Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres最新文献_第4页

Evaluating the Importance of Nitrate-Containing Aerosols for the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer 评估含硝酸盐气溶胶对亚洲对流层顶气溶胶层的重要性

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041283

Yunqian Zhu, Pengfei Yu, Xinyue Wang, Charles Bardeen, Stephan Borrmann, Michael Höpfner, Christoph Mahnke, Ralf Weigel, Martina Krämer, Terry Deshler, Jianchun Bian, Zhixuan Bai, Hazel Vernier, Robert W. Portmann, Karen H. Rosenlof, Corinna Kloss, Laura L. Pan, Warren Smith, Shawn Honomichl, Jun Zhang, Kane A. Stone, Owen Brian Toon

{"title":"Evaluating the Importance of Nitrate-Containing Aerosols for the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer","authors":"Yunqian Zhu, Pengfei Yu, Xinyue Wang, Charles Bardeen, Stephan Borrmann, Michael Höpfner, Christoph Mahnke, Ralf Weigel, Martina Krämer, Terry Deshler, Jianchun Bian, Zhixuan Bai, Hazel Vernier, Robert W. Portmann, Karen H. Rosenlof, Corinna Kloss, Laura L. Pan, Warren Smith, Shawn Honomichl, Jun Zhang, Kane A. Stone, Owen Brian Toon","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041283","url":null,"abstract":"The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) convection transports aerosols and their precursors from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). This process forms an annually recurring aerosol layer near the tropopause. Recent observations have revealed a distinct property of the aerosol layer over the ASM region, it is nitrate-rich. We present a newly implemented aerosol formation algorithm that enhances the representation of nitrate aerosol in the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) coupled with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The simulated aerosol chemical composition, as well as vertical distributions of aerosol size and mass, are evaluated using in situ and remote sensing observations. The simulated concentrations (ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate) and size distributions are generally within the error bars of data. We find nitrate, organics, and sulfate contribute significantly to the UTLS aerosol concentration between 15°–45°N and 0°–160°E. The two key formation mechanisms of nitrate-containing aerosols in the ATAL are ammonium neutralization to form ammonium nitrate in regions where convection is active, and condensation of nitric acid in regions of cold temperature. Furthermore, including nitrate formation in the model doubles the surface area density in the tropical tropopause region between 15°–45°N and 0°–160°E, which alters the chlorine partitioning and subsequently impacts the rate of ozone depletion.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing Wet Season Precipitation in the Central Amazon Using a Mesoscale Convective System Tracking Algorithm 利用中尺度对流系统跟踪算法描述亚马逊中部雨季降水特征

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041004

Sheng-Lun Tai, Zhe Feng, James Marquis, Jerome Fast

{"title":"Characterizing Wet Season Precipitation in the Central Amazon Using a Mesoscale Convective System Tracking Algorithm","authors":"Sheng-Lun Tai, Zhe Feng, James Marquis, Jerome Fast","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041004","url":null,"abstract":"To comprehensively characterize convective precipitation in the central Amazon region, we utilize the Python FLEXible object TRacKeR (PyFLEXTRKR) to track mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed through satellite measurements and simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a convection-permitting resolution. This study spans a 2-month period during the wet seasons of 2014 and 2015. We observe a strong correlation between the MCS track density and accumulated precipitation in the Amazon basin. Key factors contributing to precipitation, such as MCS properties (number, size, rainfall intensity, and movement), are thoroughly examined. Our analysis reveals that while the overall model produces fewer MCSs with smaller mean sizes compared to observations, it tends to overpredict total precipitation due to excessive rainfall intensity for heavy rainfall events (≥10 mm hr−1). These biases in simulated MCS properties could vary with the constraints on the convective background environment. Moreover, while the wet bias from heavy (convective) rainfall outweighs the dry bias in light (stratiform) rainfall, the latter can be crucial, particularly when MCS cloud cover is significantly underestimated. A case study for 1 April 2014 highlights the influence of environmental conditions on the MCS lifecycle and identifies an unrealistic model representation in both stratiform and convective precipitation features.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interdecadal Springtime Aerosol Increase in the North Indian Ocean Observed From the Satellite AVHRR Instrument 卫星高级甚高分辨率辐射计仪器观测到的北印度洋春季气溶胶的年代际增加

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041028

Yongsheng Zhang, James Frech, Xuepeng Zhao, Huai-min Zhang

{"title":"Interdecadal Springtime Aerosol Increase in the North Indian Ocean Observed From the Satellite AVHRR Instrument","authors":"Yongsheng Zhang, James Frech, Xuepeng Zhao, Huai-min Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041028","url":null,"abstract":"A 38-year aerosol optical thickness (AOT) satellite product from the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is used to investigate the aerosol variabilities in the North Indian Ocean (NIO). A dipolar mode with a notable meridional contrast between the equatorial and northern NIO is revealed by the second mode of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis with a sharp rise over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) since 2002. Our results show that the aerosol dipolar variation is primarily modulated by an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1983–2001 (ID1) and by a warm phase of Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) during 2002–2020 (ID2), leading to a dry-and-warming condition spanning the coasts of East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula (AP), and South Asia (SA) that favors increasing aerosol emission and a longer life cycle in the upstream regions. A warm phase of the AMO tends to excite an anomalous cyclone in western Siberia and reinforces anticyclonic circulation in the Tibetan Plateau. Correlation analyses between the second EOF mode time series and other parameters in ID1 and ID2 show that an interannual dry-and-warming condition over the AP–SA is associated with a noticeable north-south contrast of convection between the equatorial NIO and AP–SA in ID1. But in ID2, a zonal contrast of anomalous convective activities between the AP–SA and the BoB-South China Sea is dominant, partially due to the warming AMO, which aids the development of anticyclonic cells over the TP and the strengthened subtropical westerly jet streams.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationships Between the Wintertime Atmospheric Blocking and Cold Surges Over Eurasia Revealed by Clustering 聚类揭示欧亚大陆冬季大气阻塞与寒潮之间的关系

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD040974

Zifan Yang, Wenyu Huang, Jonathon S. Wright, Wenqian Ma, Bin Wang

{"title":"Relationships Between the Wintertime Atmospheric Blocking and Cold Surges Over Eurasia Revealed by Clustering","authors":"Zifan Yang, Wenyu Huang, Jonathon S. Wright, Wenqian Ma, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JD040974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD040974","url":null,"abstract":"A unified clustering framework based on pattern correlation is used to identify eight blocking regimes over Eurasia and surrounding oceans during the winter months (December–March) of 1948–2021. The regimes are labeled based on their centers of action, which are located over the West Atlantic, Greenland, the East Atlantic, Scandinavia, the Ural Mountains and Siberia, the Okhotsk Sea, the Bering Strait, and the North Pacific. It should be noted that the classification is almost insensitive to the time period but mainly depends on the percentage of different blocking events. The spatial distributions of cold surges differ substantially among these eight regimes. Due mainly to the cold advection downstream of the centers of blocking activities, cold surges can be observed over parts of the Eurasian continent. Possible relationships between the eight blocking regimes and large-scale modes of climate variability, including the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, are explored. Not only contemporary connections but also the predictive value of large-scale modes is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capturing Urban Heterogeneity Enhances Tropical Cyclones Simulation in Houston 捕捉城市异质性可增强对休斯顿热带气旋的模拟

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD040807

K. Y. Fung, Z.-L. Yang, D. Niyogi

{"title":"Capturing Urban Heterogeneity Enhances Tropical Cyclones Simulation in Houston","authors":"K. Y. Fung, Z.-L. Yang, D. Niyogi","doi":"10.1029/2024JD040807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD040807","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization in the coastal region has increased socioeconomic losses from landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs). Although previous studies have explored the broad impacts of urbanization on TCs, the effect of heterogeneity caused by local intra-urban variability has not been examined. To address this gap, this study utilized the urban Local Climate Zone (LCZ) to capture the urban landscape heterogeneity and the impacts of this representation on the simulation of the post-landfall TCs characteristics in Houston. Taking the case of two recent TCs: Hurricane Harvey (occurred in 2017) and Tropical Storm Imelda (occurred in 2019), the study evaluated the impact of urban heterogeneity on 10-m winds, 2-m temperature, land surface temperature, and precipitation across Houston. The consideration of intra-urban heterogeneity using LCZ can improve the 10-m winds, 2-m temperature, and spatial pattern of land surface temperature. Although the cumulative rainfall remained largely similar within the experiments (with and without LCZ), incorporating intra-urban heterogeneity notably modified the spatial structure of urban rainfall, particularly in simulating heavy rainfall hot spots. These findings are consistent for both TCs and demonstrate the positive impact of incorporating intra-urban heterogeneity on the landfalling TC simulations over the Houston area.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD040807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observation of Electrical Alignment Signatures in an Isolated Thunderstorm by Dual-Polarized Phased Array Weather Radar and the Relationship With Intracloud Lightning Flash Rate 通过双极化相控阵天气雷达观测孤立雷暴中的电排列特征以及与云内闪电率的关系

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1029/2023JD040681

Shuo Wang, Yuuki Wada, Syugo Hayashi, Tomoo Ushio, V. Chandrasekar

{"title":"Observation of Electrical Alignment Signatures in an Isolated Thunderstorm by Dual-Polarized Phased Array Weather Radar and the Relationship With Intracloud Lightning Flash Rate","authors":"Shuo Wang, Yuuki Wada, Syugo Hayashi, Tomoo Ushio, V. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1029/2023JD040681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD040681","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical alignment signatures of ice crystals in the middle and upper parts of a thunderstorm have a physical connection with the strong electric fields within the cloud. By taking advantage of the high spatio-temporal resolution of an X-band dual-polarized multiparameter phased array radar, this paper employs negative KDP signatures to investigate the variation of electric fields in an isolated thunderstorm within its evolution, and the relationship between the negative KDP signatures and intracloud (IC) lightning activity. The results show that the radar-inferred strong electric fields distributed in a region of about 8.5–10 km during the developing stage, then extended from about 10 km to the cloud top during the mature stage, with an increasing IC lightning flash rate before the end of the mature stage. Subsequently, the electric fields weakened associated with a large amount of IC lightning discharges. The qualitative analysis results indicate that the evolution of the radar-inferred electric fields associated with the upper charge regions is consistent with the electrification process in the isolated thunderstorm, inferred by the IC lighting activity. In addition, there is a tendency for the increased IC lightning rate as the decrease in average composite KDP in the middle and upper layers of the thunderstorm, with a time lag of about 5.5 min between the minimum average composite KDP and the peak IC lightning rate, while a good correlation between the negative KDP volume and the IC lightning flash rate at a lag of approximately 9 min.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023JD040681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of WindBorne Observation Assimilation on Prediction of a TPV Merger Case From THINICE 风带观测同化对来自 THINICE 的冠捷合并案例预测的影响

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041395

Aaron Johnson, Xuguang Wang, Todd Hutchinson, Joan Creus-Costa

{"title":"Impact of WindBorne Observation Assimilation on Prediction of a TPV Merger Case From THINICE","authors":"Aaron Johnson, Xuguang Wang, Todd Hutchinson, Joan Creus-Costa","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041395","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of assimilating in situ temperature, moisture and wind observations from a WindBorne Systems balloon, with long duration and adjustable ballast, is evaluated using a case study from the 2022 THINICE field campaign. A case is selected wherein the WindBorne balloon directly sampled a jet streak associated with a tropopause polar vortex (TPV). The observed TPV merged with another TPV at the same time as a downstream Arctic cyclone (AC) redeveloped eastward. The case is used to better understand the role of the observed TPV in the evolution of the downstream AC. The assimilation of the WindBorne observations improves the forecast track and amplitude of the TPV during the ∼1 day forecast period that the TPV can be tracked as a distinct feature. The root mean square error of temperature at 350 hPa is improved by the WindBorne assimilation throughout the 2.5 day forecast period. The surface cyclone track forecast is improved by the WindBorne assimilation during the period of eastward redevelopment of the surface cyclone, and the sea level pressure RMSE in the surrounding region is reduced during the first ∼1.5 days of forecast lead time. Results demonstrate the capability of the long-duration controllable WindBorne balloons to improve the analysis of the TPV associated with the jet streak, leading to improved forecast of both tropopause-level and surface pressure features. Additionally, the importance of observing the upstream TPV amplitude for improving forecasts of the process of TPV merging and its impact on the evolution and longevity of the mature AC is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EMPPIC: A PIC Code for Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse EMPPIC：核电磁脉冲 PIC 代码

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041074

Jiansheng Yao, Yingkui Zhao, Min Wang, Yin Xia, Difa Ye

{"title":"EMPPIC: A PIC Code for Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse","authors":"Jiansheng Yao, Yingkui Zhao, Min Wang, Yin Xia, Difa Ye","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041074","url":null,"abstract":"The nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) is a pulsed electromagnetic wave generated by the prompt gamma emitted from a nuclear explosion. In the 1970s, Longley and Longmire proposed a simulation method for the NEMP, which has been widely used in the NEMP simulation such as the widely used code CHAP. Constrained by the computational capabilities of the time, the CHAP program relied on numerous assumptions, which have been scrutinized in recent years. In addition to the CHAP method, in 2016, Friedman et al. proposed the idea of constructing a NEMP program based on the Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method. The PIC method not only accurately simulates the dynamics of electrons but also self-consistently simulates the influence of pulsed electromagnetic fields on electrons, and requires fewer assumptions. Unfortunately, due to the excessively computational consuming of the PIC method, Friedman et al. couldn't simulate the full-scale NEMP spanning tens of kilometers. In this paper, we present the first full-scale simulation program for the NEMP based on the PIC-fluid coupling method. By utilizing the moving window method, double-grid methods and linked list storage techniques, we significantly reduce the computational consuming. Additionally, a mixed scattering collision method is used to efficiently simulate elastic collisions between Compton electrons and atmospheric molecules. Detailed discussions of the relevant simulation results are also provided.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microplastic and Associated Black Particles From Road-Tire Wear: Implications for Radiative Effects Across the Cryosphere and in the Atmosphere 道路轮胎磨损产生的微塑料及相关黑色颗粒：对整个冰冻圈和大气层辐射效应的影响

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041116

Richard L. Reynolds, Nick Molden, Raymond F. Kokaly, Heather Lowers, George N. Breit, Harland L. Goldstein, Elizabeth K. Williams, Corey R. Lawrence, Jeff Derry

{"title":"Microplastic and Associated Black Particles From Road-Tire Wear: Implications for Radiative Effects Across the Cryosphere and in the Atmosphere","authors":"Richard L. Reynolds, Nick Molden, Raymond F. Kokaly, Heather Lowers, George N. Breit, Harland L. Goldstein, Elizabeth K. Williams, Corey R. Lawrence, Jeff Derry","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041116","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental effects of airborne micro- and nano-size plastic particles are poorly understood. Microscopy and chemical analyses of atmospherically deposited particles on snow surfaces at high elevation (2,865–3,690 m) in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB; Colorado Rocky Mountains) revealed the presence of black substances intimately associated with microplastic fibers, particles interpreted to have originated as tire matter. Identical and similar particles occur in shredded tires and road-surface samples. The substance responsible for the black color of all tires is carbon black, a graphitic light-absorbing tire additive produced by hydrocarbon combustion that homogeneously permeates the mixture of tire polymers and other additives. Such black tire matter may thus exert radiative effects closely similar to those of black carbon. The presence in snow of many organic compound types common to tires, measured by two-dimensional gas chromatography, suggests that atmospherically deposited black road-tire-wear matter is among the light-absorbing particulates that advance the onset and rate of snow melt in the UCRB. The mass of road-tire-wear particles shed from vehicles may be estimated by multiplying measured amounts of eroded tire-per-distance traveled by vehicular distances. Under a combination of measurements and assumptions about the amounts and radiative properties of atmospheric tire-wear particles, the radiative effects of these particles might add about 10%–30% to those effects from black carbon, an estimate ripe for revision. On regional and global scales, the amounts and effects of emitted and deposited tire-wear matter likely vary by factors of geographic source, transport pathway, and depositional setting.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Coastal Winds and Turbulence Characteristics Using Doppler Lidar 利用多普勒激光雷达研究沿海风和湍流特征

IF 3.8 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2024JD041429

Ninghui Li, Quinn Dyer-Hawes, Djordje Romanic, Massimiliano Burlando

{"title":"Investigation of Coastal Winds and Turbulence Characteristics Using Doppler Lidar","authors":"Ninghui Li, Quinn Dyer-Hawes, Djordje Romanic, Massimiliano Burlando","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041429","url":null,"abstract":"Sea ports play a major role in the transport of goods worldwide, and knowledge of wind characteristics in these areas is vital to maintaining safety. However, coastal wind flow can be highly complex and turbulent, necessitating additional analysis. A Doppler lidar providing continuous wind profiles is deployed in the Port of Genoa, Italy, to characterize the mean wind velocity and turbulence properties within the coastal surface layer (40–250 m above ground level). Weather conditions, reanalysis data, and transient wind profiles are combined to analyze wind field characteristics on a day which experienced a thunderstorm. We also utilize a method to identify and categorize sources of turbulence through analysis of lidar derived quantities such as wind shear, turbulent kinetic energy, and vertical skewness. Seasonal variations in the wind properties are investigated by selecting data from June (summer) and December (winter). Differences are found in dominant wind direction and the associated frequency of convective mixing, with onshore winds most common in summer and offshore winds in winter. The measured lidar velocity is also compared against Monin–Obukhov similarity theory predictions, showing satisfactory agreement at low heights but struggling to reproduce observations of the stable atmospheric conditions present during winter.","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD041429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0