Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Physical, Tactical, Emotional, and Mood Characteristics of Under-13 Soccer Players by Performance Level.","authors":"Aura D Montenegro Bonilla, Sergio D Rodríguez Pachón, Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, José M Gamonales, Markel Rico-González, José Pino-Ortega, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Rodrigo Yánez-Sepúlveda, José Francisco López-Gil, Boryi A Becerra Patiño","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives</b>: Soccer is a sport characterized by various unpredictable situations in which physical abilities are associated with athletic performance. There are several capabilities that young soccer players must develop to adapt to the needs of the competition. This study analyzes the physical characteristics, tactical knowledge, emotional intelligence, and mood states of youth soccer players at different competitive levels. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: The sample consisted of 36 male soccer players with an average age of 12.65 ± 0.48 years, weight of 44.92 ± 7.49 kg, and height of 157.2 ± 0.08 cm. A cross-sectional correlational study design was selected. Inferential analysis was conducted via the RV coefficient to assess relationships between groups. Two-sample tests (Student's <i>t</i> test or the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test) were used to assess the distribution of the samples. Standardized mean differences (i.e., Cohen's <i>d</i>) were calculated as effect sizes. <b>Results</b>: For the yo-yo intermittent endurance test level 1, the Premier category showed higher speed (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = 0.40) and superior estimated VO_2max (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = -0.91). The statistically significant variables included the hamstring strength exercise of the hamstrings for the angle of rupture (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>d</i> = -0.04, <i>d</i> = -0.72), the COD-Timer 5-0-5 for contact time-5-0-5 (ms) (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>d</i> = 0.69) and 10 m-5-0-5 (s) (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>d</i> = 0.79), tactical knowledge of in-game performance (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = -1.19), support level (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = -1.27), decision-making ability (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = 0.59), melancholy (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = 0.59), confusion (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>d</i> = 0.56), and emotional intelligence (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>d</i> = 0.77). The Premier category presented slightly higher averages than did category A. In the assessment of running-based anaerobic sprint test power (<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.83) and mood states (<i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.59), players in category A presented higher results. <b>Conclusions</b>: The performance capacity of youth soccer players encompasses a multidimensional complexity that includes physical, tactical, emotional, and psychological aspects, which vary among players of the same age.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Digital Devices on Children's Health: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Valentina Presta, Alessandro Guarnieri, Fabiana Laurenti, Salvatore Mazzei, Maria Luisa Arcari, Prisco Mirandola, Marco Vitale, Michael Yong Hwa Chia, Giancarlo Condello, Giuliana Gobbi","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of prolonged digital device exposure on physical and mental health in children has been widely investigated by the scientific community. Additionally, the lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic further exposed children to screen time for e-learning activities. The aim of this systematic review (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022315596) was to evaluate the effect of digital device exposure on children's health. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was additionally explored to verify the further exposure of children due to the e-learning environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Available online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, BASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for study selection. The PICO model was followed by including a target population of children aged 2 to 12 years, exposed or not to any type of digital devices, while evaluating changes in both physical and mental health outcomes. The quality assessment was conducted by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines were followed to provide data synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty studies with a total sample of 75,540 children were included in this systematic review. The study design was mainly cross-sectional (n = 28) and of moderate quality (n = 33). Overall, the quality score was reduced due to recall, selection, and detection biases; blinding procedures influenced the quality score of controlled trials, and outcome validity reduced the quality score of cohort studies. Digital device exposure affected physical activity engagement and adiposity parameters; sleep and behavioral problems emerged in children overexposed to digital devices. Ocular conditions were also reported and associated with higher screen exposure. Home confinement during COVID-19 further increased digital device exposure with additional negative effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prolonged use of digital devices has a significant negative impact on children aged 2 to 12, leading to decreased physical activity, sleep disturbances, behavioral issues, lower academic performance, socioemotional challenges, and eye strain, particularly following extended online learning during lockdowns.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Exercise Performance in Patients During a 6-Week Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program and Associated Effects on Depressive Symptoms.","authors":"Philipp Birnbaumer, Claudia Traunmüller, Christian Natmessnig, Birgit Senft, Caroline Jaritz, Sigurd Hochfellner, Andreas Schwerdtfeger, Peter Hofmann","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The impact of exercise on affective disorders has been demonstrated in various studies. However, almost no data are available on performance effects. Therefore, this study investigated exercise performance related to the severity of depression symptoms in a pre-post within-subjects design in a 6-week standard inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation program. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 53 individuals (20 female; mean age, 40.98 ± 11.33) with a primary diagnosis of depression performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) to obtain maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max), maximal power output (P_max), and the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT₁, VT₂) at the start and the end of the rehabilitation. Degree of depression was assessed by Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory test (BSI). Overall activity was measured by accelerometer step-counts. <b>Results</b>: Mean total step-count per day during rehabilitation was high (12,586 ± 2819 steps/day). Patients' BDI and BSI at entry were 21.6 ± 8.83 and 65.1 ± 6.8, respectively, and decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) following rehabilitation, to 10.1 ± 9.5 and 54.5 ± 11.3, respectively. P_max and VO_2max increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) from entry values (182.6 ± 58.7 W, 29.74 ± 5.92 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) following rehabilitation: by 11.91 ± 12.09 W and 1.35 ± 2.78 mL·kg^-1·min^-1, respectively. VT₁ and VT₂ showed a similar behavior. An increase in physical performance could predict improvement in BDI (R² = 0.104, F(1,48) = 5.582, <i>p</i> = 0.022) but not in BSI. <b>Conclusions</b>: The program was associated with improved mental health status in all patients and increased performance in the majority of patients, although increases were small. Since improvements in exercise performance may be positively related to depression symptoms and comorbidities, it is recommended to individualize and tailor exercise programs, which could yield larger effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Handgrip Strength Using the Poincaré Plot Method Through Video Processing Techniques.","authors":"Constantin Ciucurel, Elena Ioana Iconaru","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the nonlinear dynamics of handgrip strength (HGS) in young adults, focusing on hand dominance, by employing the Poincaré plot method to assess short- and long-term variability utilizing dynamometry and video motion capture during sustained isometric contractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted on 30 healthy subjects (mean age 21.6 ± 1.3 years, 13 males and 17 females), measuring HGS for both the dominant hand (DH) and nondominant hand (NDH) using a Saehan hydraulic dynamometer during 25-s sustained isometric contractions. A GoPro HERO11 Black camera recorded the dynamometer's needle movements, and the video data were analyzed using Kinovea software. Angular values were converted to force using a calibration-based formula, and the Poincaré plot computed variability indices (short-term variability-SD₁, long-term variability-SD₂, ratio SD₁/SD₂, and area of the fitting ellipse) for each hand in relation to HGS and angular velocity (AV). Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated a strong correlation between mechanical and video measurements (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), confirming the reliability of the video method. The findings highlight the importance of nonlinear analysis in understanding neuromuscular function and fatigue, revealing significant correlations among HGS, AV, Poincaré indices, and fatigue levels in both hands (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Increased maximum HGS and AV correlated with higher nonlinear variability in force production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the reliability of the proposed video-based HGS assessment and demonstrates the effectiveness of Poincaré plot analysis for capturing nonlinear variability in HGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum Normalized Cycling Cadence to Increase Post-Cycling Gait Velocity.","authors":"Nitu Lama, Christopher J Keating, Paul T Donahue, Nuno Oliveira, Tanner A Thorsen","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has shown that increasing cycling cadence can result in improved post-cycling gait velocity. However, the specific threshold of cycling cadence required to bring about clinically meaningful changes in gait velocity remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the minimum increment in cycling cadence that would lead to a significant improvement in post-cycling gait velocity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 42 young adults participated in our study and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: TEN, TWENTY, and THIRTY. Each group was assigned to cycle at a cadence at the corresponding percentage higher than the participant's self-selected gait cadence. Each participant engaged in a 15-min cycling session at their respective assigned cycling cadence. Before and after cycling, participants completed a 10-meter walk test while spatiotemporal parameters of gait, ground reaction forces, lower extremity kinematics, and kinetics were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant changes in spatiotemporal, ground reaction force, kinematics, and kinetics variables pre- and post-cycling. However, there were both statistically significant (F(2,41) = 3.794, <i>p</i> = 0.031, η² = 0.604) and clinically meaningful changes (0.07 m/s) in post-cycling gait velocity in the THIRTY group only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This suggests that a cycling cadence of 30% or higher is the minimum requirement to produce a clinically significant improvement in gait velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the ActivaMotricidad Program on Improvements in Executive Functions and Interpersonal Relationships in Early Childhood Education.","authors":"Nuria Ureña Ortín, Iker Madinabeitia Cabrera, Francisco Alarcón López","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The objective of this study was to analyze the impacts of a comprehensive physical exercise program with cognitive involvement during the school day on the executive functions and interpersonal skills of 5- and 6-year-old children. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 68 children participated in a 3-week pre-post intervention. <b>Results</b>: The results showed significant improvements in executive functions and interpersonal skills under the experimental conditions compared to the control group. These positive effects were observed to persist after a three-week follow-up. <b>Conclusions</b>: Therefore, the ActivaMotricidad program, which focuses on developing fundamental motor skills through cognitive, cooperative, and coordinative challenges, can serve as a useful and low-cost tool to achieve the objectives of comprehensive development and sustainability for children in early childhood education.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength Training Among Male Master Cyclists-Practices, Challenges, and Rationales.","authors":"Vidar Vikestad, Terje Dalen","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cycling performance declines with age due to reduced aerobic capacity, along with reductions in muscle mass and bone density. Strength training can help counter these effects. This study aims to explore the strength training practices, challenges, and decision-making rationale of male master cyclists to optimize performance and health as they age. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 555 male master cyclists aged 35 and above completed an online questionnaire, distributed via social media platforms, that included Likert-type, single- and multiple-selection, and open-ended questions. Participants were then divided into two age groups: 35-49 years (n = 359) and ≥50 years (n = 196). Analyses involved descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and chi-square tests, with qualitative data analyzed using content analysis. <b>Results:</b> More cyclists engaged in strength training during the off-/pre-season, with a significant reduction in both frequency and the number of cyclists engaging in strength training during the race season. The strength training practice was focused mainly on core and lower body, employing hypertrophy and maximal strength training methods. Key challenges included fatigue induced by strength training and limited time to perform strength training. The main rationale for the strength training revolved around improving cycling performance, reducing injury risk, and the health benefits of strength training. Both age categories, but the older group in particular, reported bone health as a primary rationale for strength training. <b>Conclusions:</b> While strength training offers performance and health benefits, issues of fatigue and time constraints remain substantial, suggesting the need for tailored training programs to improve adherence and effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Physiological Adaptations in Vertical Kilometer Runners: Focus on Cardiorespiratory and Local Muscle Demands.","authors":"Pablo Jesús Bascuas, Héctor Gutiérrez, Eduardo Piedrafita, Ana Vanessa Bataller-Cervero, César Berzosa","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Research into key performance factors in trail running, particularly in vertical kilometer (VK) races, is crucial for effective training and periodization. However, recent studies on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during VK races, especially using field tests, are limited. <b>Objectives:</b> Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during a VK field test, identifying differences based on sex and performance level, as well as key performance factors and their deterioration due to fatigue. Fifteen trained trail runners (ten males and five females, 19 to 38 years old) perform a VK race. <b>Methods:</b> The global physiological response is evaluated using the portable gas analyzer Cosmed K5 and the local response using near-infrared spectroscopy technology. <b>Results</b>: In gender comparisons, the ANCOVA test shows significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the ventilation, tidal volume, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory flow rate, end-tidal CO₂ partial pressure, heart rate, oxygen pulse, and total hemoglobin. Additionally, the performance comparison reveals significant differences in the variables' velocity, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, dead space-to-tidal volume ratio, total time of the breathing cycle, expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio, inspiratory duty cycle, expiratory fractions of CO₂, quadriceps saturation index, and VE/VCO₂ ratio. Finally, the correlation analysis shows oxygen consumption (r = -0.80 mean; r = -0.72 peak), carbon dioxide production (r = -0.91 mean; r = -0.75 peak), expiratory time-to-inspiratory time ratio (r = 0.68 peak), ventilation (r = -0.58 mean), and quadriceps saturation index (r = 0.54 mean; r = -0.76 coefficient of variation) as the key performance factors in the VK race. <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, the physiological analysis indicates the importance of local muscular adaptations and respiratory system capacity in this type of short-duration race.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Physiological Adaptations Induced by Short-Interval High-Intensity Exercises: An RCT Comparing Active and Passive Recovery.","authors":"Mario Mauro, Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez, Pasqualino Maietta Latessa, Sofia Marini, Stefania Toselli","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the most debated methods involving several parameters that could be modulated, but the long-term adaptations it induces are still unclear. This investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of running and whole-body exercises with high-intensity (>80% heart rate) short intervals (30 s) in body composition and physical performance and compare the effects between groups with active (AR) or passive recovery (PR), both in males and females. <b>Methods</b>: Eighteen trained young adults (55.56% ♀) were randomly allocated to the PR (n = 9, 23.09 ± 2.56 years, 163.69 ± 9.88 cm, 68.96 ± 14.62 kg) or AR (n = 9, 22.05 ± 1.54 years, 170.61 ± 11.5 cm, 68.78 ± 12.45 kg) group. Both groups performed eight weeks of HIIT, with an equal progression, training, and volume load (TL: F = 1.55, <i>p</i> = 0.214; VL: F = 0.81, <i>p</i> = 0.505). Body fat (BF), fat-free mass (FFM), upper and lower limb fat (UFI, LFI) and muscle areas (UMA, LMA), handgrip strength (HGS), power (countermovement jump, CMJ), agility (5-0-5), and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O_2p) were tested before and after treatments. <b>Results</b>: The proposed HIIT reduced BF by 9.57% and increased FFM by 2.09%. Females reported better adaptations in LMA (8.34 times higher than males), while both sexes' upper limb mass distribution was better affected by PR (♀: UFI g = 1.851, 95% CI: 0.51, 3.14; ♂: UFI g = 2.456, 95% CI: 0.336, 4.487). Concerning conditioning, the protocol increased V˙O_2p by 6.47%. Females showed better adaptations in CMJ (RR = 1.8), while males showed better adaptations in agility (RR = 3.76). The interaction effects were significant for PR females (right = +6.28%; left = +9.28%) and for AR males (right = +19.21%; left = +19.04%) in HGS. <b>Conclusions</b>: Short-interval HIIT with different exercise recovery types may be a practical solution in training where several physiological improvements are needed. Coaches and trainers can take advantage of the versatile nature of HIIT, relying on desired movement patterns and long-term responses in both male and female individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Body Composition and Strength, Not Total Body Composition, Are Determinants of Performance in Climbers.","authors":"Fernando Carrasco, Maria Jose Arias-Tellez, Ignacio Solar-Altamirano, Jorge Inostroza, Gabriela Carrasco","doi":"10.3390/jfmk9040228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To compare the body composition of Chilean climbers of different performance levels and to determine the relation between the forearm and upper-trunk lean mass and the handgrip and upper-body traction strength, respectively. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was carried out on thirty Chilean male adult climbers (26.1 ± 4.9 y.): nine of intermediate level (L1), eleven advanced (L2), and ten elite (L3). Through dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA; Lunar Prodigy^®), fat mass percentage (FM%), total lean mass (LM), forearm lean mass (FLM), and upper-trunk lean mass (UTLM) were measured. Total muscle mass (TMM) was also estimated. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured with a Jamar^® dynamometer. Maximum upper-body traction strength (UBTS) was evaluated with a standardized movement. The level of climbing was assessed according to IRCRA rules. <b>Results:</b> No differences in FM%, total LM, UTLM, or TMM between the groups were found. Left and assistant FLM were significantly higher in L3 (<i>p</i> = 0.047 and 0.041, respectively). HGS absolute, relative, and adjusted by FLM were not different between groups. FLM was associated with HGS in all segments (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). UBTS absolute values, and as adjusted by TMM, were significantly higher in L3 (<i>p</i> = 0.047 and <i>p</i> = 0.049, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> Left and non-dominant forearm lean mass were significantly higher in elite climbers. Handgrip strength was not significantly higher in elite climbers; however, the upper-body traction strength was significantly higher in elite climbers, independent of total or regional muscle mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}