Differences in the Relative External Load Demands of Pre-Competitive Warm-Ups and Official Matches in Semi-Professional Football Players: A Pilot Study Considering Specific Positions.

IF 2.5 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
José María Escudero-Ferrer, Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda, Manuel Sanz-Matesanz, Konstantinos Spyrou, Pedro E Alcaraz, Javier Raya-González
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: A pre-competition warm-up is considered a key strategy for optimising physical preparedness and potentially reducing injury risks in football. Programmes such as FIFA 11+ have demonstrated efficacy in this regard. Its effectiveness depends on alignment with match demands. This study compares the relative external load demands of warm-ups and matches in semi-professional football players, focusing on positional differences. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether warm-ups adequately prepare players for match demands and to explore positional variations. Methods: This is a retrospective study that analysed 19 semi-professional male players during the 2023/2024 season. External load demands (m/min) were measured using a GPS, covering the total distance (TD), speed zones (DZ1-DZ5), accelerations (ACCs), and decelerations (DECs). Paired t-tests and effect size calculations compared team-wide and position-specific demands. Results: Match demands significantly exceeded warm-up demands across all distance-related variables, except for DZ1 (67.06 vs. 66.40 m/min for warm-ups and games, respectively). The greatest differences were observed in TD (80.73 vs. 107.12 m/min; -26.39%) and DZ2-DZ3 (-17.42 and -4.89%, respectively). A positional analysis revealed that concerning DZ1, midfielders covered more distance during competitions (67.62 vs. 65.04 m/min; -2.58%), while full-backs covered more during the pre-competition warm-up (69.01 vs. 66.86 m/min; 2.14%). Additionally, midfielders, wingers, and forwards experienced higher match demands in DECs (1.04; 1.12, and 1.18 nº/min; range = 0.23-3.13%), whereas central defenders showed higher values during the pre-competition warm-up (1.14 nº/min; 0.13%). No significant differences were found for ACCs across any position; however, central defenders showed higher nº ACCs during warm-up (1.04 vs. 0.97 nº/min). Conclusions: These findings enable clubs and coaches to redesign their warm-up protocols to align as closely as possible with the demands of matches, particularly in high-speed zones, to enhance readiness, thereby increasing the effectiveness of warm-ups in football competitions. Additionally, this approach allows for the individualisation of warm-up routines based on the player's specific position.

半职业足球运动员赛前热身与正式比赛相对外负荷需求差异:考虑特定位置的先导研究
背景:赛前热身被认为是优化身体准备和潜在地减少足球受伤风险的关键策略。像FIFA 11+这样的项目已经证明了在这方面的有效性。它的有效性取决于与匹配需求的一致性。本研究比较了半职业足球运动员热身和比赛时的相对外负荷需求,重点关注位置差异。目的:本研究的目的是评估热身是否充分准备球员的比赛需求,并探讨位置变化。方法:对2023/2024赛季19名半职业男性运动员进行回顾性分析。使用GPS测量外部负载需求(m/min),包括总距离(TD)、速度区(DZ1-DZ5)、加速度(ACCs)和减速(DECs)。配对t检验和效应大小计算比较了整个团队和特定职位的需求。结果:除了DZ1,比赛需求在所有与距离相关的变量中显著超过热身需求(热身和比赛分别为67.06和66.40 m/min)。差异最大的是TD (80.73 vs. 107.12 m/min;-26.39%)和DZ2-DZ3(分别为-17.42和-4.89%)。位置分析显示,对于DZ1,中场球员在比赛中跑动的距离更多(67.62比65.04 m/min);-2.58%),而边后卫在赛前热身时的跑动更多(69.01比66.86 m/min;2.14%)。此外,中场,边锋和前锋在DECs中经历了更高的比赛需求(1.04;1.12、1.18 nº/min;范围= 0.23-3.13%),而中后卫在赛前热身时表现出更高的数值(1.14 nº/min;0.13%)。不同位置的ACCs无显著差异;然而,中后卫在热身时表现出更高的nºacc(1.04比0.97 nº/min)。结论:这些发现使俱乐部和教练能够重新设计他们的热身协议,以尽可能地与比赛要求保持一致,特别是在高速区域,以增强准备,从而提高足球比赛中热身的有效性。此外,这种方法允许根据球员的具体位置进行个性化的热身程序。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Health Professions-Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
94
审稿时长
12 weeks
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