Journal of Energy Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Perovskite solar cells empowered by machine learning","authors":"Zongwei Li ,&nbsp;Chong Huang ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Chao ,&nbsp;Yonghua Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Gaojie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, while single-junction PSCs have achieved remarkable efficiencies, factors such as a limited range of developed perovskite materials and immature fabrication processes have constrained their commercialization. Achieving the development of perovskite materials and the preparation of high-performance devices at low cost is a key challenge for the commercialization of PSCs. To address this challenge, machine learning (ML) has been widely applied in the field of PSCs. This paper briefly introduces the basic workflow of ML, providing a foundational understanding for further research on its applications in the PSCs domain. Subsequently, the paper systematically reviews the relevant applications of ML in the PSCs field. Finally, it summarizes the key factors that need to be considered for ML-empowered PSCs and highlights the future directions that should be continuously monitored for development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 403-437"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oriented Zn(0 0 2) planar plating/stripping for high-capacity ultralong-life aqueous batteries","authors":"Yuxiao Wang,&nbsp;Weihua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications. We report herein a dual-configuration bifunctional DL-citrulline (DL-Cit) as an electrolyte additive to stabilize Zn anodes for ultralong cycle-life aqueous energy storage. Trace amounts of DL-Cit reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn²⁺ via strong interactions with Zn²⁺, while DL-Cit is preferentially adsorbed on Zn anode surfaces to orchestrate the ion flux and ensure uniform Zn deposition. The well-formed flat Zn(0<!--> <!-->0<!--> <!-->2) texture not only enhances the electrochemical stability of Zn anodes but also exhibits more significant orientation priority upon increasing current density. These properties endow Zn anodes with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% after 1500 cycles and a long cycle life of over 3000 h, achieving an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity of 4.8 Ah cm⁻² even under rigorous plating/stripping conditions (8 mA cm⁻²). Consequently, the Zn||MnO₂ full cells provide a high capacity of 143.35 mA h g⁻¹ after continuous cycling for more than 3000 cycles. The Zn||activated carbon hybrid capacitors with DL-Cit additives operate stably beyond 30,000 cycles. This versatile electrolyte strategy provides an effective solution for the practical application of Zn-based energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary ammonium salt additive reconstructing the electrolyte environment and layered organic vanadium oxide assisting novel Ni-ion batteries","authors":"Xi Wang,&nbsp;Fengyun Mao,&nbsp;Chanyu Yang,&nbsp;Yun Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni-ion aqueous batteries (NIBs) were considered an important development direction for aqueous batteries due to the high theoretical capacity (913 mA h g⁻¹) and volume capacity (8136 mA h cm⁻³) of nickel metal. Herein, an electrolyte additive (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, DTAC) was used to improve the electrolyte environment, achieve efficient transport of Ni-ion, and combine the intercalated vanadium oxide cathodes to realize novel strategy NIBs. Firstly, the introduction of trace amounts of DTAC improved the high-concentration NiCl₂ (4.2 M) electrolyte environment and reconstructed the hydrogen bond network. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations and electrochemical results indicated that DTAC contributed to the desolvation process of Ni²⁺ and the realization of fast dynamics. The results of Ni symmetric cells demonstrated that DTAC enhanced the rapid migration of Ni-ion and achieved longer cycling stability (1750/1500 h at 0.2/0.5 mA cm⁻² without obvious short circuits). Secondly, the insertion of organic small molecules (pyrrolidine) into vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) to expand the interlayer spacing promoted the Ni-ion storage capacity of the cathodes. The capacity retention rate of Ni full battery after 6000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹ reached 82.17%. This work provided a novel strategy for the development of Ni-ion aqueous batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 797-807"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green pathway to 14.51% efficiency in all-small-molecule organic solar cells: apigenin-mediated morphology control with halogen-free processing","authors":"Lingya Sun ,&nbsp;Wentao Zou ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shizhao Liu ,&nbsp;Meiyuan Zu ,&nbsp;Xunchang Wang ,&nbsp;Renqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Xianshao Zou ,&nbsp;Longlong Geng ,&nbsp;Hua Xie ,&nbsp;Huajun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Kan ,&nbsp;Yanna Sun ,&nbsp;Ke Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM OSCs) have emerged as promising photovoltaic technologies due to their excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility and potential for scalable manufacturing. However, the development of eco-friendly processing protocols using halogen-free solvents combined with sustainable solid additives remains unexplored, despite being crucial for realizing green and efficient ASM OSC production. Herein, we demonstrate the first successful integration of plant-extracted apigenin (AP) as a green solid additive with tetrahydrofuran (THF), a non-halogenated processing solvent, in ASM OSC fabrication. Systematic investigations reveal that AP establishes hydrogen-bonding interactions with the acceptor molecules, thereby promoting tighter molecular packing and enhancing crystallinity. Simultaneously, the additive modulates donor–acceptor miscibility to optimize phase-separated domain sizes. These synergistic effects generate a well-interconnected nanomorphology with balanced charge transport pathways, effectively facilitating exciton dissociation while suppressing charge recombination. The resultant devices obtain a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.51%, representing one of the highest performances among halogen-free processed binary ASM OSCs reported to date. This pioneering work establishes a viable pathway toward sustainable OSC manufacturing by demonstrating that eco-friendly additives can synergistically cooperate with non-halogenated solvents to simultaneously enhance device performance and process sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 819-826"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice activation for air deposition of micrometer-grain Pb-Sn perovskite film realizing efficient and stable ideal-bandgap solar cells","authors":"Xiaojia Zhao ,&nbsp;Weiyin Gao ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Yang ,&nbsp;Zelin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenhuang Su ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Chao ,&nbsp;He Dong ,&nbsp;Xingyu Gao ,&nbsp;Yonghua Chen ,&nbsp;Chenxin Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead-tin (Pb-Sn) perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34–1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recently, to address the environmental pollution and Sn²⁺ oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide, methylammonium acetate (MAAc) ionic liquid has been developed as an alternative to fabricate ideal bandgap MAPb_0.7Sn_0.3I₃ (1.36 eV) film via hot-casting in air. However, the spontaneous crystallization of Pb-Sn perovskite initiated by heat-induced supersaturation is fast and random, setting critical challenges in regulating crystal growth during the film-forming process. Herein, a lattice activation strategy is developed to control the crystallization dynamics of MAPb_0.7Sn_0.3I₃ in MAAc to produce films with micrometer-sized grains in air. FA is shown to activate the crystal lattice that facilitates the formation of intermediates and balances the crystal growth of MAPb_0.7Sn_0.3I₃, producing films with a grain size of 2.78 ± 0.17 μm. Furthermore, 4-fluoro-phenethylammonium and phenethylammonium are adopted to passivate the defects in the film and promote the energy level alignment at the top interface, respectively. The optimized PSC device achieved an efficiency of 18.24% with a short-circuit current of 29.84 mA/cm², which are both the highest values in 1.36 eV Pb-Sn PSCs to date. Notably, the unencapsulated devices show excellent storage and air stability under various conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 808-818"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary enhancement between noble metal-like Fe3C and Cu0/Cu+ sites to fulfil highly selective wide-potential nitrate electroreduction to ammonia","authors":"Yuxuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Runlin Xia ,&nbsp;Ran Hao ,&nbsp;Shengjing Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuping Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mild electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), driven by renewable electricity, is regarded as a desirable strategy for green ammonia synthesis and simultaneous removal of nitrogen-containing environmental pollutants. In view of different supply voltages from renewable energy sources, developing cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts with a wide operating potential window is very meaningful for practical application. However, currently reported catalysts usually need to introduce noble metals to synergistically achieve wide-potential selective ammonia synthesis from nitrate. In this work, we present for the first time a dual-transition-metal electrocatalyst (Fe₃C-CuO<em>_x</em>@NC, <em>x</em> = 0, 1) with wide-potential-adaptability for highly selective nitrate reduction to ammonia. Such Fe₃C-CuO<em>_x</em>@NC with spatially separated CuO<em>_x</em> and noble-metal-like Fe₃C nanoparticles encapsulated with nitrogen-doped graphitized carbon, exhibits outstanding performance in NO3RR with desirable NH₃ Faraday efficiency of more than 90% over a wide potential ranging from −0.2 V vs. RHE to −0.6 V vs. RHE, comparable to the reported noble metal catalysts. Different from common tandem catalysis, the wide-potential high ammonia selectivity of Fe₃C-CuO<em>_x</em>@NC is dominantly ascribed to the complementary enhancement between CuO<em>_x</em> and Fe₃C, fully supported by results of experiments and density function theory calculations. CuO<em>_x</em> exhibit highly intrinsic nitrate reduction to nitrite to compensate for the slow potential determination step (*NO₃ → *NO₃H) of Fe₃C, while Fe₃C, besides behaving like noble metals to supply adequate active hydrogens, has both good adsorption and reduction abilities for nitrite species to ammonia. Moreover, Fe₃C partially stabilizes active Cu⁰/Cu⁺ sites, and the unique carbon-layer encapsulation structure effectively prevents the agglomeration and corrosion of metal nanoparticles during the electrocatalysis, thus maintaining good cyclic stability. The Zn-NO₃⁻ battery assembled with Fe₃C-CuO<em>_x</em>@NC can reach a high power density of 5.2 mW cm⁻² at a potential of 1.0 V vs. Zn, with an NH₃ Faraday efficiency of 92.4% at a current of 8.0 mA, proving its potential practical application. This advance provides unique insights into complementary catalysis mechanisms on multiple metal sites in NO3RR, and offers a reference for the design of other transition metal electrocatalysts matching with renewable electricity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 713-723"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced hole extraction through in situ mixed self-assembled molecules for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xiang He ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Shantao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yajuan Li ,&nbsp;Xuefei Weng ,&nbsp;Irfan Ismail ,&nbsp;Chang-Qi Ma ,&nbsp;Shangfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), owing to their amphiphilic nature, tend to aggregate, which impedes the formation of a dense and uniform SAM on the substrate. Additionally, the weak adsorption ability of SAMs on the indium tin oxide (ITO) surface and the desorption of hydroxyl (OH) from the ITO surface induced by polar solvents can lead to the formation of vacancies. Herein, a dimethylacridine-based SAM is incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution. This SAM can be extruded from the precursor solution and enriched on the bottom surface of the perovskite, filling the vacancies and in situ forming a mixed SAM with MeO-2PACz as a hole-selective layer (HSL). The in situ formed mixed SAM optimizes the energy level alignment between the HSL and the perovskite, facilitating hole extraction and alleviating the residual strain of the perovskite film. Consequently, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), based on the mixed SAM, achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.69% and exhibit excellent operational stability. When this approach is applied to 1.78 eV bandgap PSC devices, it yields a PCE of 20.08%. This work presents a unique strategy for fabricating both high-quality perovskite films and superior buried interfaces, which is also applicable to wide-bandgap PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 177-185"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing Ru-P/O-transition metal bridge enabling high-performance oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Fengying Pan ,&nbsp;Cheng Gong ,&nbsp;Yiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Zeliang Wu ,&nbsp;Dongfang Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Wu ,&nbsp;Xianjun Cao ,&nbsp;Yi Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Li ,&nbsp;Hong Gao ,&nbsp;Jinqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yufei Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating low-concentration precious metals into transition metal phosphides (TMPs) may represent a promising strategy to achieve improved catalytic performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We design RuP₄ clusters immobilized on porous NiFeP nanosheets with Ru-P/O-TM bridge (RuP-NiFeP) for effective OER. The Ru-P/O-Ni/Fe bridges formed between the RuP₄ clusters and the NiFeP facilitate electron transfer between oxyphilic Ru atoms and Ni/Fe atoms, enabling Ru to achieve optimized reactant/intermediate adsorption. Advanced characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of Ru species leads to the upshift of <em>d</em> band center and the formation of more disordered γ-NiOOH. The Ru-based clusters and the achieved disordered γ-NiOOH may deliver synergistic effect to further enhance the OER capability of RuP-NiFeP. Moreover, the presence of Ru species shifts the OER mechanism from the absorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) pathway (NiFeP) to the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) pathway, with *OH deprotonation (*OH → *O) as the rate-determining step (RDS). The RuP-NiFeP catalyst exhibits remarkable alkaline OER activity, requiring only an overpotential of 225 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm⁻², and retains its performance with a minimal current density decay of 1.9% after stability test. This work offers valuable insights into the design of cost-effective and highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline OER.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 872-880"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the enhancement of MgH2 hydrogen storage performance by ultra-stable bimetallic Mo2V2C3 MXene","authors":"Xingqing Duan,&nbsp;Shuo Liang,&nbsp;Shixuan He,&nbsp;Jinting Chen,&nbsp;Zeyu Zhang,&nbsp;Bogu Liu,&nbsp;Yawei Li,&nbsp;Haixiang Huang,&nbsp;Ying Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium hydride, as an important light-metal hydrogen storage material for on-board hydrogen storage, aerospace, and energy fields, has long been limited in its large-scale applications by slow hydrogen storage speed and high dehydrogenation temperature. In this work, ultra-stable bimetallic MXene Mo₂V₂C₃ was successfully synthesized and used to accelerate the hydrogen storage speed and reduce the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation temperature of MgH₂. The MgH₂ + 10 wt% Mo₂V₂C₃ sample starts dehydrogenation at 180 °C and reaches the maximum dehydrogenation rate at 259 °C. It also exhibits outstanding room-temperature (RT) rapid hydrogenation performance and cycling stability, retaining up to 100% capacity after 50 cycles at 300 °C. Another interesting phenomenon is that the hydrogen storage speed of the sample is even faster without capacity decrease as the dehydrogenation/re-hydrogenation cycle proceeds. First-principles calculations show that the Mg atoms are stabilized at the top sites of Mo atoms, and the Mg–H bonds that are adsorbed on Mo₂V₂C₃ are more susceptible to breakage. The key to the accelerated rate of Mg/MgH₂ hydrogenation/dehydrogenation is the enhancement of the interaction between Mg/MgH₂ and Mo₂V₂C₃ MXene with the increasing number of cycles, whereas the existence of the V renders the structure of MXene more stable. Our study refines the mechanistic understanding of bimetallic MXene catalyst for MgH₂ hydrogen storage and expands reference on the type and preparation of bimetallic MXene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 724-735"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oriented molecular modulation of SnO2 nanoparticles enabled bilateral passivation toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Menglin Duan ,&nbsp;Xin Mi ,&nbsp;Jianxing Xia ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Ruiyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Xingao Li ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Peng Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin oxide has emerged as a promising electron transport material in perovskite solar cells due to its high conductivity and photostability. However, the inherent defects in SnO₂ nanoparticles and their imperfect bonding with perovskite at the interface lead to additional energy loss. To achieve bifacial passivation on the SnO₂ electron transport layer and the SnO₂/perovskite interface synchronously, a multifunctional surface modulation strategy has been developed by incorporating O-phospho-L-serine monolithium salt (PS-Li) to regulate the SnO₂ nanoparticles. PS-Li coordinates with SnO₂ through the phosphate/carboxyl groups, with the exposed amino group passivating the uncoordinated lead ions at the interface. The introduction of a lithium ion further regulates the energy band of SnO₂, accelerating electron extraction and transport. This multifunctional modulation strategy reduces trap states from tin dangling bonds and oxygen vacancies, enhancing film conductivity. It also regulates the growth of the perovskite crystal and reduces nonradiative recombination at the interface. Consequently, the optimized perovskite solar cells achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.91% for small-area devices and 23.14% for mini-modules (aperture area of 30 cm²). The unencapsulated device retains 91% and 89% of its initial PCE after enduring 1000 h under ambient conditions, and 500 h under 1 sun illumination in N₂ atmosphere, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}