Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Surf's Up for Postural Stability: A Descriptive Study of Physical Activity, Balance, Flexibility, and Self-Esteem in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda, Miguel Ángel Rosety-Rodríguez, Macarena Rivero-Vila, Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-Santos, Teppei Abiko","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030290","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study examines balance, flexibility and self-esteem among healthy individuals who engage in surfing compared to those who do not surf. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study design was conducted with 124 participants divided into the following groups: Group 1: Surfers <i>n</i> = 42; Group 2: individuals performing over 3 h of physical activity per week <i>n</i> = 43; and Group 3: individuals performing fewer than 3 h of physical activity per week <i>n</i> = 39. To assess balance, the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Flamenco Test (FBT) were used, the sit-and-reach test (SRT) was used to measure hamstring extensibility, the Rosenberg Scale was used to measure self-esteem, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure physical activity levels. <b>Results:</b> Regarding descriptive characteristics, G1 participants were significant older than those of G2 and G3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, there was a higher proportion of females in G3 than in G1 and G2 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The results revealed significant differences in balance between the surfers and those engaging in fewer than 3 h of activity per week (<i>p</i> < 0.05). G1 obtained significantly higher results in SEBT-left leg than G2 and G3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher result in SEBT-right leg and FBT than G3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but no significant differences in self-esteem were found. Significant differences in flexibility were observed between males and females (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> This result suggests that surfing could have a positive effect on balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Health Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Carlos Gomez-Garcia, Carol A Maher, Borja Sañudo, Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030292","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity are strongly associated, with a high prevalence of these concomitant conditions contributing significantly to global healthcare costs. Given this burden, there is an urgent need for effective interventions. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies represent a promising strategy to address both conditions simultaneously. <b>Objectives</b>: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth-based interventions for the management of adults with T2D and overweight/obesity. Specifically, it assessed the quantitative impact of these interventions on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 9 July 2025. The inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using mHealth interventions in adults with T2D and overweight/obesity, reporting HbA1c or weight as primary or secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2. A total of 13 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. <b>Results</b>: Meta-analysis indicated significant improvements after 6-12 months of intervention in HbA1c (MD -0.23; 95% CI -0.36 to -0.10; <i>p</i> < 0.001; I² = 72%), body weight (MD -2.47 kg; 95% CI -3.69 to -1.24; <i>p</i> < 0.001; I² = 79%), total cholesterol (MD -0.23; 95% CI -0.39 to -0.07; <i>p</i> = 0.004; I² = 0%), and LDL (MD -0.27; 95% CI -0.42 to -0.12; <i>p</i> < 0.001; I² = 0%). <b>Conclusions</b>: mHealth interventions are effective and scalable for managing T2D and obesity, particularly when incorporating wearable technologies to improve adherence. Future research should focus on optimizing personalization, engagement strategies, and long-term implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Game Performance and Physical Demands in Youth Male Basketball Players.","authors":"Javier Espasa-Labrador, Carlos Martínez-Rubio, Franc García, Azahara Fort-Vanmeergaehe, Jordi Guarch, Julio Calleja-González","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030293","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Understanding the relationship between physical demands and game performance is essential to optimize player development and management in basketball. This study aimed to examine the association between game performance and physical demands in youth male basketball players. <b>Methods:</b> Fifteen players (16.3 ± 0.7 years) from a Spanish 4th division team were monitored over seven official games. Game performance variables were extracted from official statistics, including traditional and advanced metrics. Physical demands were monitored using an Electronic Performance Tracking System device, combining a positioning system and inertial sensors. Partial correlations, controlling for minutes played, were calculated to explore associations between physical demands and performance variables, both for the entire team and by playing position. <b>Results:</b> Significant correlations between physical demands and game performance were observed. Points scored correlated strongly with total distance and high-intensity accelerations, while assists correlated with high-intensity decelerations. Inertial metrics, such as player load and the number of jumps, showed large correlations with points, two-point attempts, and the efficiency rating. Positional analysis revealed stronger and more numerous correlations for centers compared to guards and forwards. Inertial sensor-derived metrics exhibited a greater number and strength of correlations than positioning metrics. <b>Conclusions</b>: Game performance and physical demands are intrinsically related, with specific patterns varying by playing position. Inertial sensors provide valuable complementary information to positioning systems for assessing physical demands in basketball. These findings can assist practitioners in tailoring monitoring and training strategies to optimize performance and manage player workload effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a 10-Week Strength Training Program on Physical Performance and Match External Load in Young Elite Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Sefika Pelin Bal, Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda, Peter Krustrup, Javier Raya-González","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030289","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soccer is a physically demanding sport characterized by frequent high-intensity efforts, which are particularly relevant in women's competitions. Improving high-speed running and aerobic capacity has been linked to better on-field performance. Strength training has shown promise in enhancing these physical attributes, but its application in young female soccer players remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 10-week in-season strength training program on physical performance and match running demands in young female soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two U18 Danish female professional soccer players from two comparable teams voluntarily participated in the study. Teams were allocated to either an experimental group, performing twice-weekly strength training (EG, <i>n</i> = 16) or a control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 16). Vertical jump performance and Yo-Yo IR2 performance as an estimation for maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) were assessed both pre and post intervention. Additionally, players' match external demands (i.e., total distance, distance covered at speeds above 23 km·h^-1, and maximum velocity achieved) were monitored using Global Positioning System devices during four matches before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant within-group differences were observed across all variables for the EG (<i>p</i> = 0.001; ES = 1.08 to 1.45, large), without differences in the CG (<i>p</i> > 0.01). Between-group analysis indicated significant differences favoring the EG in all variables (F = 27.40 to 47.17; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of a 10-week strength training program led to improvements in physical and match running performance among young female soccer players, underscoring the importance of incorporating strength training programs into female soccer periodization to enhance performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable Sensor Assessment of Gait Characteristics in Individuals Awaiting Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study.","authors":"Elina Gianzina, Christos K Yiannakopoulos, Elias Armenis, Efstathios Chronopoulos","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030288","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Gait impairments are common in individuals with knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty, affecting their mobility and quality of life. This study aimed to assess and compare biomechanical gait features between individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty and healthy, non-arthritic controls, focusing on less-explored variables using sensor-based measurements. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 60 participants: 21 individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty and 39 nonarthritic controls aged 64-85 years. Participants completed a standardized 14 m walk, and 17 biomechanical gait parameters were measured using the BTS G-Walk inertial sensor. Key variables, such as stride duration, cadence, symmetry indices, and pelvic angles, were analyzed for group differences. <b>Results:</b> The pre-total knee arthroplasty group exhibited significantly longer gait cycles and stride durations (<i>p</i> < 0.001), reduced cadence (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lower gait cycle symmetry index (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than the control group. The pelvic angle symmetry indices for tilt (<i>p</i> = 0.014), rotation (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and obliquity (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were also lower. Additionally, the pre-total knee arthroplasty group had lower propulsion indices for both legs (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and a lower walking quality index on the right leg (<i>p</i> = 0.005). The number of elaborated steps was significantly greater in the pre-total knee arthroplasty group (left, <i>p</i> < 0.001, right: <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in any other gait parameters. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study revealed significant gait impairment in individuals awaiting total knee arthroplasty. Although direct evidence for prehabilitation is lacking, future research should explore whether targeted approaches, such as strengthening exercises or gait retraining, can improve gait and functional outcomes before surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiocirculatory and Metabolic Responses to Low- and High-Load Squat Exercise in Young and Middle-Aged Individuals.","authors":"Alessandro L Colosio, Massimo Teso, Alberto Bottari, Luca Ferrari, Gianluca Bochicchio, Jan Boone, Silvia Pogliaghi","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030287","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of resistance training (RT) in middle-aged and young individuals by examining cardiocirculatory and metabolic responses to squat performed under low and high external loads as per current exercise prescription guidelines. <b>Methods</b>: Eighteen RT-trained individuals (nine middle-aged individuals, including eight women who were equally distributed) performed a cycling incremental test for the determination of their maximal aerobic capacity and three sessions of RT, respectively, to determine their one repetition maximum (1RM) of squat and their physiological responses during different training protocols of squat with equal training loads (3 × 12 at 55% 1RM vs. 5 × 5 at 80% 1RM). Whole-body metabolic (oxygen update and blood lactate) and cardiocirculatory (heart rate and blood pressure) responses and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were compared across age groups and % 1RM to determine the metabolic stimulus and cardiovascular strain imposed by this form of training. <b>Results</b>: Young and middle-aged individuals exhibited similar cardiocirculatory responses to RT, with the only exception being a higher diastolic response in the middle-aged group for both protocols (present also at rest). No difference was found between the two age groups in terms of metabolic response and RPE. 80% 1RM induced a similar cardiocirculatory response and a higher RPE but a lower metabolic response compared to 55% 1RM. <b>Conclusions</b>: While no difference in physiological responses was found between the groups, the lower-load and higher-repetition training scheme demonstrated better time efficiency, metabolic activation, and perceived effort with equivalent cardiocirculatory strain. These findings support the safety of RT and can guide practitioners in the design of training protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu a Traumatic Sport? Survey on Italian Athletes' Rehabilitation and Return to Sport.","authors":"Fabio Santacaterina, Christian Tamantini, Giuseppe Camarro, Sandra Miccinilli, Federica Bressi, Loredana Zollo, Silvia Sterzi, Marco Bravi","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030286","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) is a physically demanding sport associated with a notable risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Understanding injury patterns, rehabilitation approaches, and psychological readiness to return to sport (RTS) is essential for prevention and management strategies. This study aimed to investigate injury characteristics among Italian BJJ athletes, assess their rehabilitation processes and psychological recovery, and identify key risk factors such as belt level, body mass index (BMI), and training load. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted among members of the Italian BJJ community, including amateur and competitive athletes. A total of 360 participants completed a 36-item online questionnaire. Data collected included injury history, rehabilitation strategies, RTS timelines, and responses to the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale. A Random Forest machine learning algorithm was used to identify and rank potential injury risk factors. <b>Results:</b> Of the 360 respondents, 331 (92%) reported at least one injury, predominantly occurring during training sessions. The knee was the most frequently injured joint, and the action \"attempting to pass guard\" was the most reported mechanism. Most athletes (65%) returned to training within one month. BMI and age emerged as the most significant predictors of injury risk. Psychological readiness scores indicated moderate confidence, with the lowest levels associated with playing without pain. <b>Conclusions:</b> Injuries in BJJ are common, particularly affecting the knee. Psychological readiness, especially confidence in training without pain, plays a critical role in RTS outcomes. Machine learning models may aid in identifying individual risk factors and guiding injury prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Overweight to Severe Obesity: Physical Activity and Behavioural Profiles in a Large Clinical Cohort.","authors":"Francesca Campoli, Elvira Padua, Lucio Caprioli, Saeid Edriss, Giuseppe Annino, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Mauro Lombardo","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030283","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Behavioural heterogeneity in obesity is increasingly recognised, but how specific dietary patterns, food preferences and physical activity vary between obesity classes remains poorly characterised. <b>Methods:</b> We analysed behavioural, dietary, and lifestyle data from 1366 adults attending a tertiary obesity clinic in Italy. Participants were stratified into five obesity classes defined by BMI. Age-adjusted regression models and chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction were used to examine associations between obesity severity and key behavioural outcomes, including food preferences, eating behaviours, physical activity, and self-reported sleep quality. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of uncontrolled eating, skipping meals, and fast eating significantly increased with obesity severity after adjusting for age (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Preference for yoghurt and legumes declined with increasing BMI, whereas preferences for meat and dairy remained stable. Age-adjusted sport participation decreased progressively, with significantly lower odds in Obesity I, II, and IIIA compared to the Overweight group. Sleep quality was highest among overweight participants and declined with obesity severity; night-time awakenings were most frequent in Obesity IIIB. <b>Conclusions:</b> Distinct behavioural and lifestyle traits, including lower sport participation, reduced preference for fibre-rich foods, and greater frequency of uncontrolled, fast, and irregular eating, showed overall trends across obesity classes. While these findings suggest the presence of behavioural phenotypes, their interpretation is limited by the cross-sectional design and the use of self-reported, non-validated measures. Future studies should incorporate objective assessments to inform targeted obesity interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Bench Press Strength and Power: A Velocity-Based Analysis Adjusted for Body Composition.","authors":"Olga López-Torres, Raúl Nieto-Acevedo, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau, Valentín Emilio Fernández Elías","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030284","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Resistance training (RT) promotes muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in both men and women. However, sex differences in neuromuscular performance, muscle fiber composition, and the hormonal environment influence strength and power adaptations. While men generally exhibit greater absolute and relative strength, it remains unclear to what extent these differences persist across various load intensities. A better understanding of sex-specific strength and power profiles may help optimize training strategies. The aim of this study was to compare strength and power performance during the bench press exercise in physically active males and females, relative to body mass and fat-free mass (FFM). <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-nine physically active individuals (16 men: 21.3 ± 4.1 years, 13 women: 22.6 ± 4.9 years) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test and an incremental velocity-based assessment at 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, and 85% of the 1RM using a Smith machine. The barbell velocity was measured via a linear transducer, with the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) recorded for each load. Power-related variables (e.g., peak force [F0], maximal velocity [V0], and maximal power [Pmax]) were analyzed. To account for differences in body composition, data were adjusted for body mass and FFM. <b>Results:</b> Men exhibited significantly greater strength and power than women across most loads when adjusted for both body mass and fat-free mass (FFM) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These differences were particularly pronounced when normalized to FFM (45-75%1RM; <i>p</i> = 0.001-0.031), with large effect sizes observed (ηp² = 0.185-0.383). Notably, sex differences in mean propulsive velocity (MPV) disappeared at 85%1RM (<i>p</i> = 0.208; ηp² = 0.06), suggesting that maximal neuromuscular recruitment may minimize sex-related disparities at higher intensities. Furthermore, men demonstrated significantly higher values in six of the seven power-related variables, with no significant differences in the %1RM required to achieve an optimal power output. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings confirm that men exhibit greater strength and power than women, even after adjusting for body composition. However, at high relative loads (≥85%1RM), sex differences in movement velocity appear to diminish, likely due to similar recruitment patterns of high-threshold motor units. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific resistance training programs, particularly in relation to load prescription and the application of velocity-based training methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Physical Activity Affect the Mental Health of Adults with Intellectual Disability? A Cross-Sectional Study Analyzing the Complex Interplay Between Variables.","authors":"Tommaso Piva, Andrea Raisi, Valentina Zerbini, Sabrina Masotti, Erica Menegatti, Alessandro Grande, Giovanni Grazzi, Gianni Mazzoni, Emilio Paolo Visintin, Martino Belvederi Murri, Simona Mandini","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030285","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Individuals with intellectual disability face an increased risk of mental health issues compared to the general population. Despite the proven efficacy of physical activity (PA) in improving anxiety and depression in the general population, little is known about this relationship in adults with intellectual disability and the factors that influence it. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between PA and perceived levels of anxiety and depression, and assess gender disparities in PA and mental health. <b>Method:</b> People with intellectual disability were recruited from day centers and sports events. The amount of PA was evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Perceived mental health was assessed through the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety (ZAS) and Depression Scale (ZDS). <b>Results:</b> In total, 99 adults (34 females, aged 33 ± 12) participated in the study. A gender disparity was found in anxiety levels, while depression, PA, and type of sport participation did not differ between males and females. Multiple regression analysis highlights how the depression score was significantly predicted by gender (β = -3.57, <i>p</i> = 0.015), intellectual disability level (β =-3.08, <i>p</i> < 0.008), and PA (β =-0.10, <i>p</i>= 0.001), while anxiety was influenced by gender (β = -4.48, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and intellectual disability level (β = -3.23, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings underscore the relevance of physical activity as a factor associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults with intellectual disability, highlighting its potential role in mental health promotion within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}