Journal of Experimental Botany最新文献

Newly unveiled meiosis elucidates the unreduced gamete frequency and its impact on the evolution of the Lemna minor complex. 新发现的减数分裂阐明了未减少的配子频率及其对Lemna minor复合体进化的影响。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag215

Yuri Lee, Veit Schubert, Anton Stepanenko, Gihwan Kim, Luca Braglia, Ingo Schubert, Laura Morello

{"title":"Newly unveiled meiosis elucidates the unreduced gamete frequency and its impact on the evolution of the Lemna minor complex.","authors":"Yuri Lee, Veit Schubert, Anton Stepanenko, Gihwan Kim, Luca Braglia, Ingo Schubert, Laura Morello","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erag215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag215","url":null,"abstract":"Fusion of gametes possessing meiotically reduced (haploid) chromosome complements is the main pathway of propagation among eukaryotes. However, duckweeds, the smallest angiosperms, propagate mainly vegetatively, and meiosis has not yet been documented in detail for this plant family. The more surprising was the recent evidence of rather frequent interspecific hybrids and triploid clonal accessions, which became obvious by genome size measurements, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and combined plastid and nuclear DNA markers. These observations indicated sexual propagation involving reduced as well as unreduced male and female gametes in Lemna minor and L. turionifera, leading to allodiploid and allotriploid hybrids (MT, MMT, MTT) and autotriploid L. minor (MMM) accessions. Here, we i) documented the meiotic stages of Lemna species for the first time photographically; ii) provided evidence of unreduced male gametes through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with single locus probes; iii) determined their abundance in different individuals and iv) discussed possible reasons for unreduced male gamete formation. These findings open new insights into the modes of sexual reproduction and evolution of duckweeds, which may be useful for future breeding efforts in this emerging crop.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-Species Plant Single-Cell Analysis: Community Challenges and Shared Solutions. 跨物种植物单细胞分析：群落挑战和共享解决方案。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag218

Maryam Haghan, Tran N Chau, Razan Alajoleen, Chia-Yu Chen, Sajib Acharjee Dip, Vandana Gurung, Che-Wei Hsu, Chadinthon Kittivorawong, Sanchari Kundu, Xiaohui Li, Juncheng Luo, Mohammad Salehin, Mathew Simenc, Jie Yun, Bastiaan Bargmann, Song Li

{"title":"Cross-Species Plant Single-Cell Analysis: Community Challenges and Shared Solutions.","authors":"Maryam Haghan, Tran N Chau, Razan Alajoleen, Chia-Yu Chen, Sajib Acharjee Dip, Vandana Gurung, Che-Wei Hsu, Chadinthon Kittivorawong, Sanchari Kundu, Xiaohui Li, Juncheng Luo, Mohammad Salehin, Mathew Simenc, Jie Yun, Bastiaan Bargmann, Song Li","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erag218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag218","url":null,"abstract":"Single-cell genomics is rapidly reshaping plant biology, yet broader adoption is limited by plant-specific technical constraints, fragmented tools, and inconsistent analytical practices. Here we report outcomes from the 2025 Summer Workshop for Plant Single-Cell Analysis, which convened researchers to define community needs and design shared solutions. Participants identified five priority challenge areas: (1) improving data quality through imputation, simulation, and deep generative modeling; (2) developing automated, phylogenetically aware cell-type annotation frameworks; (3) reconstructing developmental trajectories and gene regulatory networks from single-cell and single-nucleus profiles; (4) creating visualization approaches that embed transcriptional states into anatomically grounded plant organ contexts; and (5) using Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents and foundation models to orchestrate end-to-end single-cell workflows. In response, we established PlantSCHub, a community-curated web portal that aggregates protocols, datasets, and tutorials to support reproducible plant single-cell analysis. We outline conceptual roadmaps for cross-species integration, multimodal trajectory and Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) inference, spatially anchored visualization, and AI scientist agents that dynamically coordinate analytical tools and literature. We discuss both scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq that are important for regulatory inference and cross-species analysis. Together, these efforts aim to transform isolated plant single-cell studies into an interoperable, evolving ecosystem that accelerates discovery and crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WRKY30 negatively regulates lateral root development downstream of the RGF1-RGI1 peptide-receptor module in Arabidopsis. WRKY30负调控拟南芥RGF1-RGI1肽受体模块下游的侧根发育。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag217

Quy Thi Cam Nguyen, Byeong Wook Jeon, Jeong Il Kim, Jungmook Kim

{"title":"WRKY30 negatively regulates lateral root development downstream of the RGF1-RGI1 peptide-receptor module in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Quy Thi Cam Nguyen, Byeong Wook Jeon, Jeong Il Kim, Jungmook Kim","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erag217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag217","url":null,"abstract":"Small signaling peptides play pivotal roles in coordinating plant growth, development, and immunity. In Arabidopsis, ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 (RGF1) and its cognate receptor RGF1 INSENSITIVE 1 (RGI1) suppress lateral root (LR) development by activating the transcription factor PUCHI via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. WRKY30 has previously been identified as an early gene strongly induced by RGF1; however, its role in LR regulation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that WRKY30 functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI1 module to inhibit LR development. In ProWRKY30:GUS and ProWRKY30:SVnlsTomato lines, RGF1 treatment strongly induced reporter expression in the distal region of primary roots, while this response was markedly reduced in the rgi1 mutant. Furthermore, RGF1 enhanced WRKY30 promoter-fused GUS activity during LR development. Overexpression of WRKY30 under the UBIQUITIN10 or RGI1 promoters suppressed LR initiation in wild-type and rgi1 plants without affecting RGF1-promoted root meristem activity. Conversely, CRISPR-Cas9-generated wrky30 mutants exhibited reduced sensitivity to RGF1-mediated suppression of LR formation. Collectively, these findings indicate WRKY30 as a key downstream component of RGF1-RGI signaling that specifically restricts LR development.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ZF-HD1/9 targets CdSQS to promote squalene biosynthesis in Camellia drupifera. ZF-HD1/9靶向CdSQS促进油茶角鲨烯的生物合成。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag193

Jing Yu, Mingzhu Mo, Eyue Yang, Yang Li, Wei Zheng, Yougen Wu, Yong Wang, Pengguo Xia

{"title":"The ZF-HD1/9 targets CdSQS to promote squalene biosynthesis in Camellia drupifera.","authors":"Jing Yu, Mingzhu Mo, Eyue Yang, Yang Li, Wei Zheng, Yougen Wu, Yong Wang, Pengguo Xia","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erag193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag193","url":null,"abstract":"As an important economic oil crop, the quality of Camellia drupifera (C. drupifera) is closely linked to its triterpenoid content, notably squalene, which exhibits significant potential in pharmaceutical applications. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of squalene biosynthesis in C. drupifera and to support its quality improvement and efficient production, this study constructed a MeJA-induced cDNA yeast library of C. drupifera. Using the promoter of squalene synthase (CdSQS) as bait, two zinc finger-homeodomain transcription factors, ZF-HD1 and ZF-HD9, were identified. Under MeJA treatment, the expression of ZF-HD1/9, MYC2, and SQS was upregulated, promoting squalene synthesis. Dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirmed that ZF-HD1/9 directly bind to and activate the CdSQS promoter. Using nanoparticle-mediated dsRNAi transient silencing, we demonstrated that knockdown of ZF-HD1/9 downregulates key structural genes(SQS, SQE, bAS, CYP716A17, and UGT73B2) and significantly reduces the levels of squalene, 2,3-oxidosqualene, and teasaponins. Furthermore, by establishing an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation system in C. drupifera, we conducted functional analyses of ZF-HD1/9, confirming their role as positive regulators of squalene synthesis. This study is the first to identify ZF-HD1/9 as novel transcription factors involved in the complex regulatory network of squalene biosynthesis in C. drupifera, expanding the functional scope of this transcription factor family in plants. The hairy root induction system developed herein also provides a foundational platform for gene functional studies and high-quality germplasm development in C. drupifera.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond a Plant Hormone: Ethylene Receptors and Signaling in Microbes. 植物激素之外：微生物中的乙烯受体和信号传导。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag214

Mahbuba Ferdous, Eric Brenya, Brad M Binder

引用次数: 0

Identification of a novel Fusarium head blight resistance locus Fhb.Er-1StL from Elymus repens introgressed into wheat. 一株新型赤霉病抗性位点Fhb的鉴定。来自羊草的Er-1StL重新渗入小麦。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag212

Fei Wang, Hanyu Wei, Qiong Wang, Yulu Yang, Wei Zhu, Lili Xu, Dandan Wu, Yiran Cheng, Yazhou Zhang, Yi Wang, Jian Zeng, Xing Fan, Tzion Fahima, Yonghong Zhou, Houyang Kang, Yinghui Li

{"title":"Identification of a novel Fusarium head blight resistance locus Fhb.Er-1StL from Elymus repens introgressed into wheat.","authors":"Fei Wang, Hanyu Wei, Qiong Wang, Yulu Yang, Wei Zhu, Lili Xu, Dandan Wu, Yiran Cheng, Yazhou Zhang, Yi Wang, Jian Zeng, Xing Fan, Tzion Fahima, Yonghong Zhou, Houyang Kang, Yinghui Li","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erag212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag212","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) threatens wheat production worldwide, and major-effect resistance sources remain limited. Elymus repens (2n = 6x = 42, StStStStHH) is a perennial Triticeae species with potential for wheat improvement. Here, we characterized the genomic constitution of the wheat-E. repens partial amphidiploid P1142-1-2, which shows strong FHB resistance. P1142-1-2 carries the complete wheat genome plus seven pairs of E. repens-derived chromosomes or chromosome fragments containing St chromatin from 1St-7St. From crosses between P1142-1-2 and common wheat cv. Chuannong16, we identified two resistant derivative lines carrying either a 1StL isochromosome or a 1StL telosome. Genomic sequencing enabled the development of 17 1StL-specific PCR markers for precise detection of alien chromatin. Genetic analysis demonstrated that 1StL confers strong resistance to FHB in wheat. Diagnostic assays did not detect previously reported alien FHB resistance genes, indicating that 1StL carries a novel resistance locus, designated Fhb.Er-1StL. These materials and markers broaden the genetic basis of FHB resistance in wheat and provide useful resources for wheat improvement.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modern elite winter wheat cultivars use two physiological pathways to achieve yield stability. 现代优质冬小麦品种通过两种生理途径实现产量稳定。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf191

Tien-Cheng Wang, Li-Yu Liu, Kirsten Weiß, Tsu-Wei Chen

{"title":"Modern elite winter wheat cultivars use two physiological pathways to achieve yield stability.","authors":"Tien-Cheng Wang, Li-Yu Liu, Kirsten Weiß, Tsu-Wei Chen","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf191","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/eraf191","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying target traits for breeding stable, high-yielding winter wheat cultivars is made challenging by the intricate interplay of genotype, environment, and management practices. We hypothesized that yield stability could be achieved through multiple genotypic strategies and that agronomic management stimulating these strategies would enhance stability. To test this, three years of field experiments were conducted using eight high-yielding elite cultivars and three agronomic practices: (i) nitrogen levels (220 or 176 kg N ha-1), (ii) fertilizer application timing, and (iii) two sowing dates. Detailed field phenotyping of 130 agronomic, phenological, chemical, and physiological traits resulted in 40 557 measured or derived trait values. Correlation and multivariate analyses suggested that management practices promoting grain number increased yield stability, while nitrogen level influenced the importance of application time and sowing date. Interestingly, modern elite cultivars exhibit two distinct physiological strategies coupling different source capacity and sink demand strategies to achieve genotypic yield stability: (i) coupling high tiller and grain numbers with longer canopy stay-green and higher carbon reserves, and (ii) coupling high grain length with low tiller number and greater remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves. The integration of multiple physiological pathways could therefore facilitate the identification of trait combinations for yield stability breeding.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"2727-2742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cascading functional water balance traits enhance wheat grain yield under terminal drought. 级联功能水分平衡性状提高干旱末期小麦产量

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf480

Roy Sadeh, Victor Alchanatis, Yotam Zait, Roi Ben David, Ruth Ariel, Aviv Nachman, Ittai Herrmann, Zvi Peleg

{"title":"Cascading functional water balance traits enhance wheat grain yield under terminal drought.","authors":"Roy Sadeh, Victor Alchanatis, Yotam Zait, Roi Ben David, Ruth Ariel, Aviv Nachman, Ittai Herrmann, Zvi Peleg","doi":"10.1093/jxb/eraf480","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/eraf480","url":null,"abstract":"Water deficit and high temperatures (i.e. terminal drought) pose a persistent threat to wheat production and sustainability under Mediterranean agroecosystems. We combined open-field, high-throughput gravimetric lysimeters with a field experiment in a rain-out shelter to characterize the physiological response to terminal drought. Two bread wheat genotypes, WM090 (tolerant) and WM036 (susceptible), were selected from a wide diversity panel that was screened over two growing seasons, based on their contrasting yield responses to terminal drought. The superior performance of WM090 was linked to a cascade of water balance-related functional traits. Osmotic adjustment supported greater canopy conductance and sustained transpiration throughout the reproductive phase. The consistent response of canopy temperature and conductance to terminal drought, together with similar yield responses across field and lysimeter platforms, suggests that physiological insights from large-volume lysimeters are transferable to field-grown plants. WM090 also demonstrated higher water use efficiency under terminal drought, throughout multiple years/environments. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 344 differentially expressed genes under terminal drought, among them genes related to osmotic regulation, ion transport, cell wall modification, and light perception. Our findings highlight the potential of integrating spatio-temporal high-throughput phenotyping with molecular tools to promote breeding efforts of wheat adaptability to climate change.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"2757-2772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145377504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wheat in 2025: challenges for sustainable production and consumption. 2025年的小麦：可持续生产和消费的挑战。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraf514

Peter R Shewry

引用次数: 0

Optimizing wheat development to a range of winter climates. 优化小麦生长以适应一系列冬季气候。

IF 5.7 2区生物学

Journal of Experimental Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag129

Dominique Hirsz, Laura E Dixon

{"title":"Optimizing wheat development to a range of winter climates.","authors":"Dominique Hirsz, Laura E Dixon","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erag129","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erag129","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of climate change are highly disruptive for reliable and sustainable crop production as crops have been regionally adapted to respond favourably to a set of regular, combined environmental cues. Notably in wheat, the most widely cultivated crop, the timing of floral meristem transitions and flowering is largely regulated by the combination of photoperiod and temperature cues. Identifying and understanding the key genes that regulate the physiological responses to these combined environmental cues has been important for enabling the optimal development of cultivars. Winter-grown crops are important as they provide ground cover, high biomass, and high yield potential. However, they are critically sensitive to the duration and level of cold season temperatures and the onset of the lengthening spring photoperiod. Therefore, to enable climate-robust cultivars, we need to understand and tailor the crop response to the winter environment; the crop must be resilient enough to survive but flexible enough not to require a standard winter each year. Here we detail the challenges and opportunities that are presented by the changing environmental conditions for the adaptation of winter wheat.","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"2714-2726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0