Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Psychophysiological Response Differences Between Advanced and Beginner Climbers and Fatigue Management.","authors":"Alejandro Padilla-Crespo, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Rock climbing is a multifaceted athletic activity that requires both psychological and physiological resilience. This study aimed to examine the differences in psychological factors and fatigue predictors between novice and advanced climbers, with a focus on the interplay between experience and performance. <b>Methods:</b> The study included 60 participants categorized based on climbing experience (novice or advanced). Psychological and physiological assessments were conducted, including heart rate variability (HRV), grip strength, rate of force development (RFD), subjective perceived stress (SPS), and anxiety levels using validated questionnaires. <b>Results:</b> Advanced climbers exhibited lower anxiety levels and better sympathetic modulation compared to novices. Significant differences in HRV parameters, grip strength, and RFD were observed, reflecting the impact of experience on physiological responses. Advanced climbers demonstrated notable strength decreases post-climbing, supporting the utility of a force sensor on a 20 mm edge for assessing forearm fatigue. Correlations between cortisol levels, anxiety, and self-confidence during climbing were also identified. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings highlight the importance of psychological and physiological factors in climbing performance. Forearm fatigue emerged as a critical predictor, suggesting that portable force sensors can optimize training and injury prevention. Insights from this study may enhance training protocols and improve real-time performance monitoring in climbers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DXA-Measured Total and Regional Body Composition in Female Athletes with a Physical Impairment.","authors":"Valentina Cavedon, Ilaria Peluso, Elisabetta Toti, Marco Sandri, Anna Pedrinolla, Carlo Zancanaro, Chiara Milanese","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010049","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> In recent years, awareness has been growing regarding the needs of female athletes with physical impairments. Despite the importance from both health and performance perspectives of assessing body composition in this athletic population, there is limited literature focusing on this topic. This study explored whole-body and regional three-compartment body composition in female athletes with a physical impairment to assess the impact of impairment and sex on body composition parameters in this population. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty female athletes with a physical impairment were pair-matched by age with an able-bodied female athlete and a male athlete with a comparable physical impairment. All athletes underwent whole-body scanning with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. <b>Results:</b> Female athletes with physical impairments showed body composition changes including higher amounts of fat mass, particularly in the lower body regions. Among athletes with a physical impairment, sex showed an independent effect on whole-body composition, with females showing higher fat mass and lower lean mass and bone mineral content compared with males, especially in the legs. <b>Conclusions:</b> Female athletes with physical impairments had a distinct body composition profile, characterized by sex-specific distribution of body tissue at the regional level. Nutritional and training strategies aimed at optimizing body composition in female athletes with physical impairments should be specifically tailored to meet the needs of this athletic population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fascia and Muscle Stiffness in Soccer Athletes with and Without Previous Hamstring Injury.","authors":"Eleftherios Kellis, Afxentios Kekelekis, Eleni E Drakonaki","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Despite extensive efforts to reduce injuries to the hamstrings, the injury rate among athletes is increasing. The purpose of this study was to examine fascia and muscle stiffness differences between ten soccer players with a previous biceps femoris long head (BF) injury and thirteen controls. <b>Methods:</b> The shear-wave elastic (SWE) modulus and surface electromyography signal from the semitendinosus (ST) and BF were measured during passive and active knee flexion efforts from 0°, 45°, and 90° knee flexion angles. Anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum isometric strength were also obtained. <b>Results:</b> Analysis of variance showed that the injured group showed significantly greater active (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but similar passive SWE modulus of BF and ST fascia and muscle than the uninjured group. Compared to the non-injured group, injured athletes had lower isometric strength and BF anatomical CSA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but similar electromyographic activation amplitude (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The greater fascia stiffness during active submaximal contractions, in comparison to controls, might have an impact on hamstring function in soccer players with BF injuries who returned to play. Injured players may benefit from therapeutic interventions that aim to restore fascia and muscle tissue stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tennis Timing Assessment by a Machine Learning-Based Acoustic Detection System: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Lucio Caprioli, Amani Najlaoui, Francesca Campoli, Aatheethyaa Dhanasekaran, Saeid Edriss, Cristian Romagnoli, Andrea Zanela, Elvira Padua, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Giuseppe Annino","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> In tennis, timing plays a crucial factor as it influences the technique and effectiveness of strokes and, therefore, matches results. However, traditional technical evaluation methods rely on subjective observations or video motion-tracking technology, mainly focusing on spatial components. This study evaluated the reliability of an acoustic detection system in analyzing key temporal elements of the game, such as the rally rhythm and timing of strokes. <b>Methods:</b> Based on a machine learning algorithm, the proposed acoustic detection system classifies the sound of the ball's impact on the racket and the ground to measure the time between them and give immediate feedback to the player. We performed trials with expert and amateur players in controlled settings. <b>Results:</b> The ML algorithm showed a detection accuracy higher than 95%, while the average accuracy of the whole system that was applied on-court was 85%. Moreover, this system has proven effective in evaluating the technical skills of a group of players on the court and highlighting their areas for improvement, showing significant potential for practical applications in player training and performance analysis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Quantitatively assessing timing offers a new perspective for coaches and players to improve performance and technique, providing objective data to set training regimens and optimize game strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Role of Physical Fitness Level Against Obesity and Body Dissatisfaction in French-Canadian Youth.","authors":"Mario Leone, Isabelle Thibault, Hung Tien Bui, Emilia Kalinova, Jean Lemoyne, Dominic Gagnon, Georges Larivière, Maxime Allisse","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The obesity epidemic among adolescents significantly impacts not only their physical health but also various psychological factors, including their perception of body image. Thus, this study pursued three main objectives: (1) to update the reference standard values for all the physical fitness tests performed; (2) to examine the impact of overweight and obesity on factors influencing physical fitness in adolescents; and (3) to determine the relationship between the physical fitness level and the body image dissatisfaction among a population of French-Canadian adolescents. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 1862 adolescents aged 12 to 17 (1008 boys and 854 girls) participated in this study. Data were collected from 12 French-language high-schools from different socioeconomic backgrounds and spread across four regions of the province of Québec, Canada. Anthropometric measures (body mass, body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio) and fitness tests (aerobic power, anaerobic power, muscle endurance, muscular power, flexibility) were conducted. To assess adolescents' body perception, a silhouette scale was used. <b>Results</b>: Standardized normative values were established for each fitness test (Lambda Mu Sigma; LMS method). In boys, performance generally improved with age, except for the V-test and sit-ups, which remained stable, and VO₂peak, which declined during adolescence in both genders (unpaired <i>t</i>-test and Cohen's d effect size). In girls, only the vertical jump and 30 m sprint improved with age, while the other tests stabilized by age 13. Fitness level was significantly influenced by obesity status. Boys and girls with a normal BMI performed better than those who were overweight or obese (ANOVA = <i>p</i> < 0.001 and effect size <i>F</i>). Girls appeared to be less affected by obesity status, with differences between overweight and obese groups rarely being significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Fitness level was also linked to body satisfaction, with satisfied adolescents generally achieving better scores than dissatisfied ones, even among those with a typical BMI. Socioeconomic status did not impact body image perception in boys (<i>p</i> = 0.351). In contrast, girls from lower socioeconomic backgrounds exhibited significantly more negative perceptions (<i>p</i> = 0.002) than their peers from more affluent families. <b>Conclusions</b>: Obesity status is strongly associated with poorer performance on fitness tests. Conversely, higher levels of physical fitness are linked to improved body image satisfaction. This positive relationship between fitness and body image holds true even for individuals with a healthy body weight (typical BMI).</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Six Weeks of Training with Wearable Resistance Attached to the Forearm on Throwing Kinematics, Strength, and Velocity in Female Handball Players.","authors":"Andrea Bao Fredriksen, Roland van den Tillaar","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of training with wearable resistance attached to the forearm on throwing kinematics, strength, and velocity in experienced female handball players. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-five female handball players (mean age: 24.7 ± 3.8 y, mass: 72.1 ± 17.6 kg, height: 1.69 ± 0.06 m, and training experience: 14.3 ± 4.9 y) participated and were divided into an experimental group (<i>n</i> = 14) or a control group (<i>n</i> = 11). Both groups participated in the same handball sessions, but the experimental group trained with wearable resistance attached to the forearm during the training sessions. Before and after a training period of six weeks, throwing velocity, strength, and kinematics were tested. <b>Results:</b> The throwing velocity was significantly increased in the experimental group but not in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Only a few significant kinematic changes were observed, mostly around ball release, in which both groups had increased elbow flexion. The experimental group had a larger shoulder flexion at ball release and a more flexed wrist (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04). Meanwhile, the control group had a lower shoulder abduction after the training period (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.023). No significant effects were found in the maximal angular velocities, timing of joint angles, angular velocities and in the strength test (<i>p</i> > 0.075). <b>Conclusions:</b> Based on the findings in this present study, it was concluded that training with wearable resistance attached to the forearm increases throwing velocity during the competition season compared to normal throwing training, which was probably caused by the changes in maximal elbow angle and extension velocity and the more flexed wrist at ball release.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Validity Measures of the Patellofemoral Subscale KOOS-PF in Greek Patients with Patellofemoral Pain.","authors":"Ioannis Moros, Eleni C Boutsikari, George Plakoutsis, Elefterios Paraskevopoulos, George A Koumantakis, Maria Papandreou","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most common multifactorial musculoskeletal pathologies affecting the knee joint. The prevalence of PFP in the general population ranges from 11% to 17%, with higher rates observed in specific groups such as females, runners, military personnel, and young athletes. To assess symptoms associated with PFP, the patellofemoral subscale (KOOS-PF) was developed, consisting of 11 questions that evaluate pain, stiffness, and quality of life. The KOOS-PF scale has already been validated and shown to be reliable in both its Spanish and Arabic versions. <b>Objectives</b>: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the KOOS-PF scale in the Greek language among the Greek population with patellofemoral pain. <b>Methods</b>: Fifty-five participants aged 18-65 years who suffered from PFP were evaluated in two phases on the first and third days to determine the reliability and validity of the measures of KOOS-PF in the Greek language. Construct validity was assessed using the knee outcome survey scale-activities of daily living scale (KOS-ADLS). Reliability was measured through repeated measurements (test-retest) using intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable difference (SDD). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's coefficient a. The significance level was set at 5% (α = 0.05). <b>Results</b>: The KOOS-PF measures showed high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.87, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.05, SEM = 3.7, SDC = 13.57). Additionally, the Greek version of the KOOS-PF exhibited high construct validity when correlated with the KOS-ADLS scale (r = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: The KOOS-PF scale displayed high reliability and construct validity for measuring patellofemoral pain in the Greek population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Step Length and Stride Variation During Forward Lunges on Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity.","authors":"Rafael F Escamilla, Irwin S Thompson, Robert Asuncion, Jacqueline Bravo, Tiffany Chang, Taylor Fournier, Hannah Garcia, Emily Hockenbery, Kyle Nagasawa, Joan Ozor, Hannah Snoeberger, Kevin E Wilk, Mario Bizzini","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010042","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010042","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The forward lunge is a closed-chain weight-bearing multi-joint exercise simulating the activities of daily living, such as walking or stair climbing, which mainly activates hip, knee, and ankle musculature and is also used by athletes and other individuals to train lower-extremity musculature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study is to compare lower-extremity muscle recruitment patterns between stride and step length variations in forward lunges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty participants had a mean (±SD) age, mass, and height of 26 ± 6 y, 79 ± 8 kg, and 176 ± 7 cm, respectively, for males, and 27 ± 4 y, 62 ± 6 kg, and 161 ± 7 cm, respectively, for females. All participants used their 12-repetition maximum weight while performing a short step and long step forward lunge with a stride (striding forward and pushing back to the starting position) and without a stride (lunging up and down with feet stationary). During each lunge variation, surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, hip adductors, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius muscles, and then normalized as a percent of each muscle's maximum voluntary isometric contraction. A repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was employed (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), with step length and stride comprising the two factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The following had no significant interactions: (1) quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, hip adductor, and gluteus maximus EMG activities were significantly greater in lunges with a long step compared to lunges with a short step; and (2) gluteus maximus and gluteus medius EMG activities were significantly greater in lunges with a stride compared to lunges without a stride. The following had significant interactions: (1) gluteus medius EMG activities were significantly greater in lunges with a long step with and without a stride compared to lunges with a short step with and without a stride; (2) quadriceps EMG activities were generally significantly greater in lunges with long and short steps with a stride compared to lunges with long and short steps without a stride, in lunges with a long step with a stride compared to lunges with a short step with a stride, and in lunges with a short step without a stride compared to lunges with a long step without a stride; (3) hamstring and hip adductor EMG activities were significantly greater in lunges with a long step with a stride compared to lunges with a long step without a stride, and in lunges with a long step with and without a stride compared to lunges with a short step with and without a stride; and (4) gastrocnemius EMG activities were significantly greater in lunges with a long step with and without a stride compared to lunges with a short step with and without a stride.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Lower-extremity muscle activity is generally greater in forward lunges with a long st","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue \"Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders-5th Edition\".","authors":"Giuseppe Musumeci","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fifth edition of the Special Issue entitled \"Role of Exercises in Musculoskeletal Disorders\" has been concluded and has found considerable success with fourteen papers published [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Combined Vibration Ergometry and Botulinum Toxin on Gait Improvement in Asymmetric Lower Limb Spasticity: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Harald Hefter, Dietmar Rosenthal, Sara Samadzadeh","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10010041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10010041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) injections and the new vibration ergometry training (VET) are studied for their combined effect on improving functional mobility in patients with asymmetric lower limb spasticity. <b>Method:</b> Gait was analyzed using the Infotronic^® system, which measures ground reaction forces and foot contact patterns by means of special force-sensitive shoes strapped over feet or street shoes. Gait was measured several times, depending on the protocol patients underwent. Seven patients with asymmetric lower limb spasticity were analyzed according to the control protocol (CG-group): after a baseline walk of 20 m (NV-W1) patients received their routine BoNT/A injection and had to walk the same distance a second time (NV-W2). Approximately 3-5 weeks later, they had to walk a third time (NV-W3). A further seven patients (VG-group) were analyzed according to the vibration protocol: after a baseline walk (V-W1), patients underwent a first vibration training (VET1), walked a second time (V-W2), received their routine BoNT/A injection, and walked a third time (V-W3). About four weeks later, they had to walk again (V-W4), received another vibration training (VET3), and walked a fifth time (V-W5). At least six months after the analysis according to the vibration protocol, these patients were also analyzed according to the control protocol. Eleven gait parameters were compared between the CG- and VG-group, and within the VG-group. <b>Result:</b> Patients in the VG-group experienced a significant improvement in gait four weeks after BoNT/A injection, unlike the patients in the CG-group. VG-patients also showed improved gait after two VET sessions. However, there was no further functional improvement of gait when BoNT/A injections and VET sessions were combined. <b>Conclusions:</b> BoNT/A injections enhance functional mobility in patients with mild asymmetric leg spasticity. VET also induces an immediate gait improvement and offers a further treatment approach for leg spasticity. Whether combining BoNT treatment and vibration training offers superior outcomes compared to either treatment alone requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}