Journal of Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"From Genes to Climate: A Perspective on the Importance of Leaf Shape.","authors":"Gabriella Jessica, Mary E Byrne","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf421","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing Plasma Membrane Protein Dynamics in Living Plant Cells with Single-Molecule Tracking.","authors":"Sven Zur Oven-Krockhaus, Leander Rohr, Luiselotte Rausch, Klaus Harter","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The behavior of proteins and other biomolecules in cellular environments is governed by complex molecular processes. Understanding their temporal dynamics and interactions with other biomolecules or cellular structures is essential for elucidating physiological functions. Single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy (sptPALM) has emerged as a powerful single-molecule technique for investigating these processes with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. In this Expert View, we introduce sptPALM with a special focus on its application in the plasma membrane of plant cells. Key aspects and advances of the technique, including instrumentation and data analysis, are discussed to equip researchers with the foundational knowledge required to establish and execute sptPALM experiments. Recent studies are highlighted to demonstrate the potential of sptPALM to advance our understanding of molecular dynamics in plant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Members of the lichen photobiont genus Trebouxia show species-specific photo-physiological and transcriptome-level responses to high light.","authors":"Rosa Celia Poquita-Du, Jürgen Otte, Nicolas Herrmann, Claudia Büchel, Imke Schmitt","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the common lichen photobiont Trebouxia occur in all terrestrial habitats, from the arctic to the tropics, however, the mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in Trebouxia are little understood. Currently, lineages belonging to this genus are grouped into clades A, C, I, S, D. Here we study six species, which belong to the S-Clade and A-Clade of Trebouxia, and were isolated from the lichen-forming fungi Umbilicaria pustulata and U. phaea. Three of the Trebouxia species have a climatic niche preference at low elevation (Mediterranean climate), two at high elevation (cold temperate climate), and one is found in both climate zones. These species have demonstrated extensive genomic divergence, particularly in genome regions associated with photosynthesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that they will exhibit differential performance under varying light conditions. We assessed physiological and transcriptomic responses to high light (HL) (control: 60 µmol photons/m2/s; HL:150 µmol photons/m2/s) using a controlled environmental chamber. We examined the cultures´ responses after 1 hour and 3 days (12 hours per day) of HL exposure. We measured photo-physiological parameters including maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration in combination with differential gene expression analysis via RNASeq. Average levels of Fv/Fm and NPQ showed significant reduction following HL exposure, however, this varied among species. Species from high elevation (i.e. Trebouxia S12 C0006 and A10 C0009) exhibited relatively high NPQ capacity throughout the experiment. There was no significant change in average chl a concentration. Further, only a few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found for specific species following exposure to 1 hour HL, including those associated with chloroplast thylakoid membrane, transposon TX1 and photorespiration. On the other hand, there are more DEGs found for all Trebouxia species exposed to prolonged HL, which involved genes associated to DNA biosynthetic process, cell cycle and cell wall organization. Photoprotection-associated genes related to NPQ, photosystem II repair, oxygen evolving assembly and biosynthesis of photoprotective pigments (carotenoid and chl) also showed differential expression due to prolonged HL. Overall, our findings show that in Trebouxia the capacity to withstand high light conditions is highly species-specific, and not driven by phylogenetic relatedness, or climatic niche preference. We do not observe parallel patterns in species preferring similar climatic niches, with the exception of species from high elevation (Trebouxia S12 C0006 and A10 C0009), which exhibit generally high NPQ capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated calibration of stomatal conductance models from thermal imagery by leveraging synthetic images generated from Helios 3D biophysical model simulations.","authors":"Ismael K Mayanja, Heesup Yun, Brian N Bailey","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stomatal conductance (gs) is indicative of plant carbon dioxide uptake via photosynthesis and water loss via transpiration, making it a crucial plant biophysical trait. Direct measurement of gs is labor-intensive and usually not scalable to large fields. Using manual measurements to estimate parameters of gs models is even more labor-intensive and prone to sampling errors. This study aimed to develop an automated pipeline for gs measurement and model calibration using thermal imagery data, which not only disentangles the impacts of genotype-specific stomatal traits and environmental conditions but also enables the prediction of gs in new environments. The methodology involved using simulated thermal imagery data generated from a 3D biophysical model to train a machine learning model that could be applied to real thermal images to predict stomatal model parameters and gs itself. The method was evaluated by comparing predictions against manual gs measurements, all of which were not part of the model training process, as the model was trained against only simulated images. When compared against manual gs measurements using a porometer, the prediction R2 was 0.7, which is likely comparable to the accuracy of the manual porometer-based gs measurements (relative to a leaf gas exchange system). The developed pipeline enables high-throughput gs model parameter calibration and gs estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Confluence of TOR signaling and Plant Growth Regulators in Development and Stress Responses.","authors":"Harshita B Saksena, Mukesh Kumar, Harsha Samtani, Aishwarye Sharma, Sanjay Singh Rawat, Prakhar Awasthi, Halidev Krishna Botta, Shital Sandhya, Anjali Pande, Sheeba Naaz, Sunita Kushwah, Brihaspati N Shukla, Ashverya Laxmi","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that serves as a crucial signaling hub, seamlessly integrating a wide range of internal and external signals to meticulously regulate cellular and organismal physiology. TOR is crucial in regulating the different phases of lifecycle in plants including embryogenesis, seed germination, meristem activation, root and leaf development, flowering and senescence. Beyond its central role in growth and development, emerging research has revealed its significant involvement in the response to environmental stresses. Even though plant growth regulators such as auxin, cytokinin (CK), brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and nitric oxide (NO) function as pivotal signaling molecules in modulating plant development and stress responses, how they coordinate with the energy status still remains obscure. Here we summarize the current findings on the dynamic interconnection between TOR and these discrete phytoregulators and their potential role in executing diverse biological processes in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and Functional Significance of ShPP2C1 in the Parasitic Life Strategy of Striga.","authors":"Sotaro Katagiri, Daisuke Fukuhara, Keisuke Fujiyama, Hijiri Fujioka, Yukihiro Sugimoto, Masanori Okamoto","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasitic plants have evolved specialized mechanisms to extract water and nutrients from their hosts, often causing severe agricultural losses. Striga hermonthica, a member of the Orobanchaceae family, exhibits a unique adaptation in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, which enhances its growth efficiency during parasitism. Striga hermonthica protein phosphatase 2C (ShPP2C1) is a negative regulator of ABA signaling but, unlike typical PP2Cs, is not inhibited by ABA receptors (PYLs). Because of ShPP2C1, Striga hermonthica shows low ABA sensitivity and high transpiration, facilitating resource uptake from the host. To determine whether similar PP2Cs are conserved in other parasitic Orobanchaceae, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using public sequence data, revealing that ShPP2C1 is unique to the genus Striga genus. Furthermore, in vitro phosphatase assay revealed specific amino acid residues responsible for disrupting the inhibition by PYLs. Structural comparisons between ShPP2C1 and Arabidopsis thaliana ABI1 showed that the lack of interaction to PYLs is due to steric hindrance from a combination of amino acid substitutions. These findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of Striga's parasitic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to spare: inefficiencies in wheat hybrid seed production are not due to stigma longevity.","authors":"Daniel Koenig","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf355","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/eraf355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"76 14","pages":"3893-3895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Brassica napus L. under low nitrogen by overexpression of G-proteins from Arabidopsis.","authors":"Yuyu Xie, Yunyou Nan, Ayub Atif, Derong Shi, Hui Tian, Jing Hui, Yanfeng Zhang, Alan M Jones, Yajun Gao","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/eraf130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterotrimeric G-proteins, composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, are involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways in plants. OsDEP1 (a Gγ subunit) of rice and TaNBP1 (a Gβ subunit) of wheat are homologs of Arabidopsis AGG3 and AGB1, respectively, which are regulators of grain size and also involved in nitrogen responses. However, the function of Arabidopsis G-proteins in nitrogen utilization under different nitrogen conditions has not been fully investigated. In this study, to evaluate the role of Arabidopsis G-proteins in yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), overexpression transgenic lines AtGPA1, AtAGB1 together with AtAGG1 (AGB1-AGG1), AtAGB1 together with AtAGG2 (AGB1-AGG2), and AtAGB1 together with AtAGG3 (AGB1-AGG3) were created in Brassica napus 'K407'. Analysis of multiple transgenic B. napus lines showed that overexpression of GPA1, AGB1-AGG1, AGB1-AGG2, or AGB1-AGG3 led to increased biomass of seedling plants, including a well-developed root system, and increased nitrogen uptake under low and high nitrogen conditions. The activity of glutamine synthetase, a key nitrogen assimilating enzyme, and the expression levels of genes that are involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation were significantly increased in overexpression plants under the low nitrogen condition. These properties enabled overexpression plants to increase the number of seeds per silique by 12-27% only under the low nitrogen condition, effectively improving yield per plant by 9-69% and NUE by 7-49%. These results reveal roles of G-proteins in regulating seed traits and NUE, and provide a strategy that can substantially improve crop yield and NUE.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"3954-3971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does leaf lifespan affect the regulation of photosynthetic function during natural senescence of leaves in various sorghum cultivars?","authors":"Han-Yu Wu, Zhi-Quan Liu, Wang-Feng Zhang, Qing-Min Pan, Chuang-Dao Jiang","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf195","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/eraf195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regulation of photosynthetic functions during leaf senescence may be associated with leaf lifespan, but how to accurately reveal photosynthetic regulation during senescence based on significant differences in the leaf lifespan remains unresolved. Accordingly, this study evaluated sorghum cultivars with markedly disparate leaf lifespans. WSC62 was characterized by an extended leaf lifespan and earlier initiation of senescence, which resulted in a slower rate of leaf senescence than WSC34. In leaves, having different senescence onset times influenced the comparison of photosynthesis during leaf senescence between the two cultivars. The two cultivars showed significant differences in photosynthetic rate and PSII activity based on their senescence initiation timing throughout the leaf lifespan. The senescence rate of WSC62 was slower than that of WSC34. However, differences in the photosynthetic function at corresponding senescence stages were significantly reduced in both cultivars after normalization by the leaf senescence duration. Notably, WSC62 exhibited a lower photosynthetic rate and a higher senescence rate than WSC34. This was further validated by data from four additional sorghum cultivars. Consequently, selecting the onset of senescence based on the leaf lifespan was conducive to revealing variations in photosynthetic function during leaf senescence among sorghum cultivars. Furthermore, normalization by the leaf senescence duration demonstrated that there were patterns related and unrelated to the synergistic interaction between lifespan and senescence in the photosynthetic regulation of senescing leaves. The relationship between the patterns of photosynthetic regulation during leaf senescence and cultivar improvement are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"4071-4084"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma longevity is not a major limiting factor in hybrid wheat seed production.","authors":"Marina Millan-Blanquez, James Simmonds, Nicholas Bird, Yann Manes, Cristobal Uauy, Scott A Boden","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/eraf154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybrids offer a promising approach to improve crop performance because the progeny are often superior to their parent lines and they outyield inbred varieties. A major challenge in producing hybrid progeny in wheat, however, lies in the inefficient fertilization of maternal parent ovaries by airborne pollen from male donor lines. This is often attributed to suboptimal synchronization of male and female flowering, as delayed pollination can result in reproductive failure due to female stigma deterioration. To test this accepted dogma, we examined the seed set capacity of six male-sterile (MS) cultivars, each varying in the onset of stigma deterioration. To mimic a hybrid seed production scenario, MS cultivars were grown during two consecutive field seasons, and open pollination was allowed up to 15 d after flowering of the female parent using a blend of seven male fertile cultivars with varying flowering times. Detailed analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of hybrid seed set along the spike across the six MS cultivars showed that seed production remained remarkably stable during the pollination window tested. These findings suggest sustained receptivity of stigma to pollen across all tested MS cultivars throughout the entire time course. We therefore conclude that stigma longevity does not represent a limiting factor in hybrid wheat seed production, and that breeding efforts should prioritize the study of other female traits, such as enhanced access to airborne pollen.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"4003-4013"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}