Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"On the Fate of VOCs During the Spring 2020 COVID-19 Lockdowns in Europe: A Study Based on the AirBase Data","authors":"Alexandre Caseiro,&nbsp;Pedro Salvador,&nbsp;Erika von Schneidemesser","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus lead many European governments to issue stay-at-home orders for the sake of controlling its impacts on the health systems. The associated decrease in human activities and therefore emissions provided a unique opportunity for a real world laboratory for atmospheric scientists. The impact on primary emissions, that is, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mtext>NO</mtext>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{NO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, has been vastly studied but its consequences on secondary pollutants, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${mathrm{O}}_{3}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and secondary organic aerosol, have been reported to a lesser degree and the understanding is more limited. One reason is the chronic imbalance in the attention dedicated to volatile organic compounds. In the present study, we report on the evolution of volatile organic compounds under lockdown conditions in Europe by analyzing the concentrations relayed to the Airbase service of the European Environmental Agency. Subsetting was performed to account for human activity and the influence of meteorology. Traffic or urban stations exhibited the most important reduction in benzene and, more substantially, toluene concentrations. Xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, and ethylbenzene also decreased under lockdown conditions, though less when the synoptic conditions were associated with slow flows. Acyclic alkenes evidenced no change or increased slightly, whereas n-alkanes increased. The evolution of the relative importance of the sources was investigated by means of diagnostic ratios (toluene to benzene and benzene to toluene to ethylbenzene) and exhibited a shift from traffic toward biomass/biofuel/coal burning, indicating a possible increase in the domestic use of solvents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Urban Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Structures Over the Yangtze River Delta Region","authors":"Xiangyu Ao,&nbsp;Qinya Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Yu,&nbsp;Lin Deng,&nbsp;Gengjiao Ye","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How the complex urban surface heterogeneity influences wind field structures induced by tropical cyclones remains poorly understood despite its importance for disaster mitigation. Here high-resolution numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the multi-layer urban canopy model (WRF/BEP, Building Effect Parameterization) are conducted to address this issue with the case of landfalling Typhoon Lekima (2019) over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration. Results show that the WRF/BEP reproduces the typhoon track and intensity reasonably well and the YRD urban agglomeration only slightly influences the typhoon track and intensity. The BEP significantly improves the overestimation and probability distribution of the 10 m wind speed attributed to the explicit representation of building surface drag effect. Urbanization enhances boundary layer vertical ascending and descending motions, aligning with cross-sectional analyses along urban clusters. During the typhoon primarily influenced period, the attenuation rate of the daytime wind speed due to urbanization at the lowest level reaches 56.6%, which is about 15.5% larger than that during pre-typhoon or post-typhoon periods, leading to a more pronounced vertical gradient in near-surface wind speeds. This is attributed to the almost vanished urban heat island (UHI) effect during the typhoon influenced period, which stabilizes the daytime boundary layer conditions. As a result, the vertical mixing is reduced and consequently the vertical downward transport of momentum to the surface is weakened. This study provides new insights into the importance of the urban land surface processes on regulating the wind structures under tropical cyclone backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratospheric Polar Vortex Prolongs the Persistence of Northern Annular Mode During Winter: The Role of Refractive Index","authors":"Qi Shan,&nbsp;Ke Fan","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies have demonstrated significant modulation of stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) on the northern annular mode (NAM) during winter, whereas the specific processes are not fully understood. This study investigates how the SPV prolongs the persistence of the NAM on the subseasonal timescales during winter. Our results suggest that the quasi-geostrophic refractive index (RI) at the high latitudes of mid-to-upper troposphere (HL-MTUT) may serve as a critical mediator in this process. Specifically, the preestablished SPV anomaly can persistently alter the RI at HL-MTUT through directly modifying the vertical curvature of zonal wind in this region. The RI anomaly at HL-MTUT, which reflects changes in the waveguide properties of zonal flow, can affect the meridional propagation of tropospheric eddies and is a key factor in the eddy-zonal flow interactions associated with the NAM. Acting as a mediator, the HL-MTUT RI will transmit the persistent anomalous signal of the SPV, which has a longer timescale compared to tropospheric variability, into the intrinsic dynamic processes of NAM. Consequently, the SPV will prolong the persistence of NAM. The above mechanism is further supported by a comparison of active-SPV and inactive-SPV years: In active-SPV years, a greater persistence of the NAM is accompanied by a correspondingly greater persistence in both the vertical curvature of zonal wind and the RI at HL-MTUT.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscale Convective Systems Tracking Method Intercomparison (MCSMIP): Application to DYAMOND Global km-Scale Simulations","authors":"Zhe Feng,&nbsp;Andreas F. Prein,&nbsp;Julia Kukulies,&nbsp;Thomas Fiolleau,&nbsp;William K. Jones,&nbsp;Ben Maybee,&nbsp;Zachary L. Moon,&nbsp;Kelly M. Núñez Ocasio,&nbsp;Wenhao Dong,&nbsp;Maria J. Molina,&nbsp;Mary Grace Albright,&nbsp;Manikandan Rajagopal,&nbsp;Vanessa Robledo,&nbsp;Jinyan Song,&nbsp;Fengfei Song,&nbsp;L. Ruby Leung,&nbsp;Adam C. Varble,&nbsp;Cornelia Klein,&nbsp;Remy Roca,&nbsp;Ran Feng,&nbsp;John F. Mejia","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global kilometer-scale models represent the future of Earth system modeling, enabling explicit simulation of organized convective storms and their associated extreme weather. Here, we comprehensively evaluate tropical mesoscale convective system (MCS) characteristics in the DYAMOND (DYnamics of the atmospheric general circulation modeled on non-hydrostatic domains) simulations for both summer and winter phases. Using 10 different feature trackers applied to simulations and satellite observations, we assess MCS frequency, precipitation, and other key characteristics. Substantial differences (a factor of 2–3) arise among trackers in observed MCS frequency and their precipitation contribution, but model-observation differences in MCS statistics are more consistent across trackers. DYAMOND models are generally skillful in simulating tropical mean MCS frequency, with multi-model mean biases ranging from −2%–8% over land and −8%–8% over ocean (summer vs. winter). However, most DYAMOND models underestimate MCS precipitation amount (23%) and their contribution to total precipitation (17%). Biases in precipitation contributions are generally smaller over land (13%) than over ocean (21%), with moderate inter-model variability. While models better simulate MCS diurnal cycles and cloud shield characteristics, they overestimate MCS precipitation intensity and underestimate stratiform rain contributions (up to a factor of 2), particularly over land, albeit observational uncertainties exist. Additionally, models exhibit a wide range of precipitable water in the tropics compared to reanalysis and satellite observations, with many models showing exaggerated sensitivity of MCS precipitation intensity to precipitable water. The MCS metrics developed here provide process-oriented diagnostics to guide future model development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using EnKF Data Assimilation to Improve Predictions of Volcanic Ash Dispersion","authors":"Zefeng Weng,&nbsp;Lin Zhu,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Yiran Zhang,&nbsp;Xuyan Liu,&nbsp;Wu Su,&nbsp;Hongfu Sun,&nbsp;Xinyu Li","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate forecasts of volcanic ash dispersion patterns as well as the ability to quantify cloud top heights and mass loading properties are critical in mitigating the risks associated with volcanic eruptions. Currently, physical dispersion models and satellite observations are the primary methods used to forecast and monitor volcanic ash clouds, but each has limitations. Leveraging their respective advantages and effectively integrating physical dispersion models and satellite data are key to improving the accuracy of volcanic ash dispersion forecasts. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) can be used to optimize model predictions of volcanic ash dispersion by assimilating observational data, thereby combining the complementary benefits of predictions and observations. In this study, an EnKF-based data assimilation method is presented that combines satellite observations with a volcanic ash dispersion model (HYSPLIT) to further improve the accuracy of volcanic ash dispersion predictions. The eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) during May 2010 were used to evaluate the performance of this approach. The results indicate that the forecasts optimized using data assimilation show marginal improvements in the accuracy of the spatial distribution, mass loading, and cloud top height of the ash cloud at times even outperforming the corresponding satellite retrievals. This method addresses the issue of insufficient model initialization accuracy and continuously optimizes predictions through the ongoing assimilation of satellite observations, thereby enhancing the accuracy of model predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Ozone Control Strategies for Chinese Megacity Clusters Under the Influence of Stratospheric Intrusion","authors":"Kaihui Zhao,&nbsp;Wen Chen,&nbsp;Puyu Lian,&nbsp;Danni Xu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stratosphere intrusion (stratospheric intrusion (SI)), the largest natural source of ozone (O₃), poses a significant challenge for policymakers in developing effective O₃ control strategies. Understanding the emission reduction pathway under SI influence is crucial for achieving long-term O₃ attainment. However, the role of SI in tropospheric O₃ pollution in China remains poorly understood. To develop effective O₃ control strategies, we employed a localized comprehensive air quality model and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. We found that SI contributions vary seasonally, peaking in spring at lower latitudes and then delays northward progressively as latitude increases, with peak SI contributions at higher latitudes occur in June. Spatially, SI impacts surface O₃ most in high-latitude regions, decreasing with lower latitudes. As O₃-laden air reaches the surface, O₃ control strategies become less effective, necessitating additional emission reductions. As SI contributions increase, the optimal emission reduction pathway shifts: for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Pearl River Delta regions during the spring seasons from 2020 to 2023, it changes from “VOC only” to “NO_x only” at thresholds of 13.57 and 8.39 ppb, respectively. For Yangtze River Delta, Fenwei Plain, and Chengyu, the “VOC only” path remains optimal. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to develop effective strategies to mitigate SI's negative effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating New Particle Formation in Complex Terrain During the Winter 2022 Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) Campaign","authors":"Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas,&nbsp;Sebastian W. Hoch,&nbsp;Eric Pardyjak,&nbsp;Maria Garcia,&nbsp;William Brown,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Pu,&nbsp;A. Gannet Hallar","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New particle formation (NPF) is a complex atmospheric phenomenon defined by the gas-to-particle conversion that leads to the sudden burst and growth in aerosol particles. Although chemical mechanisms for aerosol nucleation and growth are well established, the role of physical processes, such as turbulent mixing, within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is beginning to emerge with recent studies. This study, based on the observations from the 2022 CFACT (Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain) field study in the Heber Valley of northern Utah, demonstrates an interconnection between turbulence and the occurrence of NPF. Using a spatially distributed boundary layer instrumentation, a novel feature of CFACT, three case studies depict unique boundary layer conditions that modulate the development of NPF characterized by sustained turbulence and weak intermittent turbulence. Quantitative analysis using in situ measurements and derived variables demonstrate that periods of weak intermittent turbulence hinder particle growth, whereas sustained turbulence helps modulate NPF. These findings provide new insights into the physical drivers of NPF, underscoring the role of turbulence in impacting particle formation with the ABL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Seasonal Variation of the Direct Current Global Electric Circuit: 2. Further Analysis Based on Simulations","authors":"Nikolay N. Slyunyaev,&nbsp;Fedor G. Sarafanov,&nbsp;Nikolay V. Ilin,&nbsp;Evgeny A. Mareev,&nbsp;Evgeny M. Volodin,&nbsp;Alexander V. Frank-Kamenetsky,&nbsp;Earle R. Williams","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both simulations and measurements indicate the existence of stable annual behavior of the global electric circuit (GEC) intensity, but the exact pattern of variation is very difficult to reliably determine. Here we present further analysis of this problem using the results of ionospheric potential (IP) simulations with two different models of atmospheric dynamics. From a theoretical perspective, the annual variation of the GEC is eventually determined by seasonal changes in the distribution of convection, associated with the annual cycle of insolation. Simulations clearly demonstrate that the contribution to the IP from the vicinity of the equator has two maxima following the equinoxes, whereas the contribution of nonequatorial latitudes in each hemisphere has one maximum during the local summer. The resulting seasonal variation of the GEC, being the sum of three clear patterns offsetting each other, is rather subtle, and its prediction in simulations may vary depending on the model and IP parameterization. It is likely that the actual seasonal variation of the diurnal mean GEC intensity has one pronounced maximum during the Northern Hemisphere summer and one pronounced minimum during the Northern Hemisphere winter, in agreement with potential gradient measurements in Antarctica and in agreement with the larger portion of the Northern Hemisphere occupied by land. Physical parameters characterizing convection do not provide a very good measure of contributions to the IP, notably overestimating the role of equatorial latitudes; by including surface air temperature in the IP parameterization, one can achieve a better agreement between simulations and observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Measurements of Daytime Decay Rates of Levoglucosan, Mannosan, and Galactosan","authors":"Qiongqiong Wang,&nbsp;Shan Wang,&nbsp;Hanzhe Chen,&nbsp;Zijing Zhang,&nbsp;Huan Yu,&nbsp;Man Nin Chan,&nbsp;Jian Zhen Yu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying atmospheric degradation of levoglucosan, a highly specific molecular marker for biomass burning (BB) aerosols, is essential in assessing impacts of BB on air quality and climate. However, the stability of levoglucosan in the atmosphere has only been evaluated through laboratory experiments or model simulations. Here, we investigated the atmospheric stability of levoglucosan and its two co-emitting isomers, mannosan and galactosan, utilizing bihourly measurement data at a suburban site in Hong Kong over a period of 4 months. The concentrations of the three saccharides, upon normalization by BB-derived potassium, displayed a distinct and consistent depletion during daytime hours from 08:00 to 16:00, which follows an exponential decay pattern. We calculated individual daytime decay rate constants of the three saccharides by utilizing their day-by-day decay kinetics. The decay rates of mannosan and galactosan were 34% and 40% higher than that of levoglucosan. The estimated lifetime of levoglucosan was 13 ± 7 hr, ranging from 3 to 46 hr under the atmospheric condition of temperature of 22 ± 5°C, and a relative humidity of 55 ± 14%. This work provides the first kinetic data of levoglucosan degradation derived from real ambient measurements. They are valuable for refining model predictions concerning BB aerosol impacts on local, regional, and global scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Warming-Based Observations Reveal Constrained Apparent Temperature Sensitivities of Cropland N2O Emissions","authors":"Wantong Zhang,&nbsp;Ming Nie,&nbsp;Haoming Yu,&nbsp;Joachim Audet,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Cui,&nbsp;Yunting Fang,&nbsp;Huayan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuaixiang Zhao,&nbsp;Wenxin Ba,&nbsp;Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041871","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions to warming is critical for accurately projecting nitrogen-climate feedback. Compelling evidences have shown that N₂O emissions are temperature dependent, offering insights into their intrinsic temperature sensitivity. However, when extrapolating from laboratory-controlled to field-ambient conditions, it remains unclear how this temperature sensitivity varied across cropland fields subject to diverse environmental and anthropogenic constraints. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 144 field-warming observations worldwide, aiming to address the magnitude, heterogeneity, and drivers of such apparent temperature sensitivity. The results showed that mean growing-season field-scale N₂O emissions were not strongly temperature dependent with low averaged activation energy (0.32 eV) compared with that of laboratory-scale observations (0.62 eV). At site levels, the spatial variation in such temperature sensitivity was primarily driven by the interactions of nitrogen fertilization, edaphic, and climatic variables. This analysis also identified a crucial yet frequently overlooked role of soil pH in nonlinearly modulating such temperature sensitivity. Our findings provide evidence for understanding nitrogen and climate feedback by capturing the soil-climate-management constrained warming response and highlight the importance of incorporating these constraints into models to improve prediction accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}