Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology最新文献

{"title":"Self-Perceived Fitness in Young Athletes: Associations with Anthropometric Markers and Lipid Profile as Cardiometabolic Risk Factors-COR-SCHOOL Study.","authors":"Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez, Saül Aixa-Requena, Abraham Batalla-Gavaldà, Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido, Isaac López-Laval, Vicenç Hernández-González, Carme Jové-Deltell, Enric Conesa-Milian, Joaquin Reverter-Masia","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020175","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: This study analyzed the relationship between self-perceived physical fitness and anthropometric and biochemical variables in young athletes from extracurricular sports programs in northeastern Spain. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 673 young athletes. Data collection included self-reported physical fitness and objective anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The analysis explored associations between perceived fitness dimensions and physical/biochemical variables, with attention to sex differences. <b>Results</b>: Fat mass showed significant inverse associations with all perceived fitness dimensions: general fitness (OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.41, 0.94]), cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.37, 0.83]), muscular strength (OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.41, 0.91]), speed/agility (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.39, 0.88]), and flexibility (OR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.39, 0.84]). Higher fat mass was consistently linked to lower perceived fitness. HDL levels were positively associated with general (OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.13, 1.74]) and cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.07, 1.62]), while LDL levels showed no significant effect (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Sex differences emerged for general fitness (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.33, 0.82]) and flexibility (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33, 0.78]), favoring boys, but no differences were found for cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, or speed/agility (<i>p</i> > 0.05). This suggests that shared athletic environments may reduce typical sex-based disparities. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings emphasize the importance of considering both anthropometric and biochemical variables when evaluating perceived fitness in youth athletes. Regular athletic engagement may buffer sex-based differences in fitness perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence of Sport-Related Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: An Overview of Systematic Reviews Including 51 Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Javier Martinez-Calderon, Marta Infante-Cano, Javier Matias-Soto, Veronica Perez-Cabezas, Alejandro Galan-Mercant, Cristina Garcia-Muñoz","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020174","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The number of systematic reviews evaluating the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in sports is increasing. To synthesize pooled incidence and prevalence rates of sport-related ACL injuries based on published systematic reviews with meta-analyses. <b>Methods:</b> An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis was conducted. The CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to 17 October 2023. AMSTAR 2 was used to assess the methodological quality of reviews. The degree of overlap between reviews was calculated when possible. <b>Results:</b> Seven systematic reviews including 51 meta-analyses of interest were included. The prevalence of ACL injuries was not meta-analyzed. Meta-analyses mainly showed that ACL injuries may have a high incidence in American football, basketball, European football/soccer, and volleyball, among other sports. In addition, ACL injuries may have a higher incidence in females than males in some sports. For example, the pooled incidence rates of ACL injuries in basketball ranged from 0.091 (95%CI, 0.074-0.111) to 0.110 (95%CI, 0.094-0.128) among female athletes, whereas this incidence ranged from 0.024 (95%CI, 0.016-0.034) to 0.027 (95%CI, 0.019-0.035) among male athletes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Sport-related ACL injuries may have a high incidence in sports such as American football, basketball, European football/soccer, or volleyball and show differences between sexes. Therefore, a sex-specific prevention of these injuries may be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability of Cervical Strength Testing Protocols with Handheld Dynamometer in Prepubertal and Pubertal Untrained Boys.","authors":"Christos Batatolis, Konstantina Karatrantou, Theodora Vasilopoulou, Konstantina Chanou, Nikolaos Tsiakaras, Vassilis Gerodimos","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020173","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The cervical spine plays an important role in several daily activities of children and adolescents, and thus, its evaluation using reliable protocols is of crucial importance. This study examined the test-retest reliability of cervical strength protocols using indices of absolute (standard error of measurement-SEM and 95% limits of agreement-LOA) and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient-ICC). <b>Methods</b>: Twenty prepubertal (9.10 ± 0.61 years old) and twenty pubertal boys (13.6 ± 0.6 years old) participated in two assessment sessions separated by 48 h. During both sessions, maximal isometric strength (forward flexion, extension, and right-left lateral flexion) was assessed using a handheld dynamometer, and then, the cervical flexion-to-extension ratio (cervical_F/E ratio) was calculated. <b>Results</b>: According to our data analysis, good absolute and relative reliability was denoted for prepubertal boys in all cervical movements (ICC = 0.81-0.90; SEM% = 5.82-8.62); conversely, pubertal boys denoted high relative and absolute reliability in all directions of movements (ICC = 0.90-0.96; SEM% = 3.8-5.5). The cervical_F/E ratio showed moderate reliability in prepubertal (ICC = 0.71; SEM% = 9.11) and pubertal boys (ICC = 0.78; SEM% = 7). <b>Conclusions</b>: In conclusion, the isometric strength of cervical muscles, using a handheld dynamometer, showed acceptable reliability in prepubertal and pubertal boys; however, prepubertal boys demonstrated slightly lower reliability. Additionally, the assessment of the cervical _F/E ratio should be interpreted with caution. However, it would be important to carry out future studies to strengthen the findings of the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Positional and Temporal Variations in Worst-Case Scenario Demands in Professional Spanish Soccer.","authors":"David Lobo-Triviño, Tomás García-Calvo, Jorge Polo-Tejada, Borja Sanabria-Pino, Roberto López Del Campo, Fabio Nevado-Garrosa, Javier Raya-González","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020172","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the worst-case scenario (WCS; i.e., 1-min) demands, in terms of distance covered and the number of times exceeding 85% of WCS demands, across soccer playing positions and match periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 67,518 records from 380 soccer matches during the 2023/24 season of the First Spanish Division were collected. Match events were tracked using the optical tracking system ChyronHego^® (TRACAB Gen5, NY, USA) and synchronized with Mediacoach software (LaLiga, Madrid, Spain). Total distance (TD), very high-speed running (VHSR), and sprint distance were considered, and all analyses were performed using linear mixed models (LMM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Center-backs (CBs) exhibited significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in TD compared to all other positions. Regarding actions exceeding 85% of the 1-min WCS for TD, full-backs (FBs) showed significant differences compared to CBs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), midfielders (MDs; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and attacking midfielders (AMs; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In terms of VHSR, significant differences were observed between MDs and wingers (Ws; <i>p</i> < 0.05). In relation to match periods, during 15-30, CBs demonstrated significant differences compared to all other positions for actions exceeding 85% of the 1-min WCS in TD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that training protocols could be adjusted to account for specific positional demands, particularly focusing on high-speed running and sprint actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Maturation Prediction Methods (Moore, Mirwald, BAUSport^TM): Croatian Female Volleyball Youth Team Example.","authors":"Drazen Cular, Tea Beslija, Marijana Cavala, Matej Babic, Ana Kezic","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020171","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The study aims to compare three distinct protocols-Moore, Mirwald, and the new BAUSport^TM SonicBone system-for predicting somatic maturation in youth athletes. <b>Methods</b>: The participants were female members of the Croatian national volleyball youth team (U-17) (<i>n</i> = 16). The study involved comprehensive measurements, including height, weight, sitting height, leg length, wrist diameter, hand joint diameter, hand grip strength, and ultrasound measurements for skeletal age assessment. <b>Results</b>: Correlation analysis showed moderate to strong correlations between the Moore and Mirwald skeletal age estimates, but both showed weaker correlations with the BAUSport^TM skeletal age. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant difference between the Moore and Mirwald methods (<i>p</i> > 0.05); significant differences between both the Moore and Mirwald methods and the BAUSport^TM method (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that height, weight, sitting height, leg length, wrist diameter, and hand joint diameter explained 69% of BAUSport^TM, with wrist diameter being the only significant predictor. While the Moore and Mirwald methods remain useful tools for estimating the timing of an athlete's growth spurt, BAUSport^TM represents a potential advancement in skeletal age assessment. Further research is needed to validate BAUSport^TM across diverse populations and optimize its calibration to accommodate anatomical variations. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings suggest that with further refinement, BAUSport^TM could become a new standard for monitoring skeletal development in youth athletes. Additionally, studies should explore comparative analyses with other emerging technologies, such as genetic markers, hormonal assessments, and MRI, for further understanding of biological maturation in talent identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic Therapy Versus Land-Based Therapy in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Gema Santamaría, Mario Fernández-Gorgojo, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Abejón, Blanca García Gómez, Ángela Molina, Diego Fernández-Lázaro","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020170","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Motor and non-motor symptoms of PD cause functional disabilities. Aquatic-based therapeutic exercise (AT) is a potential approach that may improve the management of PD, given its hydrostatic and hydrodynamic properties. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AT compared to traditional land-based therapeutic exercise (LT) in patients with PD. <b>Methods:</b> Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024528310), this review involved original studies published from 2014 to December 2024, with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, in which the intervention group performed AT, and the control group performed LT. The outcomes evaluated were balance, gait, quality of life, strength, mental health, pain, flexibility, and sleep quality. <b>Results:</b> Of the 413 records identified, 135 duplicates were removed, and 265 did not meet the selection criteria. Thirteen RCTs comprising 511 patients (age range: 50-80 years) were eligible. Most studies reported beneficial effects of AT, with no serious adverse events. Compared to LT, AT led to significant improvements (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in quality of life, mental health, pain, flexibility, and sleep quality. No evidence was provided of the beneficial effects of AT compared to LT on balance, gait, and strength; however, significant improvements were observed in the AT group from baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> AT appears to be a safe and effective intervention for improving the quality of life, mental health, pain, flexibility, and sleep quality in PD patients. While balance, gait, and strength may also benefit, the evidence comparing AT to LT remains inconclusive due to variability in study protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Carbohydrate Intake in Young Male Elite Football Players: Insights from a Case Study of HNK Hajduk Academy.","authors":"Marta Tomljanovic, Ana Kezic, Mario Tomljanovic, Daniela Čačić Kenjerić","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020169","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Proper nutrition is crucial for optimizing performance and recovery in elite young football players. This study aimed to assess sports nutrition knowledge, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and carbohydrate intake across different training phases, evaluating their relations with match performance. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-three male HNK Hajduk academy players (15-19 years) completed a nutrition questionnaire and a seven-day food diary, while performance metrics were analyzed using GPS tracking. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that sports nutrition knowledge was generally low (43.0 ± 17.0%), with significant misconceptions about carbohydrate fueling strategies. Players significantly overestimated their MD adherence, with a self-reported KIDMED index (6.06 ± 2.41) notably higher than the corrected score derived from food diaries (4.21 ± 2.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Carbohydrate intake was suboptimal on match-related days (3.64 g/kg on match day, 4.45 g/kg on the day before), failing to meet the recommended minimum of 6 g/kg per day. Regression analysis predicted that energy (β = 0.83; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and carbohydrate intake (β = 0.69; <i>p</i> = 0.03) on match day significantly predicted distance covered per minute, with a positive relationship observed for both outcomes, highlighting its impact on endurance. However, no significant relationship was found between carbohydrate intake and maximum sprint speed. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings underscore the need for structured nutrition education within football academies to enhance players' dietary habits and performance outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal interventions to assess how improved nutrition knowledge influences dietary adherence and athletic performance over time. Although knowledge of sports nutrition is fundamental, practical training and education to improve dietary competencies are crucial for athletes to effectively apply this knowledge in daily training and match preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Superimposed Blood Flow Restriction on Isokinetic Knee Extension.","authors":"Darío Rodrigo-Mallorca, Joaquín Mollá-Sanchis, Iván Chulvi-Medrano, Luis M Franco-Grau","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020167","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate changes in the isokinetic concentric moment of the knee extensors and the moment-velocity curve during the application of no BFR compared to superimposed BFR. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 37 physically active adults [33.73 (10.96) years; 11 females] performed three sets of isokinetic concentric knee extensions, each including three angular velocities (300°/s, 210°/s, and 120°/s; BIODEX dynamometer). BFR at 40% (BFR40) and 80% (BFR80) of the maximal pressure occlusion (MPO) were applied randomly after an equal control protocol without BFR (BFR0). <b>Results:</b> No significant differences were found for any interaction between the BFR condition and angular velocity (<i>p</i> > 0.05); 109.78 ± 32.90 vs. 71.24 ± 11.18, 116.68 ± 27.29 vs. 74.40 ± 15.11, and 113.91 ± 28.43 vs. 72.95 ± 13.76 Nm at 300°/s; 137.60 ± 35.27 vs. 88.85 ± 15.23, 135.40 ± 33.04 vs. 86.32 ± 17.38, and 132.68 ± 31.99 vs. 85.39 ± 16.25 Nm at 210°/s; 177.62 ± 41.40 vs. 114.72 ± 20.10, 166.40 ± 45.39 vs. 198.14 ± 21.80, and 162.60 ± 40.10 vs. 109.09 ± 18.90 Nm at 120°/s, for BFR0, BFR40, and BFR80, respectively. There were significant differences in the interactions by gender. <b>Conclusions:</b> Superimposed application of BFR at 40% MPO and 80% MPO during an isokinetic knee extension did not cause any acute change in the ability to produce maximal moment or power. The use of BFR may not generate an ergogenic effect that is sufficient to cause acute changes in force production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Modulation and Glutathione System Response During a 10-Day Multi-Stressor Field Training.","authors":"Liāna Pļaviņa, Edgars Edelmers","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020166","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate how a 10-day multi-stressor field-training course-combining high physical and psycho-emotional demands, caloric restriction, and severe sleep deprivation-affects systemic oxidative/antioxidative status and biomarkers of nucleic-acid and skeletal-muscle damage in trained military cadets. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-five healthy cadets (8 women, 67 men; 22-34 y) completed the course. Standardised operational rations (700-800 kcal day^-¹) and two 20 min tactical naps per 24 h were enforced. Pre- and post-course venous blood was collected after an overnight fast. Plasma superoxide-dismutase activity (SOD), reduced and oxidised glutathione (GSH, GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were quantified by colourimetric/fluorometric assays; 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and myoglobin were measured by ELISA. The oxidative-stress index (OSI) was calculated as GSSG·GSH^-¹. Within-subject differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; associations between biomarker changes were explored by Spearman correlation. <b>Results:</b> After training, GSH (+175%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and GSSG (+32%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) rose significantly, whereas SOD (-19%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), H₂O₂ (-20%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), MDA (-50%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 8-OHdG (-23%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and OSI (-47%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) declined. Myoglobin remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.603). Reductions in MDA correlated inversely with increases in GSSG (rₛ = -0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.041), while H₂O₂ changes correlated positively with GSSG (rₛ = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.046), indicating a glutathione-driven adaptive response. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ten consecutive days of vigorous, calorie- and sleep-restricted field training elicited a favourable redox adaptation characterised by enhanced glutathione-mediated antioxidant capacity and lower circulating oxidant concentrations, without evidence of DNA or skeletal-muscle damage. The data suggest that, in physically prepared individuals, prolonged multi-stressor exposure can strengthen endogenous antioxidant defences rather than precipitate oxidative injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Peak Height Velocity on Strength and Power Development of Young Athletes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis, Alexandra Avloniti, Christos Kokkotis, Theodoros Stampoulis, Dimitrios Balampanos, Anastasia Gkachtsou, Panagiotis Aggelakis, Danai Kelaraki, Maria Protopapa, Dimitrios Pantazis, Maria Emmanouilidou, Nikolaos Zaras, Dimitrios Draganidis, Ilias Smilios, Antonis Kambas, Ioannis G Fatouros, Maria Michalopoulou, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou","doi":"10.3390/jfmk10020168","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfmk10020168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Maturation is a complex biological process affecting all tissues, organs, and systems, particularly during adolescence. The Peak Height Velocity (PHV) period, a hallmark of adolescent growth spurts, is associated with individual differentiations in the development of performance attributes amongst youth. Understanding the influence of sports participation on strength and power during the PHV period is essential for optimizing training outcomes and reducing injury risk. This scoping review synthesizes the literature on the strength and power development in athletes during the PHV period across various sports, highlighting the interaction between maturation, training, and performance outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus, supplemented by manual searches, identified peer-reviewed studies from 2004 to 2025. The included longitudinal studies involved structured training and assessed strength-related performance during and around the PHV period. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. <b>Results</b>: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. It is found that strength and power are significantly affected during the PHV period and participation in sports mitigates these effects. Training characteristics such as training frequency/volume and sport specificity were key factors. Early maturers often outperformed late maturers, though adolescent awkwardness temporarily reduced performance around PHV. <b>Conclusions</b>: Systematic participation in sports training can limit the phenomenon of adolescent awkwardness in the performance of strength and power. Hence, training programs should be tailored to maturity status, emphasizing skill development, strength training, and injury prevention. Future research should explore individualized training and the mechanisms underlying performance variability during the PHV period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}