Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Ocean Heat Transport in Tropical Radiative Convective Equilibrium","authors":"B. D. Dygert,&nbsp;Dennis L. Hartmann","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A global climate model is run in radiative-convective equilibrium including a slab ocean with a specified ocean heat transport analogous to what is seen in the tropical Pacific. The insolation is varied to create a range of global mean equilibrium temperatures. These results are compared with experiments that do not include a specified ocean heat transport. The ocean heat transport cools the coldest Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) and increases the SST contrast. The warmest SSTs change much less with the addition of ocean heat transport because increased atmospheric transport moves energy away from the warm region. The ocean heat transport also increases the efficiency of cooling by outgoing longwave radiation in the subsiding region, allowing for a cooler global mean SST. At colder global mean temperatures ocean heat transport creates a high-contrast state in which abundant low clouds play a strong role in maintaining the SST contrast. This high-contrast state abruptly transitions to a warmer, low-SST-contrast state as the climate is warmed by increasing insolation. At warmer temperatures comparable to the current tropics, the low cloud response is less important than longwave emission in maintaining the SST contrast. Although ocean heat transport cools the climate, it does not much affect the sensitivity of the model climate to increasing insolation. Comparison of the model results to ERA5 reanalysis data shows that mechanisms responsible for the SST distribution and energy budget changes in this idealized model are analogous to variability that occurs over the tropical Pacific Ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downscaled Climate Projections of Tropical and Ex-Tropical Cyclones Over the Southwest Pacific","authors":"Peter B. Gibson,&nbsp;Hamish Lewis,&nbsp;Isaac Campbell,&nbsp;Neelesh Rampal,&nbsp;Nicolas Fauchereau,&nbsp;Luke J. Harrington","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable projections of tropical cyclones (TCs) and associated impacts remain hampered by both climate model resolution and simulation length. To address this, here we present updated projections of TCs for the southwest Pacific from a high-resolution downscaled ensemble of CMIP6 models. The downscaling implements a variable-resolution atmospheric model enhancing resolution over the southwest Pacific and New Zealand (∼12–30 km). We assess future changes in TC frequency, changes in large-scale environmental conditions, and associated extreme precipitation and winds across tropical and ex-tropical storm phases. Changes in TC track pathways are also investigated through cluster analysis. Across the downscaled simulations, robust changes in TC frequency were not found, including for a high-emissions scenario at end-of-century. Projections of the background environmental conditions are shown to be a significant source of uncertainty, owing to diverging projections of relative SST and tropical convection across the region in the host GCMs. However, very strong TCs (category 4 and above) show greater consensus for an increase in frequency, with 16 of 18 simulations across models and scenarios projecting an increase. Cluster analysis of TC tracks indicates a slight decrease in tracks that often impact northern parts of Australia. Extreme precipitation associated with TCs under a high-emissions scenario is projected to increase by ∼30%–35% averaged across models, both for storms in the tropics and ex-TCs impacting New Zealand. This increase exceeds Clausius-Clapeyron scaling in five of six simulations. These projected increases in associated extreme precipitation pose significant societal risks despite the remaining uncertainty in TC frequency changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Semi-Lagrangian Advection Scheme for Transport of Stable Water Isotopes Over the Antarctic Plateau in the Isotope-Incorporated Global Spectral Model (IsoGSM)","authors":"Namgu Yeo,&nbsp;Eun-Chul Chang,&nbsp;Kei Yoshimura","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stable water isotopes have unique physical characteristics and are therefore key in research on paleoclimate proxies and Earth's hydrological cycle. Isotope-incorporated General Circulation Models (GCMs) are powerful tools that account for the physical processes related to stable water isotopes. In this study, we implemented a global version of the Non-iteration Dimensional-split Semi-Lagrangian (NDSL) advection scheme in the IsoGSM to address a systematic bias in the delta values of surface precipitation over the Antarctic Plateau during austral winter (June–July–August; JJA). Results indicate that the spatial distribution of delta deuterium of surface precipitation during austral summer (December–January–February; DJF) is accurately simulated by both the control experiment (CNTL) and a subsequent NDSL experiment (NDSLQ); however, during austral winter, CNTL and NDSLQ exhibit differences, particularly over East Antarctica. Notably, NDSLQ captures the temperature effect more effectively than CNTL. Analysis of precipitation systems crossing the Korean Peninsula reveals that NDSLQ produces a much more realistic distribution of water vapor than that of CNTL, impacting not only the overall upward motion throughout the troposphere but also the position and intensity of surface precipitation. Overall, we recommend using a global spectral model with the NDSL advection scheme instead of the spectral method to improve the simulation of stable water isotopes over Antarctica and weather systems at mid-latitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical Cloud Classification With a Clustering Analysis Applied to CloudSat and CALIPSO Observations","authors":"Dea T. Octarina,&nbsp;Hirohiko Masunaga","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropical cloud fraction profiles from combined CALIPSO and CloudSat observations are classified based on a K-means cluster analysis. The Cloud Profiling Radar and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization carried by these satellites together retrieve detailed vertical structure of clouds, allowing for an objective decomposition of tropical clouds into distinct regimes. The identified cloud regimes are overall robust except that an increasing number of redundant high-cloud clusters are produced as the specified number of clusters is increased. This redundancy arises because geometrically thin clouds with slightly different altitudes can be mathematically distant from one another in the clustering procedure despite their morphological similarity, suggesting that an excessive number of clusters only generates unrealistic subclasses of high clouds. Objective evaluation metrics indicate that the most appropriate number of clusters is four, where the clusters may be labeled as sparse multilayer clouds, low cloud, high cloud, and deep convective regimes. A five-cluster classification is also deemed as reasonable, where a fifth regime of congestus clouds joins the other four regimes, practically equivalent to the four-cluster solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Decline in Terrestrial Water Storage Across Major Permafrost-Dominated Arctic River Basins During the Rapid Warming Period From 1981 to 2020","authors":"Qiwei Huang,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Ruixin Wang,&nbsp;Jingjie Yu,&nbsp;Natalia L. Frolova,&nbsp;Sergey P. Pozdniakov","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Terrestrial water storage (TWS) in northern high-latitude regions is strongly influenced by climate warming and the resulting permafrost thaw. However, it is not yet fully understood how different permafrost types constrain TWS changes during the rapid warming period. In this study, we focused on the six major Arctic river basins (Ob', Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie), which are characterized by widespread permafrost, and employed three TWS products derived from remote sensing observations, land surface models, and reanalysis data sets to quantify changes in TWS anomalies during the rapid warming period (1981–2020). Statistical analyses revealed differential TWS declines across all permafrost types, with the most significant decline observed in the discontinuous permafrost regions at −3.05 mm/year, compared to in the continuous permafrost regions (−0.78 mm/year) and in the sporadic permafrost regions (−2.45 mm/year). Correlation analyses further indicated a pronounced negative relationship between permafrost active layer thickness (ALT) and TWS, especially in discontinuous permafrost regions, where a 1-cm increase in ALT corresponded to a TWS decrease of up to 4.4-mm. These findings highlight the significant impact of permafrost thawing accelerated by climate warming on TWS changes in permafrost-dominated Arctic regions, with important implications for regional hydrology, carbon feedback, and ecosystem stability in the pan-Arctic. Our results underscore the necessity of incorporating permafrost-specific processes into hydrological models and climate assessments, thereby enhancing projections of water resource a4vailability and environmental changes in northern high-latitude regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Impacts of ENSO Evolution on the Interannual Variation of Precipitation Isotopes Over the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Jingya Cheng,&nbsp;Alexandre Cauquoin,&nbsp;Yan Yang,&nbsp;Atsushi Okazaki,&nbsp;Kei Yoshimura","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interannual variability in the stable oxygen isotopes in precipitation (δ¹⁸O_p) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been linked to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, yet the specific mechanisms driving this variability remain unclear. Here, we use an isotope-enabled climate model with water-tagging capability to show that the developing and decaying phases of ENSO are associated with distinct patterns of interannual δ¹⁸O_p variability in the northern and southern TP. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we conducted modeling experiments to investigate three potential processes through which ENSO may affect the interannual variation of δ¹⁸O_p in the TP, including (a) the initial vapor isotopic signal in the ocean sources, (b) the relative moisture contribution from different sources, and (c) atmospheric processes along the moisture transport path. We find that δ¹⁸O_p is dominantly influenced by upstream processes along the moisture transport, in response to ENSO-driven changes in atmospheric activities. Specifically, during the summer and fall of the developing El Niño (La Niña) phases, δ¹⁸O_p in the southern TP is affected by convective activities in the Indian Peninsula, Bay of Bengal, Indochina Peninsula, and South China Sea, leading to enrichment (depletion) in δ¹⁸O_p. In contrast, atmospheric activities over the Eurasian landmass and the local TP during the mature winter and the decaying spring phases of El Niño (La Niña) result in depletion (enrichment) of δ¹⁸O_p in the northern TP. Our study suggests the possibility of improving the reconstruction of past ENSO-related interannual variations at a seasonal scale by integrating isotopic proxies from TP.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WAIS Divide Ice Core δ15N(NO3−) Variability Over the Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle: Controlling Factors and Implications for Retrieving Surface Mass Balance Using Ice Core δ15N(NO3−) Records","authors":"Zhuang Jiang,&nbsp;Becky Alexander,&nbsp;Joseph R. McConnell,&nbsp;Andrew Schauer,&nbsp;Lei Geng","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ice core nitrate can serve as a valuable tracer for past atmospheric nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and oxidant concentrations. However, photolysis-driven postdepositional processing can alter ice core nitrate signals and complicate their interpretation. We present a new nitrogen isotope (<i>δ</i>¹⁵N) record of nitrate measured in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core covering the last glacial period and Holocene. The glacial <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻) is substantially higher than the Holocene <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻), with a glacial-interglacial difference of (26.6 ± 5.7) ‰. All samples exhibit a strong negative correlation between <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻) and the snow accumulation rate, suggesting that postdepositional processing is the primary driver of the <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻) variability. Photochemical model calculations indicate that changes in the degree of postdepositional processing can fully explain the observed glacial-interglacial <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻) difference, with 12.7% and 31.8% of nitrate mass loss during the Holocene and glacial climate, respectively. Comparison with the Greenland GISP2 <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻) record indicates that the glacial level of postdepositional modification was higher at WAIS Divide despite its snow accumulation rate was twice that at Summit, Greenland. This is due to the higher light-absorbing impurity contents in the GISP2 ice core that reduced postdepositional losses. We also assess the ability of using <i>δ</i>¹⁵N(NO₃⁻) for past surface mass balance (SMB) reconstruction at WAIS Divide. We find this proxy is reliable for regions/periods with snow accumulation rates lower than 150 kg m⁻² a⁻¹. While exceeding this threshold, the assumption of a constant <i>δ</i>¹⁵N of initially deposited nitrate is no longer valid, leading to significant bias in SMB reconstruction such as WAIS Divide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Seawater Biological Activity on Sea Spray Aerosols (SSA) Number Concentration and Cloud Properties in WRF-Chem—Case Studies on the Southern Ocean","authors":"C. Rose,&nbsp;S. Banson,&nbsp;C. Planche,&nbsp;A. Lupascu,&nbsp;R. Salignat,&nbsp;J. Delanoë,&nbsp;J. Uitz,&nbsp;F. Peyrin,&nbsp;F. Donnadieu,&nbsp;C. Law,&nbsp;K. Sellegri","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sea spray is a large source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) over remote oceans, still the dependence of its emission number flux on marine biology is not often represented in models and is subject to high uncertainty. We implemented a recently developed parameterization which relates the number flux of sea spray aerosols to nanophytoplankton cell abundances in the mesoscale model WRF-Chem and evaluated the impact on the prediction of sea spray aerosols (SSA) number concentrations and cloud properties over the Southern Ocean. Compared to SSA concentrations simulated using the whitecap function available in the model, the use of a function derived from recent observations in the Southern Ocean leads to a decrease in predicted SSA number concentrations (by ∼46%–47% over the domain); this further translates into a decrease in the cloud droplet number concentrations and a decrease (respectively an increase) of the liquid cloud water path (CWP) and rain water path (RWP). A strong increase in SSA number concentrations is predicted when the influence of marine biota is taken into account (by 172%–343%), with a concurrent clear increase of the number of cloud droplets and a subsequent increase (decrease) of the CWP (RWP). Detailed comparison of model outputs and measurements further demonstrates that accounting for the role of marine biological activity is essential to predict more realistic SSA number concentrations and spatio-temporal variability. Comparisons of modeled vertical profiles of CWP and RWP with remote sensing measurements are also ameliorated with the account of marine biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Observation of Quasi-Monochromatic Gravity Wave Packets Associated With the Polar Night Jet Using a Doppler-Rayleigh Lidar","authors":"Robin Wing,&nbsp;Irina Strelnikova,&nbsp;Andreas Dörnbrack,&nbsp;Michael Gerding,&nbsp;Eframir Franco-Diaz,&nbsp;Laura Holt,&nbsp;Mohamed Mossad,&nbsp;Gerd Baumgarten","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An advanced hodograph technique was applied to extract quasi-monochromatic, linear gravity wave (GW) packets from simultaneous wind and temperature measurements made using a ground-based Doppler-Rayleigh-Mie-Raman lidar located in Kühlungsborn (54°N, 12°E). During the night of 11–12 February 2022, the stratospheric polar vortex was slightly elongated toward Central Europe. The polar night jet's (PNJ) core was located nearly above the lidar. This unique meteorological situation allowed the measurement of horizontal wind and temperature in a stratospheric high-wind speed regime. GW propagation in the strong vertical gradient of the horizontal winds associated with the PNJ was observed. In addition, the subsequent reduction in the number of upward and downward propagating GWs in the strong winds of the PNJ was demonstrated. A pair of upward and downward propagating GWs at the top and bottom edge of the PNJ's core could be the result of shear excitation in the PNJ. A statistical analysis of intrinsic GW parameters is provided for all resolved linear GWs. Approximately 35% of the resolved GWs propagate downward, and there is stronger filtering of the downward waves compared to the upward waves in the PNJ core. ECMWF-IFS horizontal winds and temperatures had a lower variability than the lidar measurement and a poorer overall agreement above 50 km. Stratospheric temperatures in ECMWF show a cool bias of greater than 2 K.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Closed Bay-Breeze Circulation and Its Lifecycle From TRACER With a New Orienteering Tape Recorder Diagram","authors":"Min Deng,&nbsp;Michael P. Jensen,&nbsp;Scott E. Giangrande,&nbsp;Karen Johnson,&nbsp;Dié Wang,&nbsp;Yufei Chu,&nbsp;Tamanna Subba,&nbsp;Jean Carlos Peña,&nbsp;Paul Walter,&nbsp;James Flynn,&nbsp;Travis Griggs","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A closed bay-breeze circulation (BBC) followed by a gulf-breeze front (GBF) was observed on 10 September 2022 during the Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) TRACER campaign. Using high-resolution X-band Scanning Cloud Radar (XSACR) and a newly developed orienteering tape recorder diagram, the study analyzed radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity to identify anomalies and track the evolution of these circulations. The BBC, a mesoscale system approximately 30-km long, 30-km wide, and 2-km deep, formed from enhanced horizontal convective rolls along the Galveston Bay coast, progressing northwestward under a 6 m s⁻¹ onshore flow anomaly and reaching 1.5 km depth with return flow aloft. The inland penetration speed was 2 m s⁻¹, driven by an observed 6–9 K land-water temperature contrast. The GBF, coupled to the BBC, intensified with additional southerly flow, penetrating further inland after the BBC collapsed. Passing over the TRACER field site, both fronts significantly impacted boundary layer thermodynamics, dynamics, and aerosol concentration. The BBC event exhibited four lifecycle stages—formation, development, maturation, and dissipation—driven by solar heating, wind field rotation, and interactions with convective eddies and the GBF. This study provides insights into the inland evolution of coastal breeze circulations and their interactions with environmental processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}