Journal of Fluorescence最新文献

{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of pH-Dependent Carbon Dots Sensitivity for Fe³⁺ Ions Detection Using UV-VIS Spectroscopy.","authors":"Muna E Raypah, Mohd Faizal Jamlos, Jelena Muncan, Ku Muhammad Naim Ku Khalif, Sarah Atifah Saruchi, Munira Mohd Ali, Chin Sim Yee, Agus Nugroho, Prabowo Puranto","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04358-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04358-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have become a potent and adaptable nanomaterial in recent years for the sensitive and specific detection of heavy metal ions. Ferric ion (Fe³⁺) is one of the most damaging metal ions that can infiltrate the human body and the environment. In this study, blue-emitting carbon dots (CDs) were successfully synthesized from lemon juice using a hydrothermal process. The sensitivity of CDs to Fe³⁺ ions was examined using various concentrations of Fe³⁺ (0-400 µM) under different pH conditions (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13) by measuring UV-Vis absorbance at 200-700 nm. The findings showed that the interaction between CDs and Fe³⁺ is significantly influenced by pH, resulting in varying absorbance enhancement responses. To get more profound insights into this pH-dependent performance, multivariate analysis techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were utilized. By combining these techniques with experimental data, significant correlations between pH levels, <math><mrow><mi>π</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mrow><mrow></mrow> <mo>∗</mo></mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </math> and <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mrow><mrow></mrow> <mo>∗</mo></mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </math> electronic transitions of CDs, and Fe³⁺ sensing performance were identified. According to the PLSR model, pH 7 is ideal for real-world uses since it offers the optimum balance between Fe³⁺ solubility and CDs sensing capabilities, closely matching environmental and physiological conditions. This work contributes to the knowledge of CDs-based sensing mechanisms and emphasizes the value of multivariate analysis in boosting material performance for real-world applications in the biochemical and environmental domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Benzo[d]Thiazole Derivative as Selective Fluorescent Chemosensors for Al³⁺ and Its AIE Properties.","authors":"Duong Quoc Hoan, Ngo Tuan Cuong, Nguyen Thi Ha Vy, Mai Phuong Chi, Nguyen Huu Thinh, Nguyen Trung Hieu, Le Phuong Thao, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Vinh, Le Thi Hong Hai","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04361-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04361-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel benzo[d]thiazole derivative (B31) was synthesized via a green method. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior was investigated in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water mixture. The solution of B31 exhibited fluorescence emission at approximately 500 nm with maximum intensity observed at 40% water content. B31 functioned as a selective fluorescence chemosensor for Al³⁺ ion with detection limit of 24 nM. In addition, a new complex [Al(B31-2H)(NO₃)] (AlB31) was prepared and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) spectra. Notably, the quantum yields of AlB31 complex in DMSO was approximately 60-foldhigher than that of the free B31 ligand, accompanied a significant Stokes shift. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to rationalize the optical properties of the studied compounds. The weak fluorescence of B31 is likely caused by the rotation of the naphthalene ring around the -CH = N- bond in the S₁ excited state. A plausible photoemission mechanism for the AlB31 complex has also been proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Approach to Estimate Electric Dipole Moments and Analysis of Preferential Solvation, Fluorescence Quenching of 4 NPMB Coumarin Molecule by Steady State Method.","authors":"Srinath, Shivakumar Chillargikar, Omnath Patil, S M Hanagodimath","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04331-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04331-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fluorescence and absorption characteristics of coumarin 1-(4-nitro-phenoxymethyl)-benzo[f]-chromen-3-one (4NPMB) at room temperature are examined in a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as well as in a few pure organic solvents. The influence of pure liquids on spectral characteristics is examined using various theories. Ground and excited state electric dipole moments were computed employing theoretical and Solvatochromic approaches. The redshift and excited electric dipole moment value of a molecule indicates that the molecule has gone through the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT). Kamlet-Taft suggests that the 4NPMB molecule integrates the solvent by its hydrogen bonding parameter rather than the dielectric parameter. From Catalan linear regression, we found that solvent acidity (SA) and the polarizability (SP) of a solvent have much more influence compared to solvent basicity (SB) and di-polarity (SdP) on a molecule. According to the preferential solvation investigation, tetrahydrofuran dominates the system up to the bulk molar fraction of 0.31. Acetonitrile thereafter takes over, as shown by the value of the preferential solvation constant ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>M</mi> <mn>12</mn></msub> <mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow> </mrow> </math> . Fluorescence quenching of physiologically active fluorescent probe examined by using aniline as a quencher in various solvents. According to the fluorescence quenching investigation, the Stern-Volmer plot in solvents with varying dielectric constants exhibits a linear dependency, revealing that quenching responses are dynamic in nature. Different types of quenching associated with the reaction have been found, and their corresponding quenching parameters have been evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the Photoluminescence of Ba₂Cd(BO₃)₂: RE³⁺ (RE = Dy, Tb) Phosphors.","authors":"S B Töreli, V E Kafadar, F M Emen, E Öztürk, R Altınkaya","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04349-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04349-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dy³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions doped Ba₂Cd(BO₃)₂ phosphors with varying concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mol%) were produced via the solid-state synthesis method in air. The as-synthesized phosphors were characterized. The photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of Ba₂Cd(BO₃)₂ phosphors doped with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mol% Dy³⁺ ions reveal four distinct emission bands in the blue, yellow, and red regions, with the 575 nm emission band (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_13/2, electric dipole transition) exhibiting a notably higher intensity than the 481 nm band (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_15/2, magnetic dipole transition). The optimal Dy³⁺ doping concentration was identified as 5 mol%, beyond which concentration quenching effects became apparent. Additionally, excitation and emission spectra of Ba₂Cd(BO₃)₂ phosphors doped with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mol% Tb³⁺ ions demonstrate efficient energy absorption at approximately 225 nm, with characteristic emission bands observed at 415, 436, 488, 544, 586, and 621 nm, corresponding to the ⁵D₃ → ⁷F₅, ⁵D₃ → ⁷F₄, ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₆, ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅, ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₄, and ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₃ transitions, respectively. The ideal concentrations for Dy³⁺ (5 mol%) and Tb³⁺ (6 mol%) in Ba₂Cd(BO₃)₂ are identified at x = 0.3717, y = 0.4064, and x = 0.2902, y = 0.5344, respectively, as per the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color spectrum, positioning Dy³⁺-doped phosphors within the yellow spectrum and Tb³⁺-doped phosphors within the green spectrum. These phosphors exhibit vibrant yellow and green luminescence, demonstrating their suitability as candidates for applications in these hues. They can be employed when stimulated by near-UV, UV, and blue laser diodes for WLEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen-Rich Graphene Quantum Dots Enable Detection of Pr³⁺, Ho³⁺, and Er³⁺ Via Spectral Overlap Engineering.","authors":"Di Luo, Wenzhao Yu, Xiang Wang, Meng Tao, Xinqiang Gao, Linde Zhang, Zhaojun Mo, Jun Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04329-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04329-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rare-earth impurities in high-purity rare-earth materials can significantly affect their performance. Therefore, developing accurate and rapid methods for detecting rare-earth has become an urgent necessity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) emerge as promising candidates for fluorescent probes. This study presents a novel approach to determining the concentrations of energy-resonant rare-earth ions (Pr³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺) using oxygen-rich GQDs. These GQDs were synthesized through an oxidation-cutting method involving H₂O₂ and KOH, followed by separation using different dialysis bags. The fluorescence intensity of the GQDs displayed strong linear correlations with the concentrations of Pr³⁺, Ho³⁺, and Er³⁺ within the ranges of 5-200 µM, 100-350 µM, and 20-150 µM, respectively. The case of industrial separation of high-purity Pr³⁺ was simulated. For Pr³⁺, the fluorescence intensity still shows a linear correlation in the range of 10-130 µM under the interference of Nd³⁺. The sensing mechanisms were systematically investigated using comprehensive multidimensional characterization techniques. UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy reveal that Pr³⁺ ions form ground-state complexes with GQDs through synergistic coordination involving the π-conjugated system and oxygen atoms' lone-pair electrons. TRPL demonstrated spectra resonance-based energy transfer from GQDs to Pr³⁺, accompanied by quantum energy loss during relaxation. Furthermore, the FL spectrum of Pr³⁺ indicates that the formation of the ground-state complex induces ground-state energy-level splitting, which facilitates the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The combined effects of static and dynamic quenching lead to the fluorescence decay of GQDs. This work demonstrates the promising potential of GQDs for the rapid and accurate detection of rare earth ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Water-soluble Triphenylamine-based Fluorescent Probes for Real-time Monitoring of HSO₃^⁻/SO₃^2⁻ in Food Samples and Living Cells.","authors":"Xiujuan Li, Xinyuan Ma, Zhaogang Chen, Shoucheng Wang, Fengjin Liu, Jiancai Ding, Hao Jiang, Hang Wu, Xiufang Li, Xinchao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04288-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04288-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is ubiquitously present in environmental and biological samples, predominantly as HSO₃^-/SO₃^2- in aqueous solutions. While their controlled utilization underpins industrial and agricultural processes, excessive residual SO₂ poses severe threats to ecological sustainability and physiological homeostasis in organisms. To address the pressing need for rapid, real-time monitoring of these species, we developed a novel D-π-A structured fluorescent probe, TPA-SO₂, engineered through rational integration of triphenylamine as a robust electron-donating moiety. This probe exhibits excellent water solubility. Photophysical experiments revealed that the probe possesses high selectivity, instantaneous response (< 10 s), and a low detection limit (21.4 nM) for SO₂ derivatives in PBS solution. Experimental results demonstrate the probe's applicability for detecting SO₂ residues in various food products and for imaging SO₂ derivatives in living cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactant in Enhancing the Fluorescence Properties of Besifloxacin Fluoroquinolone; Application to Eye Formulations and Artificial Aqueous Humor.","authors":"Islam M Mostafa, Demiana W Fakhry, Mohamed A Abdelshakour, Deena A M Nour El-Deen","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04310-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04310-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ultrasensitive, selective, rapid, and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric approach is established and validated to quantify the ophthalmic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, besifloxacin (BN), in its ophthalmic preparations and artificial aqueous humor. Unlike previously reported methods that require costly fluorogenic derivatization reagents, lengthy analytical procedures, or expensive instrumentation, the proposed approach offers a simple and highly sensitive alternative method for detecting BN. The suggested method relies on using 2.0% w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a micellar system in an acetate buffer solution (pH 3.6) to boost the fluorescence intensity of BN at λ_em of 446 nm. The fluorescence intensity of BN was remarkably amplified by around 2.6 folds compared to the BN in acetate buffer without SDS surfactant. The linearity range of the developed method was 5.0-100 ng/mL with detection and quantitation limits of 0.64 and 1.93 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, the proposed micellar system has been effectively used for the assay of the BN in eye drops and artificial aqueous humor and the achieved percentage recoveries for artificial aqueous humor samples were in the range of 98.82 ± 1.89-103.08 ± 1.60%.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent and Colorimetric Methods for Mercury Sensing: Trends and Applications.","authors":"Duraisamy Udhayakumari","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04356-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04356-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury contamination poses a profound threat to both environmental integrity and human well-being due to its extreme toxicity and strong bioaccumulative properties. Consequently, there is an increasing imperative for detection methodologies that exhibit exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and efficiency in identifying mercury ions (Hg²⁺) with rapid response times. Among the diverse array of analytical techniques, fluorescent and colorimetric sensors have emerged as highly promising due to their operational simplicity, remarkable sensitivity, and capability for real-time monitoring. This review delves into recent advancements in these sensing modalities, with a particular emphasis on cutting-edge detection mechanisms, nanomaterial-enhanced strategies, and innovative probe architectures. Finally, this review critically examines the prevailing challenges and explores future perspectives for these technologies in pivotal domains such as environmental surveillance, food safety, and biomedical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Chemo Sensors and Fluorosensors for Manganese.","authors":"Shampa Chakraborty, Supratim Halder, Sandipan Halder","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04287-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04287-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manganese is a trace essential element in human body. Manganese can not be produced in body so the daily intake of manganese sources like shellfish, oysters, brown rice, black tea, Oat meal, black pepper, spinach and other dietary supplements of manganese are important. Manganese sensors are very rare and therefore it is very much important to discuss about all the sensors synthesized for manganese still date.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-Responsive Er-Doped NiAl₂O₄/Mn/GO Nanocomposites: Green Synthesis and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants via Fluorescent Behavior for Water Purification.","authors":"Seyed Ali Hosseini Moradi, Durgham Abdulsattar Oleiwi, Kamran Heydaryan, Sattar H Abed, Farzad Namvar","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04357-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04357-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic dye-induced water pollution poses considerable environmental challenges, underscoring the urgent demand for novel and sustainable remediation strategies. In this context, the present study introduces an eco-friendly synthesis approach for Er-doped NiAl₂O₄/Mn/GO nanocomposites, employing rhubarb extract as a natural capping agent to enhance the process's sustainability. Various synthesis techniques, including microwave irradiation, co-precipitation, ultrasonic treatment, and hydrothermal processes, were rigorously investigated to determine their impact on the morphological features, physicochemical attributes, and fluorescence behavior of the resulting nanocomposites. Comprehensive characterization was performed using advanced analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The photophysical characteristics of the nanocomposites were investigated, emphasizing their fluorescence response under UV irradiation. A band gap value of 3.2 eV highlighted their promising photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light exposure. The photocatalytic efficiency, assessed against Acid Black 1 dye, demonstrated effective degradation capabilities. Radical scavenger experiments utilizing p-benzoquinone, benzoic acid, and EDTA offered valuable insights into the underlying degradation mechanisms. The ultrasound-assisted synthesis technique exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency, achieving a remarkable 94.59% degradation of dye within 60 min utilizing 40 mg of the nanocatalyst. These findings underscore the significant potential of Er-doped NiAl₂O₄/Mn/GO nanocomposites, characterized by their enhanced fluorescence properties, as efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for the effective elimination of organic pollutants from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}