Journal of Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Exploring natural genetic diversity in a bread wheat multi-founder population: dual imaging of photosynthesis and stomatal kinetics.","authors":"Michele Faralli, Greg Mellers, Shellie Wall, Silvere Vialet-Chabrand, Guillaume Forget, Alexander Galle, Jeron Van Rie, Keith A Gardner, Eric S Ober, James Cockram, Tracy Lawson","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae233","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research has shown that optimizing photosynthetic and stomatal traits holds promise for improved crop performance. However, standard phenotyping tools such as gas exchange systems have limited throughput. In this work, a novel approach based on a bespoke gas exchange chamber allowing combined measurement of the quantum yield of PSII (Fq'/Fm'), with an estimation of stomatal conductance via thermal imaging was used to phenotype a range of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Using the dual-imaging methods and traditional approaches, we found broad and significant variation in key traits, including photosynthetic CO2 uptake at saturating light and ambient CO2 concentration (Asat), photosynthetic CO2 uptake at saturating light and elevated CO2 concentration (Amax), the maximum velocity of Rubisco for carboxylation (Vcmax), time for stomatal opening (Ki), and leaf evaporative cooling. Anatomical analysis revealed significant variation in flag leaf adaxial stomatal density. Associations between traits highlighted significant relationships between leaf evaporative cooling, leaf stomatal conductance, and Fq'/Fm', highlighting the importance of stomatal conductance and stomatal rapidity in maintaining optimal leaf temperature for photosynthesis in wheat. Additionally, gsmin and gsmax were positively associated, indicating that potential combinations of preferable traits (i.e. inherently high gsmax, low Ki, and maintained leaf evaporative cooling) are present in wheat. This work highlights the effectiveness of thermal imaging in screening dynamic gs in a panel of wheat genotypes. The wide phenotypic variation observed suggested the presence of exploitable genetic variability in bread wheat for dynamic stomatal conductance traits and photosynthetic capacity for targeted optimization within future breeding programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"6733-6747"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomata: gatekeepers of uptake and defense signaling by green leaf volatiles in maize.","authors":"Feizollah A Maleki, Irmgard Seidl-Adams, Gary W Felton, Mônica F Kersch-Becker, James H Tumlinson","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae401","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants adapt to balance growth-defense tradeoffs in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released after biotic and abiotic stresses and function as damage-associated signals in plants. Although, GLVs enter plants primarily through stomata, the role of stomatal regulation on the kinetics of GLV uptake remains largely unknown. Here, we illustrate the effect of stomatal closure on the timing and magnitude of GLV uptake. We closed stomata by either exposing maize (Zea mays) plants to darkness or applying abscisic acid, a phytohormone that closes the stomata in light. Then, we exposed maize seedlings to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and compared its dynamic uptake under different stomatal conditions. Additionally, we used (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, an isomer of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol not made by maize, to exclude the role of internal GLVs in our assays. We demonstrate that closed stomata effectively prevent GLV entry into exposed plants, even at high concentrations. Furthermore, our findings indicate that reduced GLV uptake impairs GLV-driven induction of biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes, a group of GLV-inducible secondary metabolites, with or without herbivory. These results elucidate how stomata regulate the perception of GLV signals, thereby dramatically changing the plant responses to herbivory, particularly under water stress or dark conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"6872-6887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater aperture counteracts effects of reduced stomatal density on water use efficiency: a case study on sugarcane and meta-analysis.","authors":"Daniel Lunn, Baskaran Kannan, Amandine Germon, Alistair Leverett, Tom E Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Andrew D B Leakey","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae271","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stomata regulate CO2 and water vapor exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Stomata are a target for engineering to improve crop intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). One example is by expressing genes that lower stomatal density (SD) and reduce stomatal conductance (gsw). However, the quantitative relationship between reduced SD, gsw, and the mechanisms underlying it is poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap using low-SD sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) as a case study alongside a meta-analysis of data from 10 species. Transgenic expression of EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2 from Sorghum bicolor (SbEPF2) in sugarcane reduced SD by 26-38% but did not affect gsw compared with the wild type. Further, no changes occurred in stomatal complex size or proxies for photosynthetic capacity. Measurements of gas exchange at low CO2 concentrations that promote complete stomatal opening to normalize aperture size between genotypes were combined with modeling of maximum gsw from anatomical data. These data suggest that increased stomatal aperture is the only possible explanation for maintaining gsw when SD is reduced. Meta-analysis across C3 dicots, C3 monocots, and C4 monocots revealed that engineered reductions in SD are strongly correlated with lower gsw (r2=0.60-0.98), but this response is damped relative to the change in anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"6837-6849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stomata: custodians of leaf gaseous exchange.","authors":"Tracy Lawson, Andrew D B Leakey","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae425","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"75 21","pages":"6677-6682"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illuminating stomatal responses to red light: establishing the role of Ci-dependent versus -independent mechanisms in control of stomatal behaviour.","authors":"Georgia Taylor, Julia Walter, Johannes Kromdijk","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jxb/erae093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stomatal response to red light appears to link stomatal conductance (gs) with photosynthetic rates. Initially, it was suggested that changes in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) provide the main cue via a Ci-dependent response. However, evidence for Ci-independent mechanisms suggests an additional, more direct relationship with photosynthesis. While both Ci-dependent and -independent mechanisms clearly function in stomatal red light responses, little is known regarding their relative contribution. The present study aimed to quantify the relative magnitude of Ci-dependent and -independent mechanisms on the stomatal red light response, to characterize their interplay and to assess the putative link between plastoquinone redox state and Ci-independent stomatal responses. Red light response curves measured at a range of Ci values for wild-type Arabidopsis (Col-0) and the CO2 hyposensitive mutant ca1ca4 allowed deconvolution of Ci-dependent and -independent pathways. Surprisingly, we observed that both mechanisms contribute equally to stomatal red light responses, but Ci-independent stomatal opening is suppressed at high Ci. The present data are also consistent with the involvement of the plastoquinone redox state in coordinating the Ci-independent component. Overall, it seems that while Ci-independent mechanisms are distinct from responses to Ci, interplay between these two pathways is important to facilitate effective coordination between gs and photosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":"6810-6822"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen at the crossroads of light: Integration of light signalling and plant nitrogen metabolism.","authors":"Lekshmy Sathee, Suriyaprakash R, Dipankar Barman, Sandeep B Adavi, Shailendra K Jha, Viswanathan Chinnusamy","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants have developed complex mechanisms to perceive, transduce, and respond to environmental signals, such as light, which are essential for acquiring and allocating resources, including nitrogen (N). This review delves into the complex interaction between light signals and N metabolism, emphasising light-mediated regulation of N uptake and assimilation. Firstly, we discuss the details of light-mediated regulation of N uptake and assimilation, focusing on the light-responsive activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrate transporters. Secondly, we discuss the influence of light on N-dependent developmental plasticity, elucidating how N availability regulates crucial developmental transitions such as flowering time, shoot branching, and root growth, as well as how light modulates these processes. Additionally, we discuss the molecular interaction between light and N signalling, focusing on photoreceptors and transcription factors such as HY5, which are necessary for N uptake and assimilation under varying light conditions. A recent understanding of the nitrate signalling and perception of low N is also highlighted. The insilico transcriptome analysis suggests a reprogramming of N signalling genes by shade and identifies NLP7, bZIP1, CPK30, CBL1, LBD37, LBD38 and HRS1 as crucial molecular regulators integrating light-regulated N metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betaine lipids overproduced in seed plants are excluded from plastid membranes and promote endomembrane expansion.","authors":"Sarah Salomon, Marion Schilling, Catherine Albrieux, Grégory Si Larbi, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, Sylvaine Roy, Denis Falconet, Morgane Michaud, Juliette Jouhet","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants and algae have to adapt to environmental changes and face various stresses that negatively affect their growth and development. One common stress is phosphate (Pi) deficiency, which is often present in the environment at limiting levels. In response to Pi deficiency, these organisms increase Pi uptake and remobilize intracellular Pi. Phospholipids are degraded to provide Pi and replaced by non-phosphorus lipids, such as glycolipids or betaine lipids. During evolution, seed plants lost the ability to synthesize betaine lipids. By expressing BTA1 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl-homoserine (DGTS), from different species, our work shows that DGTS can be produced in seed plants. In Arabidopsis, expression of BTA1 under a phosphate starvation-inducible promoter resulted in limited DGTS production without having any impact on plant growth or lipid remodeling. In transient expression systems in Nicotiana benthamiana, leaves were able to accumulate DGTS up to 30 % of their glycerolipid content at a slight expense of galactolipid and phospholipid production. At the subcellular level, we showed that DGTS is absent from the plastids and seems to be enriched in the endomembranes, driving an ER membrane proliferation. Finally, the DGTS synthesis pathway seems to compete with PC synthesis via the Kennedy pathway but does not seem to be derived from the PC diacylglycerol backbone and therefore does not interfere with the eukaryotic pathway involved in galactolipid synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsWRKY53 and CsWRKY40 synergistically regulate L-theanine hydrolysis by abscisic acid signaling pathway during tea withering.","authors":"Cheng Haiyan, Pan Qianhong, Wu Wei, Shen Jimin, Liu Xiaofen, Shi Yuxuan, Yin Xueren, Xu Ping","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-Theanine hydrolysis in tea leaves not only reduces tea product quality but also decreases their health benefits. Postharvest dehydration-induced abscisic acid (ABA) contributes to the L-theanine hydrolysis, but the specific mechanism is unexplored. Based on transcriptome analysis and gene silencing experiments, CsNCED3a was shown to be a key gene for ABA synthesis in harvested tea leaves, and CsABF7 up-regulated the expression of CsWRKY40, a transcription factor (TF) that directly regulates a L-theanine hydrolysis gene, resulting in the loss of L-theanine. CsWRKY53 and CsWRKY40 activated CsNCED3a expression. The CsWRKY53-CsWRKY40 complex exhibited a stronger regulatory effect than individual TFs. These findings reveal an ABA-mediated regulatory pathway for L-theanine hydrolysis, and highlight the pivotal role of ABA in postharvest metabolism of critical flavor-contributing metabolites in tea leaves.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model estimating the level of floral transition in olive trees exposed to warm periods during winter.","authors":"Ilan Smoly, Haim Elbaz, Chaim Engelen, Tahel Wechsler, Gal Elbaz, Giora Ben-Ari, Alon Samach, Tamar Friedlander","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising winter temperatures jeopardize the fruit yield of trees that require a prolonged and sufficiently cold winter to flower. Predicting the exact risk to different crop varieties is the first step in mitigating the harmful effects of climate change. This work focused on olive (Olea europaea) - a traditional crop in the Mediterranean basin whose flowering depends on the sufficiency of cold periods and the lack of warm ones during the preceding winter. Yet, a satisfactory quantitative model forecasting its expected flowering under natural temperature conditions is still lacking. The effect of different temperature regimes on olive flowering level and flowering-gene expression was empirically tested. A modified 'dynamic model' describing the response of a putative flowering factor to the temperature signal was constructed. The crucial component of the model was an unstable intermediate, produced and degraded at temperature-dependent rates. The model accounts for both the number of cold and warm hours but also for their sequence. Empirical flowering and temperature data were applied to fit the model parameters, applying numerical constrained optimization techniques; the model outcomes were successfully validated. The model accurately predicted low-to-moderate flowering under winters with warm periods and properly accounted for the effects of warm periods during winter.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycorrhization and chemical seed priming boost tomato stress tolerance by shifts of primary and defence metabolic pathways.","authors":"Luca Giovannini, Chiara Pagliarani, Eva Cañizares, Fabiano Sillo, Walter Chitarra, Silvia De Rose, Elisa Zampieri, Andreas Ioannou, Alexandros Spanos, Federico Vita, Miguel González-Guzmán, Vasileios Fotopoulos, Vicent Arbona, Raffaella Balestrini","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erae457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Priming modulates plant stress responses before the stress appears, increasing the ability of the primed plant to endure adverse conditions and thrive. In this context, we investigated the effect of biological (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) agents and natural compounds (i.e., salicylic acid applied alone or combined with chitosan) against water deficit and salinity on a commercial tomato genotype (cv. Moneymaker). Effects of seed treatments on AMF colonization were evaluated, demonstrating the possibility of using them in combination. Responses to water and salt stresses were analysed on primed plants alone or in combination with the AMF inoculum in soil. Trials were conducted on potted plants by subjecting them to water deficit or salt stress. The effectiveness of chemical seed treatments, both alone and in combination with post-germination AM fungal inoculation, was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach that included eco-physiology, biochemistry, transcriptomics, and untargeted metabolomics. Results showed that chemical seed treatment and AM symbiosis modified the tomato response to water deficit and salinity triggering a remodelling of both transcriptome and metabolome, which ultimately elicited the plant antioxidant and osmoprotective machinery. The plant physiological adaptation to both stress conditions improved, confirming the success of the adopted approaches in enhancing stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}