Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Pickleball for Improving Mood in First-Year University Students-A Pilot Study in Japan.","authors":"Max Nghiem Lee, Michael Benjamin Fung, Goichi Hagiwara","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030352","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Pickleball has gained global popularity as a socially engaging and accessible sport, but little is known about its short-term psychological effects on younger populations, particularly university students. This pilot study examines whether participation in a pickleball class during a university course produces immediate mood improvements among Japanese first-year students. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 106 sports science students (75 men and 31 women; <i>M</i> = 18.44, <i>SD</i> = 0.55) participated in a 100 min pickleball tournament. Mood states were measured pre- and post-activity using a Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (TDMS) to assess vitality, stability, pleasure, and arousal. A mixed-design ANOVA (time × gender) was used for analysis. <b>Results</b>: A significant main effect of time was found for vitality (<i>F</i>(1,103) = 4.97, <i>p</i> = 0.028, <i>η</i>² = 0.046), indicating improved vitality after participation. Other mood indices showed positive but non-significant trends (pleasure: <i>p</i> = 0.127; arousal: <i>p</i> = 0.067; stability: <i>p</i> = 0.812). No significant main effects of gender or time × gender interactions were observed. Qualitative responses supported these findings, with 64% of participants describing the activity as \"fun\" or \"good\" and 24% referencing social themes such as \"cooperation\" and \"exchange\". <b>Conclusions</b>: Short-term participation in pickleball during a university class improved vitality and fostered social enjoyment among first-year students, with broadly similar benefits for men and women. As a pilot study, the findings highlight pickleball's potential as a low-barrier, socially interactive activity to support students' mental health in educational settings, although future studies with diverse samples and controlled designs are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery After an Official Soccer Match: An Analysis of Markers of Muscle Damage and Oxidative Stress, and Endocrine, Neuromuscular and Perceptual Responses.","authors":"Diego Marqués-Jiménez, Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez, José M Izquierdo, José Losa-Reyna, Domingo Machuca Calvo, Jorge López-López, Daniel Castillo","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030351","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This study analysed the recovery process after an official soccer match by monitoring changes in markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress, and endocrine, neuromuscular, and perceptual responses. <b>Methods</b>: This repeated-measures observational study included thirteen male amateur soccer players. Blood biomarkers, neuromuscular performance in countermovement jump, and perceived wellness were measured at four time-points: the morning of the match-day, immediately post-, and 24 h and 48 h post-match. <b>Results</b>: Except for CK, which remained elevated at 48 h post-match, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, uric acid, testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone to cortisol ratio returned to baseline between 24 h and 48 h post-match (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Jump height was significantly decreased at 24 h and 48 h post-match, while peak rate of force development and other countermovement jump time-based metrics (i.e., time to take off, time to peak force, reactive strength index modified, flight time to contraction time ratio) were impaired immediately after the match and recovered earlier (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Peak values for perceived fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness were observed immediately post- and at 24 h post-match, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: While certain physiological, neuromuscular, and perceptual changes may return to baseline levels within 24 h or 48 h post-match, amateur soccer players still manifest exercise-induced muscle damage symptoms and can be considered fatigued after a 48 h recovery period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Blood Pressure Changes Following Resistance Exercise in Adults with Hypertension.","authors":"Luis A Benavides-Roca, Germán Parra, Antonio R Zamunér","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030349","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to determine the acute effects of specific exercises, commonly used in resistance training programs, performed at two intensities (low and high) with equal volume, on blood pressure in individuals with pharmacologically controlled hypertension. <b>Methods</b>: A crossover clinical trial was conducted with 26 participants with hypertension, each completing two resistance training sessions, one low-intensity and one high-intensity, including squats, rows, deadlifts, and bench presses. The exercise intensity for the first session was randomly assigned, and blood pressure was measured using an automated device before and immediately after each exercise. Comparisons between baseline and post-exercise values were analyzed, with a significance level set at 5%. <b>Results</b>: The results showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased during squats, rows, and deadlifts compared to baseline, with the deadlift producing the highest values. For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), no significant differences were observed from baseline, but the squat and deadlift elicited higher values than the rows and bench press. Additionally, high-intensity training resulted in lower DBP values compared to the low-intensity protocol. <b>Conclusion</b>: Resistance exercise increases SBP regardless of intensity, with the squat and deadlift producing the most significant changes, while high-intensity training leads to lower DBP values than low-intensity protocols in the studied participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a 24-Week Workplace Physical Activity Program on Oxidative Stress Markers, Metabolic Health, and Physical Fitness: A Pilot Study in a Real-World Academic Setting.","authors":"Gabriele Maisto, Maria Scatigna, Simona Delle Monache, Maria Francesca Coppolino, Lorenzo Pugliese, Anna Maria Sponta, Loreta Tobia, Elio Tolli, Pierfrancesco Zito, Valerio Bonavolontà, Leila Fabiani, Chiara Tuccella, Maria Giulia Vinciguerra","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030348","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Previous studies showed that workplace physical activity programs (WPAPs) could improve general health among employees. However, there is a lack of correlation between oxidative redox status and the metabolic and physical fitness (PF) of workers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the improvements of a 24-week combined circuit training and mobility training program on PF, oxidative redox status, and metabolic parameters on healthy academic employees. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-six university employees (52.8 ± 11.5 years) followed a 24-week WPAP composed of two circuit training sessions and one mobility training session per week. PF components were assessed through one leg stand, shoulder/neck mobility, handgrip, dynamic sit-up, jump and reach, and 2-Minute step test (2MST). Oxidative stress and antioxidant potential were evaluated through derived-Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests, respectively. Metabolic measurements included total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose. All assessments were conducted at baseline and after 24 weeks. <b>Results</b>: D-ROM values increased significantly likely due to an acute adaptive response to exercise and a stable BAP/d-ROM ratio was maintained. At baseline, subjects with higher 2MST scores showed a better BAP/d-ROM ratio compared to those with lower 2MST scores, which was also associated with normal weight status (<i>p</i> < 0.05), healthy values of triglycerides (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and LDL-C (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Excluding statin-treated subjects, an intriguing shift toward a condition of enhanced antioxidant capacity was observed. <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, the 24-week WPAP improved metabolic health and maintained redox balance, despite increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Statin supplementation may have hidden antioxidant adaptations to physical exercise, an intriguing observation that warrants further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notational Analysis of the Final Matches of the 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships.","authors":"Francesca Martusciello, Andrea Perazzetti, Arben Kaçurri, Marco Consolati, Antonio Tessitore","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030350","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Recently, elite women's boxing has undergone significant structural and regulatory changes, including the adoption of the 3 × 3-min-bout format and expanded Olympic categories. Despite increased female participation, scientific literature remains predominantly focused on male athletes. This study aimed to identify the technical and tactical actions that distinguish winner from loser boxers in elite amateur women's boxing by analysing the final matches of the 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships. <b>Methods</b>: Twelve final bouts (one per weight-category) were analysed using a customised notational framework based on the offensive-defensive interaction cycle. A total of 1323 offensive and 1456 defensive actions were recorded and categorised using Kinovea (0.9.5 release) software and an Excel dashboard. Offensive Effectiveness Ratio (OER) and Defensive Effectiveness Ratio (DER) were calculated, and Chi-square tests with standardised residuals were applied to detect associations between action types and bout outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Winners performed fewer offensive actions (n = 635) than losers (n = 688) but demonstrated significantly higher OER across all rounds (W: 0.39-0.38-0.39; L: 0.26-0.28-0.29). Winners landed more punches to the head and made greater use of rear-hand hooks and uppercuts. Pivoting and shifting back, particularly when followed by counterattacks, were significantly associated with winners (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Conversely, parrying and single counterpunches were linked to losing outcomes. DER values suggested superior defensive efficiency among winners. <b>Conclusions</b>: Winner boxers showed superior technical effectiveness, selective use of single and rear-hand punches and used more dynamic defensive strategies. These findings support using notational analysis in high-performance coaching and emphasise the need for more research on elite female combat athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of Lower Limb with Variable Resistance Back Squat at Different Depths.","authors":"Choon Yeow Ng, Danny Lum","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030347","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared the acute effect of performing quarter (QS) and parallel (PS) squat with variable resistance (VR) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen resistance trained athletes (age: 27.0 ± 3.7 years, bodyweight: 68.4 ± 7.7 kg, height: 169.7 ± 6.9 cm) performed either the QS or PS to induce post-activation performance enhancement on two separate occasions. During each session, participants performed three repetitions of baseline CMJ prior to performing three repetitions of either QS or PS at their three-repetition maximum load. Participants then performed the post-test CMJ after a five-minute recovery period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both conditions resulted in increased jump height (QS: <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 0.19, PS: <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 0.35). Countermovement depth and time to take-off were significantly decreased in QS (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 0.63 and <i>p</i> = 0.005, <i>g</i> = 0.30, respectively) but significantly increased in PS (<i>p</i> = 0.027, <i>g</i> = 0.39 and <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 0.36, respectively). Mean propulsion force was significantly increased in QS (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 0.23) but significantly decreased in PS (<i>p</i> = 0.083, <i>g</i> = 0.13). PS resulted in greater change in jump height (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 1.34) and time to take-off (<i>p</i> = 0.005, <i>g</i> = 1.25), while QS resulted in greater change in countermovement depth (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 2.33) and mean propulsion force (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 1.67).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that performing PS and QS with VR was effective in enhancing CMJ height. However, the two conditions resulted in participants adopting different jump strategies when performing the post-test CMJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyographic Analysis of Back Muscle Activation During Lat Pulldown Exercise: Effects of Grip Variations and Forearm Orientation.","authors":"Andrea Buonsenso, Domenico Di Fonza, Gloria Di Claudio, Massimiliano Carangelo, Marco Centorbi, Alessandra di Cagno, Giuseppe Calcagno, Giovanni Fiorilli","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030345","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The lat pulldown machine is one of the most versatile pieces of equipment for back strengthening, allowing variations in grip and load. However, there are significant gaps in the literature regarding the relationship between exercise modality and specific muscle activation. <b>Methods</b>: This study examined the electromyographic (EMG) activity of major back muscles during seven lat pulldown exercise variants that differed in grip type, width, and trunk inclination. Forty male subjects, with at least 5 years of resistance training experience, performed five repetitions of lat pulldown exercise using 70% of their repetition maximum. Prior to the surface EMG analysis, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests were performed for each muscle group analysed, specifically the latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid, brachial biceps, middle and lower trapezium, and infraspinatus. The normalised root mean square of the EMG (NrmsEMG) activity for each muscle was recorded during full, concentric, and eccentric movements. <b>Results</b>: Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed no significant difference in the NrmsEMG muscle activation across the different lat pulldown exercise variations (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). A significant difference was found in the posterior deltoid where the wide-pronated grip with a 30° trunk inclination showed greater EMG activation compared to the wide pronated grip (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and wide neutral grip (<i>p</i> = 0.017). <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that grip variations may not significantly alter latissimus dorsi recruitment, challenging the assumption that grip effectiveness targets this muscle. The results highlight the need for individualised approaches to exercise selection, given the variability in muscle activation patterns observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Metabolic and Pulmonary Variables Between Real-Life and Mixed Reality Pickleball.","authors":"Setareh Zarei, Matahn Blank, Jamaal Bovell, Dustin W Davis, Jacob Baca, Michael W H Wong, Brett Abarbanel, James W Navalta","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030346","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Pickleball is one of the fastest growing sports, and the use of virtual reality is also fast growing. Because the physiological responses in real life (IRL) vs. virtual reality are unknown, the purpose of this research was to compare heart rate, metabolic and pulmonary measures IRL vs. mixed reality (MR) during pickleball activity. <b>Methods</b>: Eleven adult participants were outfitted with a portable metabolic unit, heart rate monitor, and virtual reality headsets. Participants played simulated pickleball for 5 min IRL and 5 min in MR. Dependent variables included average heart rate (HR [beats per minute (bpm)], ventilation (VE [L/min]), tidal volume (VT [L]), respiratory frequency (Rf [breaths per min]), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), percent of calories from fat (FAT%), percent of calories from carbohydrate (CHO%), energy expenditure (EE [kilocalorie (kcal]), and VO₂ (mL/kg/min). Data were analyzed using paired <i>t</i>-tests with significance accepted at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Effect size measurements were determined by interpretation of small (<i>d</i> = 0.2), medium (<i>d</i> = 0.5), and large (<i>d</i> = 0.8). <b>Results</b>: All metabolic and pulmonary variables except for FAT% were higher during IRL when compared with MR with effect sizes ranging from median to large. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this study provide evidence that playing pickleball IRL results in greater physiological responses in comparison to MR. Since MR demands less exertion and substrate use than IRL this result can be beneficial for training purposes with the added potential of reduced injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Isometric Contraction Distribution on Jump Performance in Volleyball Players.","authors":"Jonatan Helbin, Dawid Gawel, Artur Terbalyan, Michal Wilk, Michal Krzysztofik, Danny Lum, Jakub Jarosz","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030343","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study evaluated how different distributions of isometric conditioning activity (ICA) durations affect countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in highly trained male volleyball players compared to a control condition (CTRL). <b>Methods:</b> Twelve participants performed CTRL and three ICA protocols in a half-back squat: 9 s (3 × 1 × 3 s), 27 s (3 × 3 × 3 s), and 45 s (3 × 5 × 3 s). CMJ height was measured before and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min post ICA. <b>Results:</b> A two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed significant main effects of time (F = 3.820; <i>p</i> = 0.009) and condition (F = 6.451; <i>p</i> = 0.001), with no significant interaction (F = 1.484; <i>p</i> = 0.138). Post hoc analysis indicated significant CMJ height increases at 9 min [mean difference (MD) = 5.1 ± 0.6 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.045] and 12 min (MD = 6.0 ± 1.4 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.010) post ICA. Moreover, CMJ height was significantly greater in the 27 s (MD = 10.0 ± 0.6 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and 45 s (MD = 7.3 ± 2.0 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.035) conditions compared to the 9 s protocol. <b>Conclusions:</b> Incorporating ICAs of 9 s or 45 s into warm-up routines can enhance CMJ performance, although these durations may elicit different neuromuscular adaptations and movement strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Aerobic Capacity on Mechanical Variables in Track Sprinters and Middle-Distance Runners: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Nikolaos P Belechris, Gregory C Bogdanis, Elias Zacharogiannis, Athanasios Tsoukos, Giorgos Paradisis","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10030342","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10030342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study examined the impact of aerobic capacity on force-velocity (F-v) variables and repeated-sprint (RS) performance in male national-level sprinters (SPRs, <i>n</i> = 8; 177.0 ± 4.3 cm; 74.0 ± 5.0 kg; maximal oxygen uptake [VO₂max]: 55.4 ± 3.0 mL/kg/min) and middle-distance runners (MDRs; <i>n</i> = 8; 179.0 ± 5.1 cm; 67.2 ± 5.0 kg; VO₂max: 64.3 ± 3.3 mL/kg/min). <b>Method:</b> Participants underwent assessments of aerobic capacity, mechanical F-v profiling in sprinting 2 × 60 m with full recovery, and a 10 × 60 m repeated-sprint test with 30 s recovery. <b>Results:</b> MDRs exhibited significantly higher VO₂max (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and speed at VO₂max (vVO₂max, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while SPRs demonstrated greater anaerobic speed reserve (ASR, <i>p</i> < 0.001), maximal theoretical horizontal force (F₀, <i>p</i> = 0.012), and power output (P_max, <i>p</i> < 0.01). During the RS test, SPRs displayed a 16.6% performance decrement (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and failed to complete all sprints with voluntary withdrawal after 5-8 sprints due to exhaustion, whereas MDRs maintained consistent performance. SPRs exhibited a larger decrease in v₀ compared to MDRs (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas no differences were observed on F₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.519) and P_max (<i>p</i> = 0.758). Blood lactate accumulation was higher in SPRs (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis on the pooled sample identified vVO₂max (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and not ASR (<i>p</i> = 0.482) as a key predictor of fatigue resistance. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings underscore the critical role of aerobic capacity in sustaining RS performance. Aerobic capacity, specifically vVO₂max, emerged as the primary determinant of fatigue resistance during repeated sprints, underscoring its critical role in sustaining RS performance over mechanical variables such as v₀ but not F₀ and P_max.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}