Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Analyzing Positional and Temporal Variations in Worst-Case Scenario Demands in Professional Spanish Soccer.","authors":"David Lobo-Triviño, Tomás García-Calvo, Jorge Polo-Tejada, Borja Sanabria-Pino, Roberto López Del Campo, Fabio Nevado-Garrosa, Javier Raya-González","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020172","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the worst-case scenario (WCS; i.e., 1-min) demands, in terms of distance covered and the number of times exceeding 85% of WCS demands, across soccer playing positions and match periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 67,518 records from 380 soccer matches during the 2023/24 season of the First Spanish Division were collected. Match events were tracked using the optical tracking system ChyronHego^® (TRACAB Gen5, NY, USA) and synchronized with Mediacoach software (LaLiga, Madrid, Spain). Total distance (TD), very high-speed running (VHSR), and sprint distance were considered, and all analyses were performed using linear mixed models (LMM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Center-backs (CBs) exhibited significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in TD compared to all other positions. Regarding actions exceeding 85% of the 1-min WCS for TD, full-backs (FBs) showed significant differences compared to CBs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), midfielders (MDs; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and attacking midfielders (AMs; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In terms of VHSR, significant differences were observed between MDs and wingers (Ws; <i>p</i> < 0.05). In relation to match periods, during 15-30, CBs demonstrated significant differences compared to all other positions for actions exceeding 85% of the 1-min WCS in TD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that training protocols could be adjusted to account for specific positional demands, particularly focusing on high-speed running and sprint actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Maturation Prediction Methods (Moore, Mirwald, BAUSport^TM): Croatian Female Volleyball Youth Team Example.","authors":"Drazen Cular, Tea Beslija, Marijana Cavala, Matej Babic, Ana Kezic","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020171","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The study aims to compare three distinct protocols-Moore, Mirwald, and the new BAUSport^TM SonicBone system-for predicting somatic maturation in youth athletes. <b>Methods</b>: The participants were female members of the Croatian national volleyball youth team (U-17) (<i>n</i> = 16). The study involved comprehensive measurements, including height, weight, sitting height, leg length, wrist diameter, hand joint diameter, hand grip strength, and ultrasound measurements for skeletal age assessment. <b>Results</b>: Correlation analysis showed moderate to strong correlations between the Moore and Mirwald skeletal age estimates, but both showed weaker correlations with the BAUSport^TM skeletal age. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant difference between the Moore and Mirwald methods (<i>p</i> > 0.05); significant differences between both the Moore and Mirwald methods and the BAUSport^TM method (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that height, weight, sitting height, leg length, wrist diameter, and hand joint diameter explained 69% of BAUSport^TM, with wrist diameter being the only significant predictor. While the Moore and Mirwald methods remain useful tools for estimating the timing of an athlete's growth spurt, BAUSport^TM represents a potential advancement in skeletal age assessment. Further research is needed to validate BAUSport^TM across diverse populations and optimize its calibration to accommodate anatomical variations. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings suggest that with further refinement, BAUSport^TM could become a new standard for monitoring skeletal development in youth athletes. Additionally, studies should explore comparative analyses with other emerging technologies, such as genetic markers, hormonal assessments, and MRI, for further understanding of biological maturation in talent identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic Therapy Versus Land-Based Therapy in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Gema Santamaría, Mario Fernández-Gorgojo, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Abejón, Blanca García Gómez, Ángela Molina, Diego Fernández-Lázaro","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020170","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Motor and non-motor symptoms of PD cause functional disabilities. Aquatic-based therapeutic exercise (AT) is a potential approach that may improve the management of PD, given its hydrostatic and hydrodynamic properties. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AT compared to traditional land-based therapeutic exercise (LT) in patients with PD. <b>Methods:</b> Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024528310), this review involved original studies published from 2014 to December 2024, with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, in which the intervention group performed AT, and the control group performed LT. The outcomes evaluated were balance, gait, quality of life, strength, mental health, pain, flexibility, and sleep quality. <b>Results:</b> Of the 413 records identified, 135 duplicates were removed, and 265 did not meet the selection criteria. Thirteen RCTs comprising 511 patients (age range: 50-80 years) were eligible. Most studies reported beneficial effects of AT, with no serious adverse events. Compared to LT, AT led to significant improvements (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in quality of life, mental health, pain, flexibility, and sleep quality. No evidence was provided of the beneficial effects of AT compared to LT on balance, gait, and strength; however, significant improvements were observed in the AT group from baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> AT appears to be a safe and effective intervention for improving the quality of life, mental health, pain, flexibility, and sleep quality in PD patients. While balance, gait, and strength may also benefit, the evidence comparing AT to LT remains inconclusive due to variability in study protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Carbohydrate Intake in Young Male Elite Football Players: Insights from a Case Study of HNK Hajduk Academy.","authors":"Marta Tomljanovic, Ana Kezic, Mario Tomljanovic, Daniela Čačić Kenjerić","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020169","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Proper nutrition is crucial for optimizing performance and recovery in elite young football players. This study aimed to assess sports nutrition knowledge, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and carbohydrate intake across different training phases, evaluating their relations with match performance. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-three male HNK Hajduk academy players (15-19 years) completed a nutrition questionnaire and a seven-day food diary, while performance metrics were analyzed using GPS tracking. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that sports nutrition knowledge was generally low (43.0 ± 17.0%), with significant misconceptions about carbohydrate fueling strategies. Players significantly overestimated their MD adherence, with a self-reported KIDMED index (6.06 ± 2.41) notably higher than the corrected score derived from food diaries (4.21 ± 2.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Carbohydrate intake was suboptimal on match-related days (3.64 g/kg on match day, 4.45 g/kg on the day before), failing to meet the recommended minimum of 6 g/kg per day. Regression analysis predicted that energy (β = 0.83; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and carbohydrate intake (β = 0.69; <i>p</i> = 0.03) on match day significantly predicted distance covered per minute, with a positive relationship observed for both outcomes, highlighting its impact on endurance. However, no significant relationship was found between carbohydrate intake and maximum sprint speed. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings underscore the need for structured nutrition education within football academies to enhance players' dietary habits and performance outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal interventions to assess how improved nutrition knowledge influences dietary adherence and athletic performance over time. Although knowledge of sports nutrition is fundamental, practical training and education to improve dietary competencies are crucial for athletes to effectively apply this knowledge in daily training and match preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Superimposed Blood Flow Restriction on Isokinetic Knee Extension.","authors":"Darío Rodrigo-Mallorca, Joaquín Mollá-Sanchis, Iván Chulvi-Medrano, Luis M Franco-Grau","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020167","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate changes in the isokinetic concentric moment of the knee extensors and the moment-velocity curve during the application of no BFR compared to superimposed BFR. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 37 physically active adults [33.73 (10.96) years; 11 females] performed three sets of isokinetic concentric knee extensions, each including three angular velocities (300°/s, 210°/s, and 120°/s; BIODEX dynamometer). BFR at 40% (BFR40) and 80% (BFR80) of the maximal pressure occlusion (MPO) were applied randomly after an equal control protocol without BFR (BFR0). <b>Results:</b> No significant differences were found for any interaction between the BFR condition and angular velocity (<i>p</i> > 0.05); 109.78 ± 32.90 vs. 71.24 ± 11.18, 116.68 ± 27.29 vs. 74.40 ± 15.11, and 113.91 ± 28.43 vs. 72.95 ± 13.76 Nm at 300°/s; 137.60 ± 35.27 vs. 88.85 ± 15.23, 135.40 ± 33.04 vs. 86.32 ± 17.38, and 132.68 ± 31.99 vs. 85.39 ± 16.25 Nm at 210°/s; 177.62 ± 41.40 vs. 114.72 ± 20.10, 166.40 ± 45.39 vs. 198.14 ± 21.80, and 162.60 ± 40.10 vs. 109.09 ± 18.90 Nm at 120°/s, for BFR0, BFR40, and BFR80, respectively. There were significant differences in the interactions by gender. <b>Conclusions:</b> Superimposed application of BFR at 40% MPO and 80% MPO during an isokinetic knee extension did not cause any acute change in the ability to produce maximal moment or power. The use of BFR may not generate an ergogenic effect that is sufficient to cause acute changes in force production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training.","authors":"Liāna Pļaviņa, Edgars Edelmers","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020166","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate how a 10-day multi-stressor field-training course-combining high physical and psycho-emotional demands, caloric restriction, and severe sleep deprivation-affects systemic oxidative/antioxidative status and biomarkers of nucleic-acid and skeletal-muscle damage in trained military cadets. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-five healthy cadets (8 women, 67 men; 22-34 y) completed the course. Standardised operational rations (700-800 kcal day^-¹) and two 20 min tactical naps per 24 h were enforced. Pre- and post-course venous blood was collected after an overnight fast. Plasma superoxide-dismutase activity (SOD), reduced and oxidised glutathione (GSH, GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were quantified by colourimetric/fluorometric assays; 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and myoglobin were measured by ELISA. The oxidative-stress index (OSI) was calculated as GSSG·GSH^-¹. Within-subject differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; associations between biomarker changes were explored by Spearman correlation. <b>Results:</b> After training, GSH (+175%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and GSSG (+32%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) rose significantly, whereas SOD (-19%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), H₂O₂ (-20%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), MDA (-50%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 8-OHdG (-23%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and OSI (-47%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) declined. Myoglobin remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.603). Reductions in MDA correlated inversely with increases in GSSG (rₛ = -0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.041), while H₂O₂ changes correlated positively with GSSG (rₛ = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.046), indicating a glutathione-driven adaptive response. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ten consecutive days of vigorous, calorie- and sleep-restricted field training elicited a favourable redox adaptation characterised by enhanced glutathione-mediated antioxidant capacity and lower circulating oxidant concentrations, without evidence of DNA or skeletal-muscle damage. The data suggest that, in physically prepared individuals, prolonged multi-stressor exposure can strengthen endogenous antioxidant defences rather than precipitate oxidative injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Peak Height Velocity on Strength and Power Development of Young Athletes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis, Alexandra Avloniti, Christos Kokkotis, Theodoros Stampoulis, Dimitrios Balampanos, Anastasia Gkachtsou, Panagiotis Aggelakis, Danai Kelaraki, Maria Protopapa, Dimitrios Pantazis, Maria Emmanouilidou, Nikolaos Zaras, Dimitrios Draganidis, Ilias Smilios, Antonis Kambas, Ioannis G Fatouros, Maria Michalopoulou, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020168","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Maturation is a complex biological process affecting all tissues, organs, and systems, particularly during adolescence. The Peak Height Velocity (PHV) period, a hallmark of adolescent growth spurts, is associated with individual differentiations in the development of performance attributes amongst youth. Understanding the influence of sports participation on strength and power during the PHV period is essential for optimizing training outcomes and reducing injury risk. This scoping review synthesizes the literature on the strength and power development in athletes during the PHV period across various sports, highlighting the interaction between maturation, training, and performance outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus, supplemented by manual searches, identified peer-reviewed studies from 2004 to 2025. The included longitudinal studies involved structured training and assessed strength-related performance during and around the PHV period. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. <b>Results</b>: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. It is found that strength and power are significantly affected during the PHV period and participation in sports mitigates these effects. Training characteristics such as training frequency/volume and sport specificity were key factors. Early maturers often outperformed late maturers, though adolescent awkwardness temporarily reduced performance around PHV. <b>Conclusions</b>: Systematic participation in sports training can limit the phenomenon of adolescent awkwardness in the performance of strength and power. Hence, training programs should be tailored to maturity status, emphasizing skill development, strength training, and injury prevention. Future research should explore individualized training and the mechanisms underlying performance variability during the PHV period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Composition Benefits Diminish One Year After a Resistance Training Regimen in Breast Cancer Patients, Although Improvements in Strength, Balance, and Mobility Persist.","authors":"Colin E Champ, Jared Rosenberg, Chris Peluso, Christie Hilton, Rhyeli Krause, Alexander K Diaz, David J Carpenter","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020165","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Resistance training can improve body composition and physical function during and after breast cancer treatment and improve quality of life. It is unclear whether these changes persist once a person is no longer actively enrolled in a structured exercise regimen. Thus, we analyzed participants from the EXERT-BC protocol, assessing an intense exercise regimen in women with breast cancer at one year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the participants were asked to undergo reassessment at one year. Current exercise habits, injuries, changes in medical history, body composition, handgrip strength, functional mobility and balance, and patient-reported quality of life were assessed. Pairwise comparison was performed via the paired t test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 40 initial participants, 33 returned for reevaluation, with 6 lost to follow-up and 1 with unrelated hospitalization. The median age was 57.8 years, and stage at diagnosis was 1. Weekly exercise was reported by 16 participants (48.5%), with 14 of the 16 following structured resistance training. Between completion of the EXERT-BC and one year follow-up, five women (15.2%) experienced musculoskeletal injuries, which inhibited their ability to exercise. Three women (9%), who were no longer exercising experienced orthopedic injuries requiring medical intervention. The significant reduction in percent body fat, total body fat, excess fat, and increases in muscle mass, resting metabolic rate, and whole-body phase angle dissipated at 1 year. Activity levels and quality of life were no longer significantly improved. However, strength, mobility, and balance remained significantly improved versus pre-exercise measurements, whether a participant was still engaged in exercise or not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After a 3-month dose-escalated resistance training regimen, exercise compliance was poor at one year. The anthropomorphic benefits of the regimen regressed by one year; however, the improvements in strength, balance, and mobility persisted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Levels and Recreational Participation Among Physiotherapists: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study.","authors":"Constantin Ciucurel, George Mihail Man, Marilena Monica Tantu, Mariana Ionela Tudor, Georgeta Ionescu, Ana Catalina Tantu, Elena Ioana Iconaru","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020164","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Healthcare professions impose high physical and mental demands, potentially affecting health. Despite advocating for active lifestyles, many physiotherapists do not meet recommended physical activity levels (PALs). This study explores physical activity patterns and recreational engagement among practicing physiotherapists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional correlational design examined the relationship between physical activity and recreational participation among 60 physiotherapists (38 females, 22 males, mean age 38.62 ± 9.78 years). Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Pittsburgh Enjoyable Activities Test (PEAT). The analysis focused on bivariate correlations between PAL, energy expenditure (MET), recreational habits (PEAT score), and sociodemographic and anthropometric variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IPAQ-SF results indicated that 38.3% of participants had a low PAL, 40.0% a moderate level, and 21.7% a high level. Average energy expenditure was 1927.62 ± 1479.73 MET-minutes/week. PEAT data indicated moderate engagement in recreational activities (mean score: 22.63 ± 7.76), with participants predominantly involved in low-intensity, passive leisure. Significant positive correlations were observed between PEAT scores and both MET values (Kendall's tau-b = 0.669, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) and PALs (Kendall's tau-b = 0.804, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01), indicating that higher engagement in recreational activities is associated with greater energy expenditure and overall physical activity levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the physical demands of their profession, many physiotherapists report low activity levels. The positive correlations between physical activity, energy expenditure, and recreational engagement highlight the need for structured exercise to support both personal health and professional integrity. Future research should include larger samples and objective assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Multidimensional Physical Activity Intervention on Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Olga Papale, Emanuel Festino, Francesca Di Rocco, Carl Foster, Iris Prestanti, Sofia Serafini, Pascal Izzicupo, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020163","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemic episodes influenced by diet, sleep quality, chronotype, and physical activity, among others. While aerobic exercise is known to improve glycemic control, its effect on blood glucose regulation remains underexplored. Thus, this case study aimed to evaluate the effects of a prolonged and differentiated indoor and outdoor exercise intervention on glycemic control in an individual with type 1 diabetes. <b>Methods</b>: The participant (age: 23 years; weight: 95 kg; height: 1.90 m; Body Mass Index: 26.3 kg/m²; waist to hip ratio: 0.98; basal metabolic rate: 2015 kcal; Heart Rate Maximum (HRmax): 197 beats·min^-1) completed two outdoor (~3800 m) and two indoor sessions with self-selected speed, in the initial 2 min stage, at a 0% grade slope. The grade increased by 2% at each stage during the uphill phase until reaching volitional fatigue, followed by a 2% decrease at each stage during the downhill phase until returning to a 0% grade. Blood pressure was assessed before and after each session. Daily nutrition intake, insulin intake, and blood glucose were continuously monitored. Dietary adherence (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), and physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were assessed before each session. The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale was used to measure enjoyment after each session. <b>Results</b>: The sessions were completed in ~44 and ~39 min with the participant achieving 84% (outdoor) and 96% (indoor) of their theoretical HRmax. The intervention resulted in glycemic improvements, with time spent in hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) decreasing from 56.46% to 0%, while time in the normal range (70-180 mg/dL) increased to 63.96%. A 47% reduction in insulin units showed that insulin sensitivity also improved. <b>Conclusions</b>: Despite differences in intensity, indoor and outdoor activities yielded comparable benefits, with outdoor activities being perceived as more enjoyable (outdoor: 28.5 ± 0.7; indoor: 24.0 ± 5.6) and positively impacting glycemic control, thus supporting the need for tailored strategies in diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}