Journal of Experimental Botany最新文献

Recent advances in paclitaxel biosynthesis and regulation. 紫杉醇生物合成与调控的最新进展。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae240

Toby Coombe-Tennant, Xiaoping Zhu, Shihua Wu, Gary J Loake

{"title":"Recent advances in paclitaxel biosynthesis and regulation.","authors":"Toby Coombe-Tennant, Xiaoping Zhu, Shihua Wu, Gary J Loake","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae240","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae240","url":null,"abstract":"Paclitaxel (PTX) is a high value plant natural product derived from Taxus (yew) species. This plant specialized metabolite (PSM) and its derivatives constitute a cornerstone for the treatment of an increasing variety of cancers. New applications for PTX also continue to emerge, further promoting demand for this WHO-designated essential medicine. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of PTX biosynthesis and its cognate regulation, which have been enabled by the development of transcriptomic approaches and the recent sequencing and annotation of three Taxus genomes. Collectively, this has resulted in the elucidation of two functional gene sets for PTX biosynthesis, unlocking new potential for the use of heterologous hosts to produce PTX. Knowledge of the PTX pathway also provides a valuable resource for understanding the regulation of this key PSM. Epigenetic regulation of PSM in plant cell culture is a major concern for PTX production, given the loss of PSM production in long-term cell cultures. Recent developments aim to design tools for manipulating epigenetic regulation, potentially providing a means to reverse the silencing of PSM caused by DNA methylation. Exciting times clearly lie ahead for our understanding of this key PSM and improving its production potential.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing controlled-environment systems for enhanced production of medicinal plants. 利用受控环境系统提高药用植物的产量。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae248

Ajwal Dsouza, Mike Dixon, Mukund Shukla, Thomas Graham

{"title":"Harnessing controlled-environment systems for enhanced production of medicinal plants.","authors":"Ajwal Dsouza, Mike Dixon, Mukund Shukla, Thomas Graham","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae248","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae248","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are valued for their contributions to human health. However, the growing demand for medicinal plants and the concerns regarding their quality and sustainability have prompted the reassessment of conventional production practices. Controlled-environment cropping systems, such as vertical farms, offer a transformative approach to production of medicinal plants. By enabling precise control over environmental factors, such as light, carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity, nutrients, and airflow, controlled environments can improve the consistency, concentration, and yield of bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants. This review explores the potential of controlled-environment systems for enhancing production of medicinal plants. First, we describe how controlled environments can overcome the limitations of conventional production in improving the quality of medicinal plants. Next, we propose strategies based on plant physiology to manipulate environmental conditions for enhancing the levels of bioactive compounds in plants. These strategies include improving photosynthetic carbon assimilation, light spectrum signalling, purposeful stress elicitation, and chronoculture. We describe the underlying mechanisms and practical applications of these strategies. Finally, we highlight the major knowledge gaps and challenges that limit the application of controlled environments, and discuss future research directions.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"76-93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sink strength, nutrient allocation, cannabinoid yield, and associated transcript profiles vary in two drug-type Cannabis chemovars. 两种药物型大麻化学变种的沉降强度、养分分配、大麻素产量和相关转录本特征各不相同。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae367

Ricarda Jost, Oliver Berkowitz, Amelia Pegg, Bhavna Hurgobin, Muluneh Tamiru-Oli, Matthew T Welling, Myrna A Deseo, Hannah Noorda, Filippa Brugliera, Mathew G Lewsey, Monika S Doblin, Antony Bacic, James Whelan

{"title":"Sink strength, nutrient allocation, cannabinoid yield, and associated transcript profiles vary in two drug-type Cannabis chemovars.","authors":"Ricarda Jost, Oliver Berkowitz, Amelia Pegg, Bhavna Hurgobin, Muluneh Tamiru-Oli, Matthew T Welling, Myrna A Deseo, Hannah Noorda, Filippa Brugliera, Mathew G Lewsey, Monika S Doblin, Antony Bacic, James Whelan","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae367","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae367","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa L. is one of the oldest domesticated crops. Hemp-type cultivars, which predominantly produce non-intoxicating cannabidiol (CBD), have been selected for their fast growth, seed, and fibre production, while drug-type chemovars were bred for high accumulation of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We investigated how the generation of CBD-dominant chemovars by introgression of hemp- into drug-type Cannabis impacted plant performance. The THC-dominant chemovar showed superior sink strength, higher flower biomass, and demand-driven control of nutrient uptake. By contrast, the CBD-dominant chemovar hyperaccumulated phosphate in sink organs leading to reduced carbon and nitrogen assimilation in leaves, which limited flower biomass and cannabinoid yield. RNA-seq analyses determined organ- and chemovar-specific differences in expression of genes associated with nitrate and phosphate homeostasis as well as growth-regulating transcription factors that were correlated with measured traits. Among these were genes positively selected for during Cannabis domestication encoding an inhibitor of the phosphate starvation response, SPX DOMAIN GENE3, nitrate reductase, and two nitrate transporters. Altered nutrient sensing, acquisition, or distribution are likely a consequence of adaption to growth on marginal, low-nutrient-input lands in hemp. Our data provide evidence that such ancestral traits may become detrimental for female flower development and consequently overall CBD yield in protected cropping environments.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"152-174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Same, yet different: towards understanding nutrient use in hemp- and drug-type Cannabis. 相同却又不同：了解大麻和毒品大麻的营养成分使用情况。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae362

Benjamin Wee Y, Oliver Berkowitz, James Whelan, Ricarda Jost

引用次数: 0

From fibers to flowering to metabolites: unlocking hemp (Cannabis sativa) potential with the guidance of novel discoveries and tools. 从纤维到开花，再到代谢物：在新发现和新工具的指导下释放大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）的潜力。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae405

Francesco Pancaldi, Elma M J Salentijn, Luisa M Trindade

{"title":"From fibers to flowering to metabolites: unlocking hemp (Cannabis sativa) potential with the guidance of novel discoveries and tools.","authors":"Francesco Pancaldi, Elma M J Salentijn, Luisa M Trindade","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae405","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae405","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa L. is an ancient crop, but its agricultural adoption has been interrupted to prevent the use of marijuana as a psychoactive drug. Nevertheless, hemp-the C. sativa type with low concentrations of intoxicating Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinoid-is experiencing a resurgence in interest due to loosened cultivation restrictions and its potential as a multipurpose bio-based crop. Hemp has valuable applications, including production of medicines from its non-intoxicating cannabinoids, food, medical, and industrial uses of its seed oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and production of fibers for textiles and industry from its stems. Recently, several hemp genomic and genetic resources have been developed, allowing significant expansion of our knowledge of major hemp traits, such as synthesis of cannabinoids, oil, and fibers, and regulation of flowering and sex determination. Still, hemp is an underimproved crop, and its development will depend on the ability to expand and collectively use the novel resources arising from fast advancements in bioinformatics and plant phenotyping. This review discusses current genetic and genomic knowledge of the most important hemp traits, and provides a perspective on how to further expand such knowledge and tackle hemp improvement with the most up-to-date tools for plant and hemp research.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic and cell-specific regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy. 罂粟中苄基异喹啉类生物碱合成的基因组和细胞特异性调控

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae317

Uyen Vu Thuy Hong, Muluneh Tamiru-Oli, Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G Lewsey

{"title":"Genomic and cell-specific regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.","authors":"Uyen Vu Thuy Hong, Muluneh Tamiru-Oli, Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G Lewsey","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae317","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae317","url":null,"abstract":"Opium poppy is a crop of great commercial value as a source of several opium alkaloids for the pharmaceutical industries including morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine. Most enzymes involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis in opium poppy have been functionally characterized, and opium poppy currently serves as a model system to study BIA metabolism in plants. BIA biosynthesis in opium poppy involves two biosynthetic gene clusters associated respectively with the morphine and noscapine branches. Recent reports have shown that genes in the same cluster are co-expressed, suggesting they might also be co-regulated. However, the transcriptional regulation of opium poppy BIA biosynthesis is not well studied. Opium poppy BIA biosynthesis involves three cell types associated with the phloem system: companion cells, sieve elements, and laticifers. The transcripts and enzymes associated with BIA biosynthesis are distributed across cell types, requiring the translocation of key enzymes and pathway intermediates between cell types. Together, these suggest that the regulation of BIA biosynthesis in opium poppy is multilayered and complex, involving biochemical, genomic, and physiological mechanisms. In this review, we highlight recent advances in genome sequencing and single cell and spatial transcriptomics with a focus on how these efforts can improve our understanding of the genomic and cell-specific regulation of BIA biosynthesis. Such knowledge is vital for opium poppy genetic improvement and metabolic engineering efforts targeting the modulation of alkaloid yield and composition.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"35-51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of genes associated with sex expression and sex determination in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). 鉴定大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）中与性别表达和性别决定相关的基因。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae429

Jiaqi Shi, Matteo Toscani, Caroline A Dowling, Susanne Schilling, Rainer Melzer

{"title":"Identification of genes associated with sex expression and sex determination in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).","authors":"Jiaqi Shi, Matteo Toscani, Caroline A Dowling, Susanne Schilling, Rainer Melzer","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae429","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae429","url":null,"abstract":"Dioecy in flowering plants has evolved independently many times, and thus the genetic mechanisms underlying sex determination are diverse. In hemp (Cannabis sativa), sex is controlled by a pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males). In an attempt to understand the molecular mechanism responsible for sex expression in hemp plants, we carried out RNA sequencing of male and female plants at different developmental stages. Using a pipeline involving differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified genes important for male and female flower development. We also demonstrate that sex-biased expression is already established at very early vegetative stages, before the onset of reproductive development, and identify several genes encoding transcription factors of the REM, bZIP, and MADS families as candidate sex-determination genes in hemp. Our findings demonstrate that the gene regulatory networks governing male and female development in hemp diverge at a very early stage, leading to profound morphological differences between male and female hemp plants.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"175-190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving medicinal plant cultivation through in-depth understanding of environmental, physiological, metabolic, and genetic constraints.

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae463

Ricarda Jost, Susanne Schilling, Rainer Melzer

引用次数: 0

Correction to: SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 13 (SPL13) together with SPL9 redundantly regulates wax biosynthesis under drought stress.

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae505

引用次数: 0

Cytidine analogs in plant epigenetic research and beyond.

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae522

Eva Dvořák Tomaštíková, Ales Pecinka

{"title":"Cytidine analogs in plant epigenetic research and beyond.","authors":"Eva Dvořák Tomaštíková, Ales Pecinka","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae522","url":null,"abstract":"Cytosine (DNA) methylation plays important roles in silencing transposable elements, plant development, genomic imprinting, stress responses, and maintenance of genome stability. To better understand the functions of this epigenetic modification, several tools have been developed to manipulate DNA methylation levels. These include mutants of DNA methylation writers and readers, targeted manipulation of locus-specific methylation, and the use of chemical inhibitors. Here, we summarize the effects of commonly used cytidine analog chemical inhibitors represented by zebularine, 5-azacytidine, and their related compounds on plants. These analogs are incorporated into the chromosomal DNA, where they block the activity of the replicative CG DNA methyltransferase 1 (MET1). This leads to manifold alterations in plant epigenome, modified developmental programs, or suppression of hybridization barriers. We also highlight the DNA-damaging effects of cytidine analogs, particularly the formation of stable DNA-protein crosslinks between DNA and MET1. This sheds new light on specific phenotypes observed upon cytidine analog treatments. In conclusion, cytidine analogs remain a vital tool for plant genome research and have the potential to open new promising avenues for applications in plant biotechnology and breeding.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0