Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Surface Energy Balance and Temperature Inversion at Dome Argus, the Summit of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet","authors":"Diyi Yang, Minghu Ding, Xiaowei Zou, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Maurice van Tiggelen, Ian Allison, Biao Tian, Xinyan Chen, Cunde Xiao","doi":"10.1029/2025JD044304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD044304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the harsh environment of the inland plateau in East Antarctica and the associated scarcity of in situ meteorological measurements, its climatological features and surface energy balance (SEB) remain poorly understood. Using hourly meteorological data measured at Dome Argus (Dome A) and nearby Kunlun stations during a 3-year period (2018–2020), we present the characteristics of the SEB components along with the frequency and intensity of the near-surface temperature inversion. Due to the strong radiative imbalance at the surface, a quasi-continuous temperature inversion persisted throughout the observational period (frequency 96%), with an average temperature gradient exceeding 1°C/m between the surface and 4 m height. The combination of relatively strong near-surface winds and significant vertical temperature gradients resulted in monthly average surface turbulent sensible heat gains of up to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>30</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>W</mi>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $30,mathrm{W}cdot {mathrm{m}}^{-2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in June, largely compensating for the concurrent net surface radiation loss. In contrast, the monthly average surface turbulent latent heat gains reached only <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0.1</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>W</mi>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $0.1,mathrm{W}cdot {mathrm{m}}^{-2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> due to the minimal atmospheric-surface moisture gradients caused by the extremely low near-surface air temperatures. Persistent surface-based temperature inversions typically emerge under conditions of strong radiative cooling, characterized by reduced variability in surface temperature <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $left({T}_{s}right)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and subsurface heat fluxes, enhanced turbulent mixing and the sustained moisture. This represents the first comprehensive attempt to quantify near-surface atmospheric heat exchange processes in the Dome A","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Effects of Terrain on the Southerly Monsoon Surge and Extreme Rainfall Over North China","authors":"Xiaoyu Gao,&nbsp;Jisong Sun,&nbsp;Jinfang Yin,&nbsp;Ju Li,&nbsp;Xudong Liang","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043742","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The southerly monsoon surge (SMS) produces a large amount of extreme rainfall (ER) over the North China Plain (NCP). This study proposes a new perspective in which the thermal contrast between the NCP and Mt. Taihang to its west can enhance the southerlies in planetary boundary layer (PBL) during SMS episodes and thus plays an important role in the production of ER. Based on reanalysis data, this study finds 145 SMS episodes in 30 warm seasons from 1988 to 2017, during which the NCP encountered 66% of the ER. These episodes feature strong poleward transport of moisture in the PBL. The diabatic heating over Mt. Taihang produces strong low-level baroclinicity, which together with synoptic forcing in the free atmosphere drives the strong PBL southerlies. The south wind components in PBL and in low troposphere are only moderately correlated, whereas their difference is closely related to the zonal temperature gradient. Based on convection-permitting numerical simulations, this study further investigates the impacts of mountain-plain thermal contrast on the production of ER during a 20-day SMS episode in the summer of 2024. A sensitivity experiment reveals significantly weakened PBL southerlies and moisture transport over NCP when the PBL over Mt. Taihang is cooled by ∼1 K. The simulated ER amount is 38.7% less than that in the control experiment. Additional experiments indicate that the low-level temperature over mountain modulates the diurnal variation of the PBL wind over plain via the Holton mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified Forecast System Prediction of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Its Influence on East Pacific During Boreal Summer","authors":"Yu-Cian Tsai,&nbsp;Eric D. Maloney,&nbsp;Daehyun Kim,&nbsp;Suzana J. Camargo","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042904","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction skill of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its impacts on the east Pacific (EP) tropical cyclogenesis in the Unified Forecast System (UFS) during boreal summer (May–October). Utilizing four experimental versions, Prototypes 5–8, the study finds that although the UFS generally captures the MJO's propagation characteristics near the initialization time, it encounters difficulty in accurately predicting the propagation speed and decay rate of the MJO beyond 15 days. Specifically, the phase transition rate of the MJO in the UFS is slower than observed, although this behavior is improved in Prototype 8. The UFS overestimates intraseasonal east Pacific genesis potential index anomalies as a function of the MJO phase. Analysis of the vertically integrated moist static energy (MSE) budget reveals that all four UFS prototypes underestimate the damping effect of vertical MSE advection and the amplifying effect of longwave radiative heating, indicating weaknesses in tropical convective parameterization and cloud radiative feedbacks, although these biases are somewhat improved in Prototype 8. These deficiencies result in less efficient vertical MSE export, weaker damping of MJO convection, slow MJO propagation, and delayed MJO's impacts on the EP. Thus, improving the UFS's ability to simulate MJO propagation and maintenance processes is crucial for better predicting the MJO's effects on EP TC genesis and enhancing S2S forecast capability for MJO-modulated TC activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane Sources in Cluj-Napoca, Romania: Insights From Isotopic Analysis","authors":"Jacoline van Es,&nbsp;Carina van der Veen,&nbsp;Calin Baciu,&nbsp;Mustafa Hmoudah,&nbsp;Malika Menoud,&nbsp;Stephan Henne,&nbsp;Thomas Röckmann","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043015","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JD043015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Increased emissions of methane (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CH&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CH}}_{4}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) have contributed 0.3–0.8°C to global temperature rise since preindustrial times. Reducing these emissions is crucial to mitigate climate change. Measurements of the isotopic composition of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CH&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CH}}_{4}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;δ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $delta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;δ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $delta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H) can be used to distinguish various sources of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CH&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CH}}_{4}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. This study reports continuous measurements of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;CH&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${text{CH}}_{4}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;δ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $delta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;δ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $delta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H for 8 months in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. An automated extraction and a purification system, coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer alternately measured &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;δ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $delta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;seman","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying High-Frequency Turbulence Energy in the Atmosphere and Its Impact on Near-Surface Diffusion: Parameterization Scheme and Validation in WRF-Chem","authors":"Liu Zhenxin,&nbsp;Zhang Wenxi,&nbsp;Liu Lei,&nbsp;Li Xiaolan,&nbsp;Mao Yuhao,&nbsp;Liao Hong","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043961","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JD043961","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric turbulence is a key meteorological factor influencing the diffusion of urban near-surface air pollution. The turbulence energy spectrum characterizes the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) across different eddy scales, with the total energy affecting the diffusion coefficient and pollutant dispersion. Current methods for calculating TKE are sensitive to the temporal resolution of wind speed data, and the limited sampling frequency of instruments is much lower than the dissipation scale. Thus, the high-frequency turbulence energy is missed, and the total TKE is underestimated. To address this issue, this study used high (∼10 Hz) and low (∼0.05 Hz) frequency wind observations from the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower to assess how sampling frequencies impact TKE calculations. The −5/3 law of the turbulence spectrum was applied to estimate the relationship between observed and theoretical total TKE, and a parameterization scheme was completed. Results showed that the underestimation due to sampling frequency limitations ranges from 10% to 37%, with higher proportions during night and winter. Then a correction factor (HTMC) was incorporated into the BouLac PBL scheme in WRF-Chem. Sensitivity simulations of a heavy haze event in Shenyang were set. The experimental group (EXP) showed lower concentrations of PM_2.5 near the surface and higher in higher altitudes than those in control group (CTR) during night, indicating stronger vertical turbulent transport. The concentrations in EXP better match observations, with simulation bias reduced from 23.77% to 6.18%. This work provides new insights into urban turbulence transport mechanisms and benefits to improvements in air quality forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of Horizontal Convective Rolls and Complex Terrain on the Structure of Mesoscale Convective Systems With Multiple Parallel Rainbands","authors":"Peiyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Meng","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043922","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JD043922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the formation mechanism of the multiple parallel rainbands’ (MPRB) organizational mode in a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that occurred on 12 August 2017, in the Beibu Gulf—a region with the highest frequency of MPRBs in China. The analysis is conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model through 1-km high-resolution simulation and terrain modification experiments. The results indicated that the MPRB formed through backbuilding processes, primarily over horizontal convective rolls (HCRs), elevated by low mountains along the coastline. The results showed that mountains from 200 m in valleys to 600 m at peaks did not disrupt HCR formation. Instead, mountains of these heights helped elevate HCRs, thereby facilitating convection initiation. However, after increasing the mountain heights above valley heights by 50%, the higher terrain and larger distance between valleys and peaks decreased boundary layer wind and 0−1 km vertical wind shear, preventing HCR formation and thereby suppressing the development of the MPRB. In contrast, lowering the terrain height reduced the HCR height, thereby weakening or even eliminating MPRB even though it enhanced the organization of HCRs. HCR formation in this case was attributed to convective instability with high vertical wind shear and rich moisture. Coastal mountains functioned as barriers, blocking the flow of moisture from the southern sea, which was also essential for HCR formation and convection initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sensitivity of Future Hydroclimate Projections to Topography and Large-Scale Dust Forcing in the Luquillo Mountains of Eastern Puerto Rico","authors":"J. Preece,&nbsp;C. Johnson,&nbsp;T. Mote,&nbsp;P. Miller,&nbsp;M. Williams","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042953","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JD042953","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precipitation over Puerto Rico is expected to decline in coming decades, threatening an important source of surface water supply. However, earth system models neither resolve fine-scale orographic impacts nor the radiative effects of Saharan dust aerosols on precipitation over the island's mountains. Here, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) to downscale global climate model projections to a convection-resolving 4-km resolution for both dust and no-dust scenarios. We compare the regional hydroclimate during three periods: historical (2014–2018), mid- (2045–2049) and end-21st century (2085–2089), using output from an RCP8.5 simulation of the Community Earth System Model, version 1. For each period, the coarsest parent domain is simulated both with and without dust emission, transport and radiative effects, and the ensuing thermodynamic perturbations passed to the 4-km domain via nesting. The downscaled output indicates that precipitation over eastern Puerto Rico is expected to decline through the end of the century, leading to an increase in consecutive dry days and a depletion of soil moisture that is evident across all seasons. The inclusion of dust exacerbates the drying signal during late summer when Saharan air outbreaks are active but ameliorates drying in other seasons relative to its historical simulation. Rainfall decreases rapidly by the mid-21st century, and the declines plateau through 2100 when dust is included, whereas there is a modest rebound to wetter conditions when dust is ignored. Although the highest elevations exhibit resilience to future drying, there is a clearer drying signal at low elevations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fragment Model of Spherical Snow Particles Based on Discrete Element Method","authors":"Zhengshi Wang,&nbsp;Ting Sun,&nbsp;Qisen Xie,&nbsp;Shuming Jia","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043607","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JD043607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fragmentation of snow particles constitutes a key physical process within drifting snow, exerting a vital influence on the mass and energy balance of the polar ice sheet as well as the redistribution of snow cover. In this study, we put forward a model for the collision and fragmentation of snow particles with a rigid bed surface based on the discrete element method and investigate the intrinsic mechanism of snow particle fragmentation under various impact conditions. The results demonstrate that the fragmentation of snow particles is predominantly governed by the normal component of the impact velocity relative to the bed surface. After the collision, snow particles generally break into one major fragment and several small fragments. Among them, the size of the major fragment decreases power exponentially with the normal impact velocity. The number of effective fragments (i.e., equivalent diameter is greater than 0.1 times the initial diameter.) initially increases and subsequently decreases with the normal impact velocity, peaking at around 8 m/s, and the size of small fragments follows a lognormal distribution. Furthermore, the critical velocity for snow particle fragmentation decreases linearly with the increase of the impact angle. Moreover, a complete fragmentation scheme for snow particle-snow bed collision is given, which can provide an effective fragmentation model for blowing snow and further deepen the understanding of the movement of the two-phase flow of wind and snow.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Horizontal Resolution in Modeling Irrigation Effects With a Coupled Regional Climate Model System Up To Convection-Permitting Scale","authors":"Christina Pop,&nbsp;Jürgen Böhner,&nbsp;Peter Hoffmann,&nbsp;Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen,&nbsp;Diana Rechid","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043227","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JD043227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing the resolution of regional climate models (RCMs) up to convection-permitting scales enables explicitly resolved convection and finer resolved surface features. In this work, we use the benefits of the high resolution climate model and apply it to model irrigation effects and feedbacks on the local and regional climate, focusing on the interaction of irrigation with soil, surface, atmosphere, and vegetation processes. We employ the RCM REMO2020 interactively coupled to its vegetation module iMOVE and incorporate our newly developed irrigation parameterization. We conduct two simulation sets with and without the irrigation parameterization. In the first set, we employ the hydrostatic model version at 0.11° horizontal resolution for Southwestern Europe. For the second set, we repeat the experiment employing the non-hydrostatic model version at convection-permitting resolution of 0.0275° for Northern Italy. Our results indicate that improved vegetation conditions due irrigation, such as an increased canopy conductance, lead to effects in the atmosphere. For the atmosphere, we find more distinct and localized irrigation effects for the simulations at convection-permitting resolution with enhanced near-surface cooling of up to −2 K compared to the simulations at 0.11°. In the boundary layer, irrigation effects are highly influenced by turbulence, transporting the irrigation effect to higher levels. The largest differences in representing irrigation effects on the two resolutions were found in precipitation. While at 0.11° horizontal resolution, precipitation increases due to favorable convection conditions, explicitly resolving convection leads to rather mixed effects with a decrease of precipitation above irrigated areas, where the convection inhibition increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Influence on Solar Photovoltaic Energy Production and Its Associated Drivers in CMIP6 Ensemble Projections","authors":"Paul Adigun,&nbsp;Koji Dairaku,&nbsp;Akinwale T. Ogunrinde,&nbsp;Xian Xue","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042971","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JD042971","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change poses a threat to the global solar energy potential, but the regional impacts remain poorly understood. Using an ensemble of 32 climate models across four emission scenarios, we project changes in solar photovoltaic potential for 2066–2100 relative to 1980–2014 across 46 global regions. Our analysis employs novel methodologies, including atmospheric forcing decomposition and extreme event attribution, to identify the physical drivers of changes in solar resources. Under high-emission scenarios, tropical regions face severe solar potential losses of 10%–15%, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, driven by increased cloud cover and temperature-induced efficiency declines of 0.4%–0.5% per °C. Conversely, mid- and high-latitude regions could see 5%–10% increases under low-emission scenarios, primarily during summer. Aerosol effects consistently reduce solar potential (up to 10.24 W/m²), while cloud changes show mixed regional impacts. Extremely high-productivity solar days decline drastically (16%–99%) across most seasons and scenarios, posing a threat to grid stability. These findings reveal a fundamental restructuring of global solar resources that could exacerbate energy inequalities. Tropical regions—critical for sustainable development—face the most significant losses, while high-latitude areas may benefit. Substantial climate mitigation preserves solar potential in most regions, while high-emission pathways pose significant risks. Our results suggest the need to integrate climate projections into solar energy planning and develop climate-resilient photovoltaic technologies to ensure equitable energy access in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}