfect reproducibility\" close to one; a significant statistical increase was observed in the mean EMG values from NEUg (87.58 ± 4.81 mV) to SUPg (97.17 ± 4.3 mV) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) during SIN+ basal condition. Additionally, there was a statistical reduction from SIN (87.58 ± 4.81 mV) vs. PRO (74.69 ± 3.77 mV) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in NEUg and from SIN (97.17 ± 4.3 mV) vs. PRO (90.96 ± 4 mV) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in SUPg. <b>Conclusions</b>: The SUPg exhibited increased activation of TFL fibers compared to the NEUg, likely due to the biomechanical demands associated with a supinated foot type. In contrast, the use of PRO appeared to promote relaxation of the TFL fibers by inducing internal rotation of the lower limb. Based on these preliminary results from a cross-sectional study in a healthy population, it is recommended to assess foot type when addressing ITBS and to consider the use of PRO as a complementary therapeutic strategy alongside conventional treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Horizontal and Vertical Vector Resistance Training on Swim Start Performance: An Eight-Week Intervention in Division One Collegiate Swimmers in Taiwan.","authors":"Jyun-Ru Chen, Yu-Lin Ning, Ting-Yao An, Yi-Lin Tsai, Kuo-Wei Tseng, Chi-Chieh Hsu","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030236","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: This study aimed to compare the effects of an eight-week horizontal versus vertical vector resistance training program on swim start performance and lower-limb neuromuscular function in competitive swimmers. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 16 collegiate swimmers (14 males and 2 females; height: 176.3 ± 10 cm; body mass: 68.8 ± 10.3 kg; age: 20.5 ± 2.3 year) were assigned to either a horizontal vector training (HOR) or a vertical vector training (VER) group and completed an eight-week training program. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included flight time, flight distance, underwater speed, 15 m swim speed, 25 m swim speed, and force-time metrics within both concentric and eccentric phases of the countermovement jump and squat jumps. <b>Results</b>: No group or interaction effects were observed. However, time effects were found for flight distance (↑ 4.1-5.5%), flight time (↑ 6.2-12%), 15 m swim speed (↑ 0.3-0.7%), and jump performance. The HOR showed more favorable within-group trends in regards to swim start performance and concentric performance of countermovement and squat jumps. Moderate correlations (r = 0.450-0.476) were found between changes in concentric jump variables and 15 m swim speed. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that both vertical and horizontal vector resistance training can improve lower-limb neuromuscular performance and swim start performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Stimulation Increases Muscle Activity During Exercise in Sedentary People.","authors":"Aurelio Trofè, Alessandro Piras, Luca Breviglieri, Alessandra Laffi, Andrea Meoni, Milena Raffi","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020232","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> A pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) induces electric currents in biological tissue, enhancing muscle energy expenditure during heavy constant-load exercises. In this paper, we investigate the PEMF effect on muscular activation in male sedentary people. <b>Methods</b>: The surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the right leg's vastus medialis (RVM) and biceps femoris (RBF) muscles was recorded and analyzed. The root mean square values were normalized to the peak amplitude observed during maximal voluntary contraction. Measurements were taken at baseline (stationary seated position), during warm-up (unloaded cycling), and throughout 15 min of constant-load exercise performed at moderate intensity. Subjects performed two experimental conditions, when PEMF was turned ON versus OFF. <b>Results</b>: No significant difference was found during the baseline. The analysis during warm-up showed significant differences between conditions (ON vs. OFF) for both muscles (RVM <i>p</i> = 0.019; RBF <i>p</i> < 0.001). The analysis during constant-load exercise showed significant differences between conditions (ON vs. OFF) for RVM only (<i>p</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusions</b>: This study provides evidence that PEMF stimulation acutely enhances muscle activation, primarily in the vastus medialis, with a comparatively smaller effect on the biceps femoris during moderate-intensity cycling in sedentary young men. The observed increase in EMG activity suggests that PEMF may facilitate neuromuscular excitability and muscle recruitment, potentially through mechanisms related to calcium signaling and enhanced muscle perfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Force Plates to Monitor the Recovery of Vertical Jump Performance After Strenuous Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Caden Williams, Katherine Sullivan, Changki Kim, Lee J Winchester, Michael V Fedewa","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020230","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Force plates are commonly used as a non-fatiguing measure of recovery. However, the recovery time course captured via the force plate assessment of vertical jumps has yet to be established. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the change in vertical jump performance and the time course of recovery following an acute bout of strenuous exercise using force plates. <b>Methods:</b> Peer-reviewed articles (n = 22) published prior to 8 November 2023, were identified by searching three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Studies included in this review met the following criteria: (1) available in English; (2) involved adult participants >18 years of age; (3) measured the change in vertical jump performance over consecutive days using a force plate system. Individual effect sizes (ESs) were calculated by dividing the change in vertical jump at each timepoint (24 h, 48 h, etc.) by the pooled standard deviation (SD), and they were aggregated using a three-level random-effects model. <b>Results:</b> Vertical jump performance decreased following an acute strenuous exercise bout (ES = -0.2639; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and returned to baseline after 3 days of recovery, with larger decreases observed when assessed using Peak Height rather than Peak Power (ES = -0.4687 vs. ES = -0.1399; <i>p</i> = 0.0393). Older participants showed a larger decrease in vertical jump (β = -0.0489; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Force plates can be used to evaluate recovery post-exercise, with a decline in performance on Days 1 and 2, and full recovery by Day 3. The findings from this study support the use of force plates for the evaluation of recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Function Changes with Swim Training in Healthy and Allergic Endurance Athletes.","authors":"João Rodrigues, Bárbara Jesus, Paulo Caseiro, António Jorge Ferreira, Luís Rama","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020231","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is thought that swimming might elicit remarkable chronic lung function improvements that were not observed in land-based sports. However, there is no consensus on whether this is mainly attributable to genetic predisposition or specific training. This study aimed to characterize athletes' lung function according to their swimming experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 45 male athletes, including 15 swimmers, 15 triathletes, and 15 runners. Spirometry tests were conducted under four conditions: seated on land, prone on land, seated while immersed in water, and prone while immersed in water. The tests were performed on the pool deck and pool, with the order of conditions randomized for each participant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study do not support the idea that there is a window of opportunity for greater lung function adaptations during childhood due to swim training. The accumulated years of swim training are the reason for the increased measurements of FVC and FEV₁ of swimmers. The immersed seated condition measures differences in lung function more accurately relative to swim training experience. Swim training appears to primarily enhance FVC in healthy athletes, while in allergic and asthmatic athletes, it mainly promotes improvements in FEV₁/FVC and FEF_25-75%.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}