Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres最新文献_第6页

Boundary-Layer-Coupled and Decoupled Clouds in Global Storm-Resolving Models: Comparisons With the ARM Observations

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041915

Tianning Su, Yunyan Zhang, Jingjing Tian

{"title":"Boundary-Layer-Coupled and Decoupled Clouds in Global Storm-Resolving Models: Comparisons With the ARM Observations","authors":"Tianning Su, Yunyan Zhang, Jingjing Tian","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041915","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate representation of interactions between clouds and planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a persistent challenge in climate models, critical for simulating surface energy budget. The emergence of kilometer-grid-scale global storm resolving models (GSRMs) offers the potential for enhanced details of PBL processes in these complex interactions. This study evaluates the representation of PBL-coupled and decoupled clouds in nine GSRM simulations against extensive ground-based observations by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, across six sites encompassing diverse regimes such as marine and continental environments in tropics and midlatitude. By differentiating coupling based on the relative positions between cloud bases and PBL tops, our analysis focuses on the simulation of PBL height, cloud frequency, position and vertical extent. The GSRMs generally exhibit commendable agreements with observed cloud structures and PBL diurnal cycles across different ARM sites. In contrast to the relatively consistent representation of decoupled clouds, discrepancies exist between the simulated and the observed coupled clouds, particularly in areas of intense convection, for example, over tropical rainforests and mountainous regions. These biases are probably associated with the models' tendency to underestimate the boundary layer humidity and the frequency of coupled clouds within different ranges of PBL heights. This study underscores the importance for continuous improvements in the representation of boundary layer and convection within these global kilometer-grid-scale models.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

South American Intraseasonal Oscillation: EOF and Neural Network Approaches

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041988

Camila R. Sapucci, Víctor C. Mayta, Pedro Leite da Silva Dias

{"title":"South American Intraseasonal Oscillation: EOF and Neural Network Approaches","authors":"Camila R. Sapucci, Víctor C. Mayta, Pedro Leite da Silva Dias","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041988","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces four univariate regional indices to improve the representation of intraseasonal rainfall variability across South America throughout the year, focusing on Brazil. These indices are constructed using two distinct approaches: the linear Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) method and the unsupervised machine-learning Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technique. Both methods are applied to Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and precipitation-filtered anomalies in the 30–90-day band over the South American domain. Results demonstrate that regional indices provide valuable insights into intraseasonal South American rainfall variability, including phase and strength, compared to global indices of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Despite being computed using only the South American domain, the regional indices capture the tropical-tropical MJO teleconnection through the zonal wavenumber-1 structure. The diversity in amplitude and evolution of precipitation, primarily influenced by tropical-extratropical teleconnections through Rossby wave trains, is more evident when using the non-linear SOM index. The regional indices also accurately measure the impacts of intraseasonal variability on extreme precipitation events over Brazil. Case studies, such as the 2013/2014 summer drought episode, highlight this ability, when a deficient rainy season severely affected the Southeast Region of Brazil, impacting agricultural production and hydroelectric power generation. During this episode, the regional indices show agreement between drought periods and suppressed precipitation phases, while global indices indicate an inactive MJO phase. These findings underscore the effectiveness of regional indices in capturing intraseasonal variability, offering significant implications for extreme weather prediction and their impacts on South American water resources and socio-economic activities.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Different Types of Aerosols on Diffuse Radiation Based on Global AERONET

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD042701

Huaping Li, Ming Zhang, Lunche Wang, Xin Su, Yunbo Lu

{"title":"Effects of Different Types of Aerosols on Diffuse Radiation Based on Global AERONET","authors":"Huaping Li, Ming Zhang, Lunche Wang, Xin Su, Yunbo Lu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042701","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the characteristics of the diffuse radiation (DSR) in the region of different types of aerosols and assesses the effect of aerosols on the DSR based on the AERONET aerosol data for the years 2010–2020. The results are as follows: the interannual trends of DSR and diffuse radiation fraction (DSRF) for all aerosol types in this study tend to coincide with the interannual trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD). Both AOD and solar zenith angle (SZA) are assessed to have higher feature significance for both DSR and DSRF during the period of the study, which indicates that AOD and SZA are important parameters affecting DSR and DSRF. The dust aerosols have a higher AOD (0.477), a higher scattering capacity (single scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.971) due to its components of mostly mineral sand and floating dust, and DSRF as high as 0.628 with an aerosol diffuse radiation effect (ADRE) of 194.942 W m−2. Comparing with dust aerosols, although the feature importance assessment values of SSA and angstrom exponent (AE) for DSR are more remarkable for biomass burning aerosols, the reduction in ADRE by 69.768 W m−2 may be attributed to the relatively larger effect of absorptive fine-particle-dominated aerosols on DSR. To study the effects of different types of aerosols on radiation and to improve understanding and knowledge in the fields of photosynthesis, renewable energy use and air quality monitoring.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of the Observed Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation Over the Maritime Continent by the Madden-Julian Oscillation

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD042054

Jack M. Mustafa, Adrian J. Matthews, Rob A. Hall, Karen J. Heywood, Marina V. C. Azaneu

{"title":"Modulation of the Observed Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation Over the Maritime Continent by the Madden-Julian Oscillation","authors":"Jack M. Mustafa, Adrian J. Matthews, Rob A. Hall, Karen J. Heywood, Marina V. C. Azaneu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042054","url":null,"abstract":"The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) exerts a downscale influence on the diurnal cycle (DC) of precipitation over the Maritime Continent (MC). We assess the characteristics of this downscale influence in GPM-IMERG data across the western MC, comparing the MJO cycles of daily mean precipitation, DC amplitude, DC timing, and additional diurnal characteristics. During a typical MJO event, islands and surrounding waters experience their greatest DC amplitude 2–4 days ahead of their greatest daily mean precipitation. The MJO has a greater influence on daily mean precipitation over water and on DC amplitude over land. Greatest DC amplitude over land leads greatest DC amplitude over surrounding waters by 3–6 days. Diurnal cycle timing varies systematically by MJO phase in most locations, particularly eastern Sumatra, eastern Borneo and the eastern Makassar Strait where the diurnal maximum may systematically vary in timing by over 4 hours. Over these regions, the diurnal maximum propagates westward before, and eastward after, the active MJO crosses the western MC. As the active MJO crosses, the diurnal maximum gets earlier across western land on large islands, and later across eastern land, creating a west-east regime divide in DC timing variability. Additional diurnal characteristics quantify further changes in the nature of the diurnal oscillation. MJO-induced changes in the diurnal timing of convective cloud cover may influence local radiation budgets. These results provide a detailed benchmark for the modulation of the DC by the MJO against which this scale interaction in models may be assessed.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Linear Sensitivity Framework to Understand the Drivers of the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Changes

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD042195

Qinqin Kong, Matthew Huber

{"title":"A Linear Sensitivity Framework to Understand the Drivers of the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Changes","authors":"Qinqin Kong, Matthew Huber","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042195","url":null,"abstract":"Better understanding of the physical drivers of sufficiently realistic representation of human heat stress is crucial for improving prediction and enhancing preparedness. Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a standard metric for workplace heat stress; however, its calculation involves complex parameterizations of radiative and convective energy exchange, making it difficult to understand the driving mechanisms behind WBGT changes. To address this issue, we introduce a sensitivity framework to analytically evaluate WBGT's response to meteorological input changes. By examining the form of sensitivity coefficients, we gain insights into the interactive effects of multiple environmental parameters in controlling WBGT. Given constant wind and solar radiation, the natural wet-bulb and black globe temperatures change at the same rate and direction as the wet- and dry-bulb temperatures, despite considerable differences in their absolute values. The framework, while having state-dependent sensitivity coefficients, can be linearized, transforming WBGT into a linear combination of temperature, specific humidity, surface pressure, and terms representing wind and solar radiation effects. These explicit and mathematically tractable relations between WBGT and more intuitively understandable variables enable leveraging established theories and methods to understand the driving mechanisms of WBGT changes. We apply the framework to understand the physical drivers of regional WBGT scaling with global warming and extreme WBGT synoptic events. The sensitivity framework also provides a customizable approach to develop locally tuned linear approximations of WBGT, with clear expectations regarding the direction and magnitude of the induced biases. It can also be used to diagnose sources of biases in existing simplified WBGT approximations.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field Investigation of Leaf-Level NO and NO2 Exchange Between Atmosphere and Mature Pinus massoniana in a Subtropical Forest

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD040905

Piaopiao Ke, Xiaodong Ge, Cheng Yu, Dongxing Yang, Ronghua Kang, Yongmei Huang, Lei Duan

{"title":"Field Investigation of Leaf-Level NO and NO2 Exchange Between Atmosphere and Mature Pinus massoniana in a Subtropical Forest","authors":"Piaopiao Ke, Xiaodong Ge, Cheng Yu, Dongxing Yang, Ronghua Kang, Yongmei Huang, Lei Duan","doi":"10.1029/2024JD040905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD040905","url":null,"abstract":"Canopy uptake of NOx (NO and NO2) is an important pathway for removing soil-emitted and atmospheric NOx, especially in forested areas. Deposition velocity of NO and NO2 varies among plant species and the existence of the compensation point, the concentration value when net exchange flux of NO or NO2 is zero, remains uncertain. Additionally, leaf-level uptake of NO and NO2 in subtropical forests in China has received little attention despite this area suffering from heavy nitrogen pollution. To help address the knowledge gap, leaf-level exchange of NO and NO2 between needles of mature Pinus massoniana and the atmosphere was monitored in situ in a subtropical forest in Southwest China. The results showed that the total uptake of NO and NO2 by the canopy reached 1.03 ± 0.31 kg N m−2 (Land) yr−1, of which 93.9% was contributed by NO2. The NO deposition velocity was below detection limit. For NO2 it ranged between 0.028 and 1.2 cm s−1. Distinct NO2 uptake was observed (0.035 cm s−1) during summer droughts when stomatal conductance was expected to be small. No consistent NO2 emissions or uptake were detected at low NO2 concentrations (<3 ppbv), indicating the need of controlled environments to conclusively determine the existence of a compensation point. Due to species-specific NO and NO2 deposition velocities and potential prolonged drought in East Asia, more long-term monitoring of leaf-level NO and NO2 exchanges for other subtropical tree species, especially during droughts, is needed to precisely constrain the regional NOx budget.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal Variations in the Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems Over Indian Monsoon Zone

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD042344

Manisha Tupsoundare, Sachin M. Deshpande, Zhe Feng, Subrata Kumar Das, Medha Deshpande, Harshad Hanmante

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variations in the Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems Over Indian Monsoon Zone","authors":"Manisha Tupsoundare, Sachin M. Deshpande, Zhe Feng, Subrata Kumar Das, Medha Deshpande, Harshad Hanmante","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042344","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines cloud and precipitation properties of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Indian monsoon zone using 6 years of high-resolution satellite-based tracking data. MCSs exhibit strong regional and seasonal variations, peaking during the summer monsoon (June–September). Concentrated along a southeast-northwest band of the monsoon trough, MCS contribute 40%–70% of total precipitation and predominantly move westward at an average speed of 6.3 m s−1. Long-lived MCSs (>40 hr), although 10 times less frequent than short-lived MCSs (5–20 hr), produce 2–3 times more rainfall. Longer MCS lifespans and higher rainfall are associated with stronger deep-layer wind shear and enhanced lower free-tropospheric moisture at initiation. Land and ocean MCSs exhibit distinct diurnal cycles. Most land-based MCSs initiate around 16 LT and mature at 18 LT, whereas Bay of Bengal (BoB) MCSs initiate between 04 and 06 LT and peak by 14 LT. Convective precipitations from MCSs significantly surpasses that from non-MCSs systems, emphasizing their critical role in intense monsoon rainfall. Short- and long-lived MCSs showed distinct lifecycle evolution. Long-lived MCSs over the BoB show 37% larger cold-cloud shields, 44% larger precipitation feature areas, and 33% higher rain rates than their land counterparts, yielding 67% more total rainfall. These BoB MCSs also grow faster and experience more frequent cloud mergers early in their lifecycle. These findings offer critical insights into monsoonal MCSs lifecycle evolution, providing observational constraints for improving model simulations of monsoonal convection.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution and Mechanisms of BVOCs Emitted From a Typical Large Lake With Algal Bloom to O3 Levels in Lakeside Urban Areas

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD042248

Min Shao, Yajing Wei, Shun Lv, Zihang Liao, Jun Zou, Jialei Zhu

{"title":"Contribution and Mechanisms of BVOCs Emitted From a Typical Large Lake With Algal Bloom to O3 Levels in Lakeside Urban Areas","authors":"Min Shao, Yajing Wei, Shun Lv, Zihang Liao, Jun Zou, Jialei Zhu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042248","url":null,"abstract":"Lakes near developed cities often experience algal blooms due to eutrophication, leading to odor and biogenic emissions that can potentially interfere with the formation of air pollutants such as O3 around these lakes. However, the impact and its pathways remain poorly understood. This study investigates the contributions of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from Lake Taihu to O3 formation in surrounding regions using a numerical approach. Composite analysis, case studies, and process analysis reveal that BVOC emissions from Lake Taihu increase hourly near-surface O3 concentrations, with a maximum rise of 25.5 μg m−3, improving model performance. The influence of lake BVOC emissions is large on the northwest side of Lake Taihu, primarily determined by the spatial emission patterns and dominant wind fields. The development of the planetary boundary layer, particularly the thermal internal boundary layer, and the enhanced lake breeze play important roles in increasing near-surface O3 levels over land, whereas variations in temperature play a minor role. Vertical cross-sections show that interactions between land-lake breezes and background wind fields are critical for O3 transport, increasing surface concentrations in surrounding areas. Additionally, lake BVOC emissions intensify both daytime and nighttime gas-phase chemical formation of O3, consuming nitrates and producing additional O3 within the lower troposphere. This study highlights the importance of local thermal circulations and lake BVOC emissions in O3 pollution, emphasizing the need for comprehensive air pollution control strategies in lakeside cities.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Land Expansion Amplifies Surface Warming More in Dry Climate than in Wet Climate: A Global Sensitivity Study

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041696

Keer Zhang, Bowen Fang, Keith Oleson, Lei Zhao, Chunyang He, Qingxu Huang, Zhifeng Liu, Chang Cao, Xuhui Lee

{"title":"Urban Land Expansion Amplifies Surface Warming More in Dry Climate than in Wet Climate: A Global Sensitivity Study","authors":"Keer Zhang, Bowen Fang, Keith Oleson, Lei Zhao, Chunyang He, Qingxu Huang, Zhifeng Liu, Chang Cao, Xuhui Lee","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041696","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization changes Earth's climate by contributing to the buildup of atmospheric greenhouse gases and altering surface biophysical properties. In climate models, the greenhouse aspect is prescribed with urbanization and emission trajectories embedded in socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). However, the biophysical aspect is omitted because no models currently simulate spatially explicit urban land transition. Urban land is typically warmer than adjacent natural land due to a large urban-versus-natural land contrast in biophysical properties. The lack of biophysical representation of urbanization in climate models raises the possibility that model projection of future warming may be biased low, especially in areas with intense urban land expansion. Here, we conduct a global sensitivity study using a dynamic urban scheme in the Community Earth System Model to quantify the biophysical effect of urban land expansion under the SSP5-RCP8.5 scenario. Constant urban radiative, thermal, and morphological properties are used. We find that the biophysical effect depends on land aridity. In climate zones where surface evaporation is water-limited, the biophysical effect causes a significant increase in air temperature (0.28 ± 0.19 K; mean ± one standard deviation of nine ensemble pairs; p < 0.01) in areas where urban expansion exceeds 5% by 2070. The majority of this warming signal is attributed to an indirect effect associated with atmospheric and land feedback, with the direct effect of land replacement playing a minor role. These atmospheric feedback processes, including solar brightening, soil drying, and stomatal closure, act to enhance the warming initiated by surface property changes of urban land replacement.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship Between Responses in Hydrological and Terrestrial Carbon Cycles to the 1815 Tambora Volcanic Eruption in MIROC-ES2L

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD043009

Manabu Abe, Tomohiro Hajima

{"title":"Relationship Between Responses in Hydrological and Terrestrial Carbon Cycles to the 1815 Tambora Volcanic Eruption in MIROC-ES2L","authors":"Manabu Abe, Tomohiro Hajima","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043009","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify how the hydrological cycle response affects the terrestrial carbon cycle response to volcanic eruption forcing, we investigated these responses and their relationships in an ideal simulation of the 1815 eruption of the Tambora volcano using an Earth system model called MIROC-ES2L. We compared the responses of the hydrological cycle with different timescales between land and ocean within approximately 5 years after the eruption. On land, because of a decrease in shortwave radiation (SW) due to the volcanic forcing, evaporation and precipitation decreased immediately after the eruption, and also cloud cover decreased and worked to increase SW, contrary to the volcanic forcing. In the ocean, the decrease in precipitation was more pronounced after approximately a year after the eruption. Thus, we noted a clear land-ocean contrast in weakening the global average response of the hydrological cycle. The global mean gross primary production (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystems has increased since the eruption. This increase is mainly due to the rise of tropical GPP, which was attributable to the reduced cloud cover caused by volcanic force. While the volcanic forcing decreased SW in most terrestrial areas, the reduced cloud cover contributed to the GPP increase through the increase in SW. The relationship between these responses highlights the importance of reducing uncertainty in Earth system models related to the response of the hydrological cycle, such as clouds, to reduce uncertainty in the carbon cycle's response to volcanic eruptions.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0