Xinyu Zhao , Xiaoxiao Zou , Bohuai Pang , Hang Ma , Qing Liu , Lilian Wang , Hong Guo
{"title":"Interfacial charge redistribution at multi-phase boundaries for efficient electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis and high-power Zn-NO3− batteries","authors":"Xinyu Zhao , Xiaoxiao Zou , Bohuai Pang , Hang Ma , Qing Liu , Lilian Wang , Hong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nitrate reduction via electrochemical catalysis offers an environmentally friendly method for sustainable ammonia production and wastewater remediation. However, conventional Co-based catalysts suffer from a major limitation: their nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) adsorption capacity remains weak. This drawback severely restricts their catalytic efficiency. To overcome this limitation, we synthesized a triphasic interface material (Cu/Co/CoO@C) via rapid joule heating and elucidated its performance-enhancing mechanisms. The exceptional catalytic performance originates from the phase interface-induced multiscale structural regulation. At the microscopic scale, electronic structure modulation through interfacial charge redistribution between Cu and Co/CoO significantly reduces intermediate adsorption energies. Co 3<em>d</em> and O 2<em>p</em> orbitals coupling generates a localized polarized electric field, enhancing NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> activation. At the macroscopic scale, defect-rich structures improve mass transfer and expose abundant active sites. With the Cu/Co/CoO@C, the yield of NH<sub>3</sub> is achieved to 2.03 mmol h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> (−0.4 V vs. RHE, Faradaic efficiency (FE) 98.4 %). The assembled Zn-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> battery delivered a maximum power density of 52.09 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> and a NH<sub>3</sub> production rate of 297.5 µmol h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> (FE 95.4 %). Based on these results, this work offers new insights into multiphase interface design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luyao Ma, Chong Liu, Yang Pu, Yuhui Jiang, Ning Jia, Ruihao Chen, Zhe Liu, Hongqiang Wang
{"title":"Low-toxicity solvent processing in ambient air for perovskite solar cells via two-step Bayesian machine learning","authors":"Luyao Ma, Chong Liu, Yang Pu, Yuhui Jiang, Ning Jia, Ruihao Chen, Zhe Liu, Hongqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low-cost industrial application of perovskite solar cells requires an environmentally friendly and scalable fabrication process. However, achieving high-quality perovskite layers under these requirements is challenging because the multi-step optimization with multiple intercorrelated experimental variables typically requires the development of a new deposition process. To address this, we propose a two-step machine learning approach for creating a new method for perovskite deposition in ambient air and anti-solvent-free processing with a low-toxicity solvent triethyl phosphate (TEP). The two-step machine learning approach integrates a precursor solubility prediction model and a device-efficiency prediction model within a Bayesian optimization framework. This framework enables the information of solubility to be passed as a constraint function when optimizing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, facilitating a quick optimization of a TEP-based, vacuum-quenching-assisted deposition in ambient air. Furthermore, the optimal precursor solution is subsequently applied to FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite devices, achieving a device power conversion efficiency of 24.26% under ambient conditions (23 °C and ∼50% relative humidity). This work demonstrates the promising potential of machine learning to expedite new fabrication processes to fulfill industrial needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 737-743"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyi Zhang , Benlin He , Pujie Shi , Yuanqing Li , Zhiwei Ma , Changqing Liu , Qihang Cheng , Haiyan Chen , Jialong Duan , Qunwei Tang
{"title":"Understanding the effect of additives intermolecular interactions on high-efficiency perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xinyi Zhang , Benlin He , Pujie Shi , Yuanqing Li , Zhiwei Ma , Changqing Liu , Qihang Cheng , Haiyan Chen , Jialong Duan , Qunwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manipulation of crystallization and healing defects by introducing additives to prepare high-quality perovskite (PVK) films is crucial for achieving efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the intermolecular interactions of the additives, which may affect their modulation of the quality of the PVK films as well as the performance of PSCs, are neglected. In this work, two benzimidazole-based additives with different intermolecular interactions, 5-chloro-1-[1-[3-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (DOM) and 5-chloro-1-(4-piperidinyl)-2-benzimidazolinone (CPBI), are introduced into the PVK precursor to explore the impact of the own intermolecular interactions of additives on their functions. After a detailed investigation, the results demonstrate that the weaker interactions between DOM molecules than those between CPBI molecules enable the stronger binding of DOM with PbI<sub>2</sub> precursor and (110) plane of PVK than that of CPBI, which induces a significantly slow crystallization of PVK with preferentially oriented growth and a high passivation effect on defects after DOM introduction. The PVK films with DOM additives also exhibit a distinctly enhanced residual strain release compared with the CPBI-treated films and energy level matching that of the carbon electrode. Consequently, the DOM-treated carbon-based PSCs without encapsulation prepared in air achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.30 % and excellent stability with 86 % efficiency retention after 1000 h storage in air. This work provides an insight into understanding the effect of the intermolecular interactions of additives on affecting the quality regulation and defect passivation of PVK films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaoran Yang , Shuyu Liang , Cong Zhang , Tianyu Zhang , Wenfu Xie , Min Li , Qiang Wang
{"title":"Cu vacancies in in-situ reconstructed CuxSe catalysts enhancing C2+ production in CO2 electroreduction","authors":"Chaoran Yang , Shuyu Liang , Cong Zhang , Tianyu Zhang , Wenfu Xie , Min Li , Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu)-based catalysts have demonstrated promising selectivity and activity in electroreducing CO<sub>2</sub> to multi-carbon (C<sub>2+</sub>) products. Among them, oxide-derived Cu catalysts exhibit high selectivity for C<sub>2+</sub> products in the CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). Cu chalcogenide-derived catalysts offer a promising approach to tune the electronic structure of Cu sites via surface reconstruction, thereby affecting the product distribution. However, the effect of in-situ anion dissolution, especially Se ions, on the electronic structure of Cu selenides at negative potentials remains overlooked, despite its potential to significantly affect catalytic activity. In this study, we developed a series of Cu selenide catalysts with varying Cu/Se ratios to optimize electronic structures and enhance CO<sub>2</sub>RR performance. Among them, Cu<sub>1.8</sub>Se, featuring Cu vacancies, exhibited the highest activity for C<sub>2+</sub> products formation and the highest C<sub>2+</sub>/C<sub>1</sub> products ratio, nearly 2–3 times greater than the others. This catalyst also demonstrated good stability over 38 h of electrolysis under −450 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, with a maximum C<sub>2+</sub> products Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 70 %. In-situ surface reconstruction analysis revealed Se loss and Cu<sup>+</sup>/Cu<sup>2+</sup> reduction of the initial Cu<sub>1.8</sub>Se catalyst, forming Cu/Cu<em><sub>x</sub></em>Se structures with Cu vacancies, identified as the real active sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in-situ infrared absorption spectroscopy confirmed that Cu vacancies play a critical role in stabilizing *CHOCO intermediates for C–C coupling while suppressing hydrogen evolution reaction and C<sub>1</sub> products formation. These findings highlight Cu vacancy engineering as an effective strategy for enhancing C<sub>2+</sub> selectivity in CO<sub>2</sub>RR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 354-364"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electron-deficient Pd and atomic Fe sites cooperatively boosting nitrate-to-ammonia conversion","authors":"Chaoxiang Shi, Yabo Guo, Shaobo Zhang, Lu-Hua Zhang, Fengshou Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>RR) has emerged as a promising alternative for both wastewater treatment and producing NH<sub>3</sub> sustainably. The construction of a composite with optimized regulation of electron states is a viable strategy for tuning the adsorption of reaction intermediates and promoting the subsequent hydrogenation of *NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> intermediates. Here, Pd nanoparticles were supported on N-doped carbon (NC) embedded with a single Fe atom (Pd@Fe-NC) to boost the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> conversion to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and further promote NH<sub>3</sub> generation. The catalyst shows a NH<sub>3</sub> production rate of 876.3 mmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sub>ca</sub><sub>t</sub><sup>−1</sup> with a corresponding Faradaic efficiency of 92.5% at −0.7 V (versus RHE) under ambient conditions. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that by embedding Fe atoms in the NC substrate, the electron transfer from Pd to the carbon substrate at the Pd/NC interface was enhanced, resulting in more pronounced electron-deficient Pd sites compared with those in Pd@NC. As a result, the electron-deficient Pd facilitates the adsorption of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. The adjacent atomic Fe sites efficiently promote water dissociation, providing abundant *H for the hydrogenation of *NO<sub>2</sub> at Pd sites. The synergistic effects between Pd and single Fe atom sites simultaneously decrease the energy barrier for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> adsorption and hydrogenation, thereby promoting the conversion of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> to NH<sub>3</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 220-226"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kangdong Tian, Ruifeng Li, Miaofa Yuan, Jiafeng Li, Chengxiang Wang
{"title":"Vacancy-driven coordination field modulating electron spin state for enhanced bidirectional polysulfide conversion in lithium-sulfur batteries","authors":"Kangdong Tian, Ruifeng Li, Miaofa Yuan, Jiafeng Li, Chengxiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulating the electronic structure has emerged as an effective strategy for optimizing the adsorption and catalytic capabilities of electrocatalysts in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the regulation of electronic structure involving spin-related charge transfer and orbital interactions has been largely underexplored in sulfur electrocatalysts. Herein, selenium-deficient bimetallic selenides embedded in a coaxial carbon layer (CoSe<sub>2−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>/ZnSe) were meticulously fabricated as electrocatalysts, aiming to modulate the electron spin state of Co catalytic sites to enhance the bidirectional lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) conversion kinetics and suppress the LiPSs shuttling effect. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results indicate that the selenium vacancies at the CoSe<sub>2−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>/ZnSe heterointerfaces weaken the ligand fields and drive the Co 3<em>d</em> orbital electronic structure transition from low-spin to high-spin states. Such tailored spin state configuration generates more unpaired electrons and upshifts the <em>d</em>-band center, thus accelerating the charge transfer and strengthening the orbital interactions between LiPSs and Co catalytic sites. As a consequence, the assembled Li-S batteries with CoSe<sub>2−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>/ZnSe electrocatalysts exhibit an ultralow average decay rate of 0.028% per cycle at 1 C over 1000 cycles. This work presents a novel strategy for manipulating ligand fields to realize electron spin state modulation in sulfur electrocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guanghui Xia , Huimin Xu , Yuchen Zhang , Zhixiang Wang , Ji Zhou , Junyu Chen , Yao Wang , Yungui Chen , Chaoling Wu
{"title":"Covalent anchored Pd nanoclusters via a defect-mediated strategy for efficient alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis","authors":"Guanghui Xia , Huimin Xu , Yuchen Zhang , Zhixiang Wang , Ji Zhou , Junyu Chen , Yao Wang , Yungui Chen , Chaoling Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance metal nanocluster catalysts is hindered by a fundamental stabilization-activity trade-off. Oxide supports often induce over-stabilization via insulating overlayers that block active sites, while conventional functionalized carbon supports suffer from thermodynamic instability and weak metal-support electronic coupling, leading to aggregation. Herein, a novel defect-mediated covalent anchoring strategy is presented to immobilize transition metal (Pd, Ru, and Ir) NCs within ordered mesoporous carbon. This approach leverages intrinsic micropore defects to capture precursors and facilitate in-situ formation of direct metal-carbon covalent bonds. Controlled pyrolysis confines metal atom sintering into clusters within the mesopores, achieving high metal loading. This enrooted architecture uniquely balances stability and activity: it avoids the excessive metal-carbon bonding detrimental to single-atom catalysts while maintaining sufficient, controllable interactions. The resulting Pd NCs catalyst exhibits exceptional hydrogen oxidation reaction activity, surpassing mass activity benchmarks of conventional Pt/C. Critically, this methodology decouples atomic-scale stabilization from catalytic site accessibility, resolving the long-standing activity-stability dilemma and providing a generalizable platform for fabricating stable, high-loading cluster catalysts with optimized electronic structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 346-353"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guobo Yang , Lujun Huang , Yajie Song , Yating Huang , Bo Lu , Qingsong Liu , Tiefeng Liu , Jiajun Wang , Xiang Gao , Lin Geng
{"title":"Regulating internal strain and oxygen activity via built-in perovskite strengthening network for stable Ni-rich cathodes","authors":"Guobo Yang , Lujun Huang , Yajie Song , Yating Huang , Bo Lu , Qingsong Liu , Tiefeng Liu , Jiajun Wang , Xiang Gao , Lin Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries, but the chemo-electro-mechanical deterioration of polycrystalline particles caused by intergranular microcracks hinders their applications. Herein, a perovskite LiTaO<sub>3</sub> strengthening network along the grain boundaries is designed to enhance the mechanical and structural stability of polycrystalline LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by suppressing the anisotropic volume variation and retard the internal strain. Notably, the perovskite-modified LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material exhibits significantly improved cyclability and rate capacity. Such enhanced electrochemical behavior can be ascribed not merely to the compacted particle, where the LiTaO<sub>3</sub> interface effectively inhibits electrolyte infiltration, but also to the structural stability in terms of inhibiting lattice oxygen release through the introduction of strong Ta–O bonds, thereby restraining interfacial side reactions and surface phase transitions. This work provides precise control over grain boundaries to suppress the inter-strain, taking care of the crystal structure and interface properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 373-382"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bulk and interphase properties of W-doped K3SbS4 solid-state electrolyte","authors":"Jonas Grill, Jelena Popovic-Neuber","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 274-278"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yilin Chen , Yuxin Fan , Yongqing Gong , Chenlong Gao , Yunhui Huang , Wei Luo , Menghao Yang
{"title":"Atomistic insights into dynamic evolution of solid electrolyte interface","authors":"Yilin Chen , Yuxin Fan , Yongqing Gong , Chenlong Gao , Yunhui Huang , Wei Luo , Menghao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.07.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries are at the forefront of modern energy storage technology. However, the accumulation of by-products such as ethylene and carbon dioxide during charging and discharging cycles reduces battery effective capacity and threatens large-scale safe performance. With significant advantages over ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolytes, fluorinated electrolytes can more effectively suppress internal gas evolution, thereby improving battery safety and cycling stability. To reveal the mechanism behind gas formation in lithium-ion batteries, our study investigated the transport behavior and interfacial products of fluorinated electrolytes under various operation conditions, including electrode material and electrolyte composition. Innovatively, we applied the reaction network integrator ReacNetGenerator to the analysis of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) in lithium batteries, providing more molecular fingerprint information from the perspective of specific products. Using reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the ReaxFF force field and EChemDID, complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, our results demonstrate that fluorinated electrolytes can effectively suppress the decomposition of LiPF<sub>6</sub> to produce toxic gases PF<sub>5</sub> and PF<sub>3</sub>. DFT analysis further reveals that highly fluorinated solvents (e.g., FEMC) enhance the anti-reduction stability of PF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> through synergistic regulation of molecular orbital energy levels, thermodynamic electron affinity, charge transfer, and electrostatic potential distribution, thereby mitigating LiPF<sub>6</sub> decomposition. Additionally, fluorinated electrolytes generate significantly more LiF components than non-fluorinated ones to promote the formation of a stable and durable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Experimental validations via XPS and GC–MS confirm reduced CO<sub>2</sub> generation and LiF-enriched SEI formation, aligning with simulation and DFT data. The findings provide valuable insights for the design of advanced electrolytes aimed at ensuring large-scale, safe energy storage solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 401-411"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}