Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-Part II: Specific Performance Indicators.","authors":"Artur Terbalyan, Karol Skotniczny, Marcin Żak, Jakub Jarosz, Robert Roczniok","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) has been explored for its potential to improve performance in combat sports. This part II of the systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the acute effects of PAPE protocols on sport-specific performance outcomes and evaluated the influence of moderating variables, specifically competitive level and training experience. <b>Methods</b>: A PRISMA-guided search (2010-2024) identified 13 studies examining PAPE in combat sports athletes. Inclusion criteria required human trials using defined PAPE protocols and evaluating sport-specific tests, primarily the Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT-10) and the Taekwondo-Specific Agility Test (TSAT). A random-effects meta-analysis (Hedges' g) was conducted on data from 176 athletes. <b>Results</b>: The meta-analysis revealed a profound moderating effect of training status on PAPE responsiveness. For the FSKT-10, amateur athletes demonstrated large, significant improvements (g = 1.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas elite athletes showed trivial, non-significant changes (g = 0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.357). Similarly, athletes with <6 years of training experience exhibited substantially larger enhancements in both FSKT-10 (g = 1.60) and TSAT agility (g = -1.64) compared to their more experienced (>6 years) counterparts (g = 0.42 and g = -0.65, respectively). Furthermore, dynamic and biomechanically specific conditioning activities (e.g., repeated high-intensity techniques) were most effective at driving sport-specific potentiation. <b>Conclusions</b>: PAPE protocols may enhance acute sport-specific performance when utilizing dynamic, highly specific conditioning activities. However, a possible \"ceiling effect\" may blunt this potentiation in elite and highly experienced athletes, suggesting a potential need for highly individualized priming strategies at the top competitive levels, specifically in taekwondo.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Eccentric Metrics and Sprint Acceleration and Deceleration Performance in University Athletes.","authors":"Gregory Gordon, Taygan Nadar, Andrew Green","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Sprint performance, including acceleration, maximal velocity and deceleration, is crucial for athletic success in field and court-based sports; however, deceleration remains understudied despite its role in change of direction (COD) and match performance. <b>Methods</b>: This study addressed this gap by comparing eccentric metrics from countermovement jumps (CMJ), drop jumps (DJ) and the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) to 30 m sprint and deceleration ability in 28 university athletes (Age: 20 ± 1 years; Mass: 68 ± 9 kg; Height:166 ± 6 cm). Correlations were analysed with Pearson's r for normal data and Spearman's r for non-normal data. <b>Results</b>: Significant negative correlations were found between the CMJ and DJ heights and the modified reactive strength index (RSI_MOD), as well as the reactive strength index (RSI) with sprint time (r = -0.54 to -0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.05), while positive correlations were obtained with sprint velocity (r = 0.57 to 0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The eccentric mean forces from CMJs and DJs were positively correlated with sprint time and deceleration momentum (r = 0.62 to 0.84, <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between NHE eccentric force and any sprint or deceleration metrics. The CMJ and DJ heights, RSI and eccentric mean forces strongly predicted sprint time, velocity, and momentum, but not deceleration performance, highlighting the role of explosive power and reactive strength. The NHE eccentric force had no significant relationships with sprint or deceleration metrics. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results highlight that CMJ and DJ are effective predictors of sprint performance, while deceleration efficiency may rely on other biomechanical factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Percussive Therapy on Thigh Muscle Microcirculation and Oxygenation.","authors":"Vanessa Wellauer, Johannes Benrath, Rens Baeyens, Erich Hohenauer, Ron Clijsen","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Adequate muscle perfusion, particularly at the level of muscle microcirculation (MM), is essential for muscle function, recovery, and tissue health. Percussive therapy (PT) is increasingly used to support recovery and injury prevention and has shown consistent benefits for range of motion and perceived recovery. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms remain insufficiently understood, and evidence regarding its effects on MM is limited. This study investigated the acute effect of a single PT session on MM and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂). <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (24.2 ± 3.0 years) underwent a single PT application (two or four minutes) to the thigh using a handheld percussive device. MM, SmO₂, and the perceived somatosensory sensation (PSS) were assessed at baseline and at five-minute intervals up to 40 min post-application. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for age, lower-body fat percentage, and intervention duration. <b>Results</b>: A significant main effect of time was found for both MM and SmO₂. MM increased significantly compared to baseline from 5 to 15 min post-application (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), while SmO₂ increased immediately after PT and remained elevated throughout the 40-min observation period (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). PSS increased significantly during the first 20 min (all <i>p</i> < 0.02) before returning to baseline. <b>Conclusions</b>: A single PT application was associated with transient increases in MM and sustained elevations in SmO₂, along with associated subjective sensations. These time-associated changes suggest that PT may enhance local muscle perfusion and therefore contribute to the understanding of its physiological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology-Enhanced Exercise Training for Cardiometabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Iosif-Alexandros Kouidis, Pantazis Deligiannis, Anastasia Theofanous, Maria Anifanti, Evangelia Kouidi","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Μetabolic syndrome (MetS)-comprises central adiposity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, and dysglycaemia, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness and several MetS components, but real-world effectiveness is limited by poor adherence, restricted supervision, and insufficient personalisation. <b>Objective:</b> This scoping review mapped the clinical intervention evidence on technology-enhanced exercise and structured physical activity relevant to MetS, while distinguishing direct MetS evidence from translational evidence. <b>Methods</b>: In accordance with PRISMA-ScR, we searched PubMed and extended the search to Scopus and Web of Science; a supplementary IEEE Xplore search and a post hoc Embase check were also conducted. Eligible studies were interventions using web-based delivery, wearables, telemonitoring/mobile health (mHealth), artificial intelligence (AI) coaching, virtual reality (VR)/exergaming, or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) alongside exercise training or structured physical activity. <b>Results</b>: Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria. The evidence base was weighted toward wearable/app-based feedback and telemonitoring/mHealth/web-based approaches, with fewer studies on VR/exergaming, CGM-enabled exercise, and AI coaching. Most studies were randomised or cluster-randomised, but interventions were usually short term. Across categories, technology most consistently supported adherence, self-monitoring, accountability, remote supervision, and, in selected cases, physiology-informed personalisation. Direct MetS evidence was strongest for wearables with structured feedback, telemonitoring, mHealth, and web-based delivery, whereas AI coaching and CGM were supported by adjacent translational evidence. <b>Conclusions</b>: Technology-enhanced exercise and structured physical activity show promising but heterogeneous and still preliminary potential for MetS management. Key limitations include short follow-up, uneven representation across categories, inconsistent reporting of exercise dose/intensity fidelity and adverse events, and limited equity and implementation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport Expertise and Twitch-Derived Agonist-Antagonist Contractile Ratio in Karate Athletes.","authors":"Velimir Jeknic, Milivoj Dopsaj, Nenad Koropanovski","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: Agonist-antagonist coordination is traditionally defined as simultaneous neural activation assessed by electromyography (EMG). The present study adopts a mechanical perspective, examining twitch-derived contractile ratio indexes between antagonistic muscle groups using tensiomyography (TMG). The aim was to determine whether sport expertise differentiates mechanical agonist-antagonist coordination in karate athletes. <b>Methods</b>: Fifty male participants were divided into four groups: elite karate athletes (EK; <i>n</i> = 7), national team members (NK; <i>n</i> = 14), basically trained karate practitioners (BK; <i>n</i> = 16), and physically active non-athlete controls (CG; <i>n</i> = 13). Bilateral TMG assessment of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus was performed. Contraction time (Tc), total contraction time (TcT), and rate of muscle tension development (RMTD) were extracted. Twelve twitch-derived contractile ratio indexes (CRI) were calculated separately for dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) limbs. <b>Results</b>: Significant between-group differences were observed in the temporal coordination of the non-dominant leg. EK demonstrated the lowest index for average contraction time (CRI_Tc_AVG_ND = 17.13%; ANOVA <i>p</i> = 0.005; EK vs. NK <i>p</i> = 0.003) and total contraction time (CRI_TcT_AVG_ND = 9.72%; ANOVA <i>p</i> = 0.003; EK vs. NK <i>p</i> = 0.002). In contrast, velocity-related coordination in the dominant leg was highest in EK (CRI_RMTD_cV_D = 63.66%; ANOVA <i>p</i> = 0.002), differing from NK (<i>p</i> = 0.003), BK (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and CG (<i>p</i> = 0.009). <b>Conclusions</b>: Elite karate athletes exhibit distinct twitch-derived mechanical coordination profiles characterized by highly efficient temporal interplay in the non-dominant (supportive) limb and elevated velocity-related contractile ratio in the dominant (executive) limb. These findings suggest that sport expertise is associated with task-specific mechanical modulation between antagonistic muscle groups detectable through involuntary contractile responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Static Assessment: A Proof-of-Concept Evaluation of Functional Data Analysis for Assessing Physiological Responses to High-Intensity Effort.","authors":"Adrian Odriozola, Cristina Tirnauca, Adriana González, Francesc Corbi, Jesús Álvarez-Herms","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Conventional analyses of physiological recovery often rely on discrete metrics that assume independence across time points, thereby ignoring intrinsic temporal continuity and masking substantial interindividual heterogeneity. This proof-of-concept study assesses the efficacy of Functional Data Analysis (FDA) as a promising framework for characterizing individual response dynamics following a functional threshold power (FTP) test. <b>Methods</b>: Physiological time-series data (including blood lactate, heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels) collected from 21 trained cyclists (10 professionals, 11 amateurs) were represented as functional objects using FDataGrid on the original sampling grid (0, 3, 5, 10, 20 min), without basis expansion or smoothing. We conducted unsupervised functional clustering (K-means; Fuzzy K-means) and supervised classification (Maximum Depth with Modified Band Depth, K-Nearest Neighbors, Nearest Centroid, functional QDA with parametric Gaussian covariance). Model performance was estimated via Repeated Stratified 5-Fold Cross-Validation with 10 repetitions (50 folds), reporting accuracy, balanced accuracy (mean ± SD), 95% CIs, permutation <i>p</i>-values, and sensitivity/specificity from aggregated confusion matrices. <b>Results</b>: Lactate (CL) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) provided useful and statistically significant discrimination across several classifiers (e.g., KNN, Nearest Centroid, functional QDA), whereas heart rate showed modest discriminative value and glucose intermediate performance. Unsupervised analyses revealed distinct lactate recovery profiles and graded membership for hemodynamic/metabolic variables, supporting the value of FDA for resolving heterogeneity beyond group-average trends. <b>Conclusions</b>: FDA offers a feasible and informative approach for classifying recovery phenotypes while preserving temporal structure. Findings are promising but should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, sparse time points, and the need for external validation in larger, independent cohorts before translation into routine decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement Control and Long-Latency Reflexes Are Reproducible Measures of Shoulder Neuromuscular Control.","authors":"Chishan Shiao, Olga Dubey, Michael A Petrie, Clayton L Rosinski, Matthew A Howard, Richard K Shields","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Human physiology-based biomarkers, such as transcortical long-latency reflexes (LLRs) and movement control performance, are measurements used to evaluate human performance. We developed a method to assess human performance variables using a custom-designed visuomotor control device with the capability to examine performance accuracy and neurophysiological responses to unexpected perturbations. We assessed the internal consistency and reproducibility of this device during a shoulder tracking task including the performance accuracy and the transcortical long-latency reflexes during unexpected perturbations. <b>Methods</b>: 86 healthy young adults (49 females, right-handed, mean age 25.8 ± 9.5 years) were assessed for internal consistency across varying resistance and velocity conditions. We next determined test-retest reliability among 31 participants (17 females, right-handed, mean age 24.13 ± 3.8 years). We then determined the predictability of the LLRs and performance error during perturbations using the receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). <b>Results</b>: Our results supported excellent internal consistency, fair-to-good test-retest reliability for task performance accuracy, and fair-to-good transcortical LLR responses to perturbations (McDonald's omega > 0.9; intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs, 0.63-0.82)). Tracking accuracy, changes in movement velocity, and infraspinatus LLRs were effective predictors of perturbation conditions (receiver operating characteristics: AUC 0.72-0.90). <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings support that performance-based biomarkers have moderate-to-good reliability and neurophysiology-based biomarkers have fair-to-good reliability when assessing human shoulder performance among healthy adults. Studies are currently underway to determine if these measures are reproducible across other joint movements and among people with musculoskeletal and central nervous system injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Severity of COVID-19 Is Associated with Greater Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation-Physical Training as a Countermeasure.","authors":"Noemi Marchini de Souza Couto, João Vitor Martins Bernal, Tábata de Paula Facioli, Daniel Dos Santos, Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020149","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; COVID-19 has been associated with persistent impairments in autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). However, whether disease severity during the acute phase influences the magnitude of these impairments remains insufficiently explored. In turn, aerobic physical training (APT) has been proposed as a countermeasure to autonomic dysfunction of HRV in different conditions, although its effects in individuals with COVID-19 are not yet well established. To address these gaps, this study investigated the consequences of COVID-19 on autonomic modulation of HRV according to disease severity and evaluated the effects of APT on this parameter. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; One hundred and sixteen individuals (58 men and 58 women) aged between 30 and 55 years were included, allocated into three groups according to the severity of the disease in the acute phase: Mild group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 38, mean age: 48 ± 7 years); Moderate group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 52, mean age: 43 ± 5 years); and Severe group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 26, mean age: 45 ± 6 years). All groups had anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters evaluated before and after the 16-week APT period, as well as parameters of autonomic modulation of HRV analyzed using linear (time and frequency domain) and non-linear (symbolic analysis) methods obtained from R-R interval (RRi) recordings in the supine position for 30 min. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Initially, all groups presented similar anthropometric and hemodynamic values. In contrast, the Moderate and Severe groups presented lower values for standard deviation of normal RRi (SDNN; Moderate: 38 ± 14 ms; Severe: 33 ± 12 ms vs. Mild: 55 ± 28 ms; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), root mean square difference between adjacent normal RRi (RMSSD; Moderate: 28 ± 13 ms; Severe: 22 ± 7 ms vs. Mild: 47 ± 38 ms; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), total variance (Moderate: 203 ± 127 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; Severe: 303 ± 157 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; vs. Mild: 526 ± 347 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and high-frequency (HF) oscillations in absolute units (Moderate: 259 ± 270 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; Severe: 153 ± 74 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; vs. Mild: 438 ± 421 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), both compared to the Mild group. In turn, the Severe group, when compared to the other groups, also presented lower HF oscillations (Severe: 29 ± 12 nu vs. Mild: 44 ± 17 nu and Moderate: 42 ± 17 nu; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and higher low-frequency (LF) oscillations (Severe: 71 ± 12 nu vs. Mild: 60 ± 17 nu and Moderate: 58 ± 17 nu; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), but in normalized units. After the 16-week APT, all groups showed increases in HF oscillations (Mild: -206 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and -19.12 nu; Moderate: -236 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and -26.7 nu; Severe: -211 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and -31.0 nu; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and reductions in LF oscillations (Mild: 198 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and 19.01 nu; Moderate: 98 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and 26.7 nu; Severe: 218 ms&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and 31.1 nu; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), both in absolute and normalized units. In this case, there were no further differences in LF and HF o","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound Muscle Action Potential Parameters of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis in Sprinters and Sedentary Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Comparison.","authors":"Carlos Enrique Barrón-Gámez, Tomás Javier Martínez-Cervantes, José Alberto Barrón-Gámez, José Ángel Garza-Cantú, Enrique Barrón-Hernández, Brisa Ochoa-Castillo, Karina Salas-Longoria, Antonino Aguiar-Barrera, Ángel González-Cantú, Alberto Garrido-Esquivel, José Raúl Hoyos-Flores, Carlos R Montes-de-Oca-Saucedo, Marina Medina-Corrales","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) parameters provide objective information on peripheral neuromuscular function, yet comparisons between track athletes and sedentary individuals remain limited, particularly when stratified by sex. This exploratory study examined whether CMAP parameters differ between sprinters and sedentary controls, with a secondary descriptive analysis of female middle-distance runners. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 48 participants (27 females, 21 males) aged 15 to 28 years were recruited by convenience from a restricted-access athletic population. The main comparisons focused on sprinters versus sex-matched sedentary controls, analyzed separately in females (9 sprinters, 10 controls) and males (10 sprinters, 11 controls). Female middle-distance runners (<i>n</i> = 8) were retained as an exploratory subgroup. Bilateral peroneal nerve conduction studies were performed in the extensor digitorum brevis. Outcomes included latency, amplitude, nerve conduction velocity, and CMAP duration. Main comparisons used Welch's <i>t</i>-tests, supplemented by Mann-Whitney U tests. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) and 95% confidence intervals were reported. A BMI-adjusted model examined whether the main female finding remained after accounting for BMI. <b>Results</b>: Female sprinters showed significantly higher right-sided CMAP amplitude than sedentary females (Welch <i>p</i> = 0.017; Hedges' g = 1.32; 95% CI of the mean difference, 0.68 to 5.44 mV), supported by non-parametric testing (<i>p</i> = 0.025). The group effect remained significant after BMI adjustment. No other comparisons reached statistical significance. In males, no significant differences were observed. <b>Conclusions</b>: The main finding was a higher right-sided CMAP amplitude in female sprinters compared with sedentary controls, reasonably consistent across complementary parametric, non-parametric, and BMI-adjusted analyses. Given the small sample and exploratory design, these findings warrant cautious interpretation and replication in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velocity- and Power-Oriented Force-Velocity Characteristics Differentiate Competitive Olympic-Style Weightlifting Performance.","authors":"Athanasios Tsoukos, Theodoros Iakovidis, Sofia Georgopoulou, Gregory C Bogdanis","doi":"10.3390/jfmk11020147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: This study examined the associations between dynamic maximum strength (front squat [FS] and clean [CL]), lower-limb vertical force-velocity (F-V) profile characteristics, and both absolute and scaled measures of competitive weightlifting performance in trained weightlifters. <b>Methods</b>: Fourteen competitive male weightlifters (age: 27.6 ± 4.2 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 85.1 ± 6.7 kg; body fat: 11.7 ± 2.8%) completed three testing sessions separated by 48-72 h, including 1-RM assessment in the FS and CL, as well as vertical countermovement jump trials to determine individual force-velocity profile parameters (F₀, V₀, and Pmax). Official competition results obtained within the same competitive season were recorded for the snatch (SN), clean and jerk (C&J), total (TOT), and Sinclair score. Participants were additionally divided into higher and moderate jump performance groups using a median split of unloaded countermovement jump height. <b>Results</b>: Very strong correlations were found between 1-RM strength (FS and CL) and weightlifting performance, with CL showing the strongest associations with SN (r = 0.82), C&J (r = 0.93), and TOT (r = 0.94). Among F-V parameters, V₀ and Pmax were significantly associated with competitive outcomes (r = 0.63-0.70), whereas F₀ was not. V₀ was significantly associated with SN (r = 0.69), C&J (r = 0.63), and TOT (r = 0.70), while F₀ showed trivial-to-small associations (r = 0.08-0.28). When participants were divided using a median split of CMJ height, higher jumpers exhibited greater V₀ (3.02 ± 0.30 vs. 2.61 ± 0.23 m·s^-1, <i>p</i> = 0.014, g = 1.4) and relative Pmax (32.44 ± 2.65 vs. 27.28 ± 1.06 W·kg^-1, <i>p</i> = 0.001, g = 2.4), despite similar F₀ (<i>p</i> = 0.67). Higher jumpers also demonstrated superior SN (<i>p</i> = 0.016, g = 1.4), C&J (<i>p</i> = 0.041, g = 1.1), TOT (<i>p</i> = 0.018, g = 1.4), and Sinclair scores (<i>p</i> = 0.001, g = 2.1). <b>Conclusions</b>: In trained weightlifters, performance was strongly associated with maximal strength, while velocity- and power-oriented characteristics (V₀ and Pmax) were also associated with performance outcomes. In contrast, F₀ showed no meaningful associations with performance within this sample. These findings suggest that, among already strength-trained athletes, the ability to express force at higher contraction velocities may be associated with differences in competitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}