Journal of Energy Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the optimal molecular weight of polyacrylic acid binder for silicon nanoparticle anodes in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Zhengwei Wan ,&nbsp;Siying Li ,&nbsp;Weiting Tang ,&nbsp;Chengjun Dai ,&nbsp;Jingting Yang ,&nbsp;Zheng Lin ,&nbsp;Juncheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Min Ling ,&nbsp;Zhan Lin ,&nbsp;Zeheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-based binders have been demonstrated to significantly enhance the cycling stability of pure silicon (Si) anodes compared to other binder types. However, there is a notable lack of systematic and in-depth investigation into the relationship between the molecular weight (MW) of PAA and its performance in pure Si anodes, leading to an absence of reliable theoretical guidance for designing and optimizing of PAA-based binders for these anodes. Herein, we select a series of PAA with varying MWs as binders for Si nanoparticle (SiNP) anodes to systematically identify the optimal MW of PAA for enhancing the electrochemical performance of SiNP anodes. The actual MWs of the various PAA were confirmed by gel permeation chromatography to accurately establish the relationship between MW and binder performance. Within an ultrawide weight average molecular weight (<em>M</em>_w) range of 35.9–4850 kDa, we identify that the PAA binder with a <em>M</em>_w of 1250 kDa (PAA125) exhibits the strongest mechanical strength and the highest adhesion strength, attributed to its favorable molecular chain orientation and robust interchain interactions. These characteristics enable the SiNP anodes utilizing PAA125 to maintain the best interfacial chemistry and bulk mechanical structure stability, leading to optimal electrochemical performance. Notably, the enhancement in cycling stability of SiNP anode by PAA125 under practical application conditions is further validated by the 1.1 Ah LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂/SiNP@PAA125 pouch cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ solution Fe-doping: A versatile pathway to significantly enhance charge separation in CuBi2O4 photocathodes","authors":"Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Qitao Liu ,&nbsp;Haotian Wang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Akbar ,&nbsp;Zhihua Wu ,&nbsp;Jiabo Le ,&nbsp;Jianming Li ,&nbsp;Qinglu Liu ,&nbsp;Yongbo Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuBi₂O₄ (CBO) photocathodes hold significant promise for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to their favorable band gap and theoretical onset potential. However, their practical application is hindered by poor charge separation efficiency. Herein, we introduce a characteristic in-situ solution Fe-doping strategy that markedly improves photoelectrochemical performance of CBO, doubling the photocurrent density and achieving an unprecedented 190 mV anodic shift in the onset potential. By integrating with an electrochemical oxidation post-treatment, a record incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) exceeding 40% at 0.6 V vs. RHE under visible light illumination is achieved. The versatility of the doping strategy is demonstrated across CBO photocathodes synthesized by different methods with various morphologies, grain sizes, and crystallinities. Mechanistic studies reveal that the gradient distribution of Fe³⁺ ions generates an internal electric field that facilitates efficient charge separation and increases acceptor density. The strong Fe–O bonding also enhances structural stability against photo-induced corrosion. Notably, our investigation uncovers the non-temperature-dependent nature of CBO photocurrent, indicating that PEC performance enhancement primarily depends on reducing carrier recombination rather than improving bulk conductivity. This work lays the groundwork for future advancements in water splitting performance of CBO photocathodes, offering a complementary strategy to conventional methods for enhancing charge separation efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable carbon-patterned layer enhances low-temperature performance of large-format lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jaejin Lim ,&nbsp;Siyoung Park ,&nbsp;Hyobin Lee ,&nbsp;Seungyeop Choi ,&nbsp;Gwonsik Nam ,&nbsp;Kyung-Geun Kim ,&nbsp;Jaecheol Choi ,&nbsp;Young-Gi Lee ,&nbsp;Yong Min Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With electric vehicles (EVs) emerging as a primary mode of transportation, ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures, limiting their operation in cold climates. In addition, difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance, even at low temperatures. To address this issue, we prepared a thin, resistive, and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector. This carbon-patterned layer (CPL) serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature, thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature. Furthermore, we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations, with the results confirming 11% capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and −24℃. We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates, thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring anion-dominant solvation environment by steric-hindrance effect and competitive coordination for fast charging and stable cycling lithium metal batteries","authors":"Ruizhe Xu ,&nbsp;Anjun Hu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Jingze Chen ,&nbsp;Wang Xu ,&nbsp;Gang Wu ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Jianping Long","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The properties of electrolytes are critical for fast-charging and stable-cycling applications in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the slow kinetics of Li⁺ transport and desolvation in commercial carbonate electrolytes, coupled with the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEI), exacerbate the degradation of LMB performance at high current densities. Herein, we propose a versatile electrolyte design strategy that incorporates cyclohexyl methyl ether (CME) as a co-solvent to reshape the Li⁺ solvation environment by the steric-hindrance effect of bulky molecules and their competitive coordination with other solvent molecules. Simulation calculations and spectral analysis demonstrate that the addition of CME molecules reduces the involvement of other solvent molecules in the Li⁺ solvation sheath and promotes the formation of Li⁺–PF₆<strong>⁻</strong> coordination, thereby accelerating Li⁺ transport kinetics. Additionally, this electrolyte composition improves Li⁺ desolvation kinetics and fosters the formation of inorganic-rich SEI, ensuring cycle stability under fast charging. Consequently, the Li||LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ battery with the modified electrolyte retains 82% of its initial capacity after 463 cycles at 1 C. Even under the extreme fast-charging condition of 5 C, the battery can maintain 80% capacity retention after 173 cycles. This work provides a promising approach for the development of high-performance LMBs by modulating solvation environment of electrolytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-site parallel binding ligands for enhanced perovskite solar cell efficiency","authors":"Zhiqian Yang ,&nbsp;Yingke Ren ,&nbsp;Li’e Mo ,&nbsp;Mengting Han ,&nbsp;Aiqing Sun ,&nbsp;Zhaoqian Li ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Ding ,&nbsp;Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Linhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising in the field of photovoltaics but are hindered by surface defects and stability. However, the energetic losses occurring at the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge transport layers often lead to reduced power conversion efficiency (PCE). Surface treatment is an effective strategy but the passivating ligands usually bind with a single active site. The resulted dense packing of resistive passivators perpendicular to the surface is detrimental to charge transport. Here, we present a passivator that can bind to two neighboring lead (Ⅱ) ion (Pb²⁺) defect sites simultaneously with an aligned parallel mode to the perovskite surface, effectively suppressing the surface trap density and preventing the aggregation. The target device fulfills a PCE of 25.1% and maintains over 85% of the initial efficiency after 800 h of exposure to a relative humidity (RH) of 65% ± 5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering Fe3GeTe2 as an innovative ternary germanium telluride for robust and high-rate sodium/potassium-ion battery anode","authors":"Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Liu ,&nbsp;Han Xu ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Li ,&nbsp;Haoxin Peng ,&nbsp;Zipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Tan ,&nbsp;Xin Du ,&nbsp;Dan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distinguishing feature of Fe₃GeTe₂ lies in its robust in-plane chemical bonds within layers, which are interconnected by the weak van der Waals forces between adjacent layers, offering a stable framework characterized by enhanced interlayer spacing, thereby facilitating the migration of large-sized alkali metal ions. However, to date, there have been no reported studies on the ion storage performance of Fe₃GeTe₂. In this study, Fe₃GeTe₂ is synthesized via the chemical vapor transport method to assess its sodium/potassium storage capabilities. Fe₃GeTe₂ is characterized by its impressive conductivity, a distinctive layered architecture, and a notably wide interlayer spacing, all of these attributes collectively contributing to its superior ion storage proficiency in both sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Specifically, it demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, maintaining a capacity of 291.8 mA h g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹ in SIBs and 125.0 mA h g⁻¹ over 6000 cycles at 3 A g⁻¹ in PIBs. A series of in/ex situ characterizations uncover the reaction mechanism of Fe₃GeTe₂ in the both systems, involving a combined process of intercalation, conversion, and alloying. Theoretical calculations provide further insights into the high ion adsorption affinity and diffusion kinetics of Fe₃GeTe₂ in these systems. Analytical findings reveal its superior electrochemical performance in SIBs compared to PIBs, owing to higher diffusion kinetics and reactivity. This research establishes both experimental evidence and theoretical underpinnings for the utilization of Fe₃GeTe₂ in SIBs and PIBs, opening up a new avenue for the utilization of germanium-based ternary materials in the field of energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multifunctional separator decorated by anionic metal–organic framework toward ultrastable zinc anodes","authors":"Ruotong Li ,&nbsp;Bin Yan ,&nbsp;Zutian Chen ,&nbsp;Zhangxing He ,&nbsp;Juan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have excellent development prospects due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, the commercial separator represented by glass fiber (GF) in AZIBs usually exhibits uneven porosity, poor zincophilicity, and insufficient functional groups, resulting in the emergence of the zinc anode dendrites and side reactions. Designing a separator with specific interfacial ion transport behavior is essential to achieve a highly stable reversible zinc anode. Herein, an anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) functionalized separator (GF-Bio-MOF-100) was presented to accelerate the desolvation process and modulate Zn²⁺ flux, thereby delivering the decreased nucleation overpotential and uniform Zn²⁺ deposition. The in-depth kinetics investigations combined with the in-situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrate that the carbonyl group within the Bio-MOF-100 is capable of capturing the H₂O molecules of [Zn(H₂O)₆]²⁺ via the H-bond interaction, which further accelerates the desolvation process and transport kinetics of Zn²⁺. Meanwhile, the anionic framework of the GF-Bio-MOF-100 separator acts as an interfacial ion channel to regulate the Zn²⁺ flux and enables dendrite-free Zn²⁺ deposition and growth. Consequently, the Zn|GF-Bio-MOF-100|Zn symmetric cell exhibited a stable Zn²⁺ plating/stripping behavior and it could cycle for 2000 h at 0.3 mA cm⁻². Additionally, the assembled Zn|GF-Bio-MOF-100|MnO₂ full cell delivers a capacity retention of 83.9% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹. This work provides new insights into the design of functionalized separators for long-life AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 860-868"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistically dissipating the local strain and restraining lattice oxygen escape by fine-tuning of microstructure enabling Ni-rich cathodes with superior cyclabilities","authors":"Fengxia Fan,&nbsp;Ruixin Zheng,&nbsp;Chenrui Zeng,&nbsp;Haoyang Xu,&nbsp;Xinxiang Wang,&nbsp;Guilei Tian,&nbsp;Shuhan Wang,&nbsp;Chuan Wang,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu,&nbsp;Chaozhu Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiNi<em>_x</em>Co<em>_y</em>Mn<em>_z</em>O₂ (NCM, <em>x</em> ≥ 0.8, <em>x</em>  + <em>y</em> + <em>z</em> = 1) cathodes have attracted much attention due to their high specific capacity and low cost. However, severe anisotropic volume changes and oxygen evolution induced capacity decay and insecurity have hindered their commercial application at scale. In order to overcome these challenges, a kind of tantalum (Ta) doped nickel-rich cathode with reduced size and significantly increased number of primary particles is prepared by combining mechanical fusion with high temperature co-calcination. The elaborately designed micro-morphology of small and uniform primary particles effectively eliminates the local strain accumulation caused by the random orientation of primary particles. Moreover, the uniform distribution of small primary particles stabilizes the spherical secondary particles, thus effectively inhibiting the formation and extension of microcracks. In addition, the formed strong Ta–O bonds restrain the release of lattice oxygen, which greatly increases the structural stability and safety of NCM materials. Therefore, the cathode material with the designed primary particle morphology shows superior electrochemical performance. The 1 mol% Ta-modified cathode (defined as 1% Ta-NCM) shows a capacity retention of 97.5% after 200 cycles at 1 C and a rate performance of 137.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. This work presents promising approach to improve the structural stability and safety of nickel-rich NCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of hard carbon with abundant closed ultra-micropores via a pre-oxidation strategy for high-efficiency sodium storage in the low potential plateau","authors":"Wenbo Hou ,&nbsp;Lili Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yiming Hu ,&nbsp;Wenxing Miao ,&nbsp;Bo Tao ,&nbsp;Kanjun Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Peng ,&nbsp;Guofu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rationally regulating the porosity of hard carbon (HC), especially the closed pores matching the low potential plateau and the ultra-microporous structure suitable for Na⁺ embedding, has been shown to be the key to improving the sodium storage performance and initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). However, the preparation of such HC materials with specific pore structures still faces great challenges. Herein, a simple pre-oxidation strategy is employed to construct abundant closed ultra-microporous structures in soy protein powder-derived HC material, achieving a significant improvement in its ICE and platform capacity. The pre-oxidation process promotes the cross-linking degree of the soy protein, thereby hindering the directional growth of graphite domains during the carbonization process. The optimized HC exhibits ultra-high platform capacity (329 mAh g⁻¹) and considerable energy density (148.5 Wh kg⁻¹). Based on the ex-situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization results, the excellent sodium storage capacity of the HC material is attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption-intercalation/filling. The presented work provides novel insights into the synthesis of other biomass-derived HC materials with abundant closed ultra-micropores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the electrolyte microenvironment of indium catalysts for enhanced formic acid electrosynthesis","authors":"Zifan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuanxiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Sun ,&nbsp;Yuchen Sun ,&nbsp;Xintao Ma ,&nbsp;Yunyun Dong ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Abdullah N. Alodhayb ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yi ,&nbsp;Wei Shi ,&nbsp;Zhou Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jechem.2025.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) to formic acid is considered an economically viable avenue toward carbon neutrality. Indium-based catalysts have garnered considerable attention in CO₂RR owing to their elevated hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential and eco-friendly characteristics. We have synthesized In₂O₃ nanofibers rich in oxygen vacancies using the electrospinning technique. The resultant 500-In₂O₃ exhibited superior performance in converting CO₂RR to HCOOH, achieving an impressive formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 92.1% at a current density of −600 mA cm⁻². Moreover, it demonstrated remarkable stability, maintaining its performance over 100 h at a current density of −300 mA cm⁻² under a neutral electrolyte. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in conjunction with spectroscopic characterizations, have revealed that a Cl-modified In catalyst exhibits a lowered energy barrier for the formation of *HCOOH, while simultaneously inhibiting the generation of *H, in contrast to its pristine In counterpart. Ultimately, we successfully engineered a dual-electrode system capable of simultaneously producing formate at both the cathode and the anode. At a current density of −100 mA cm⁻², our system achieves a reduction in energy consumption by 12.5% and a significant enhancement in electrical energy conversion efficiency by 39.9%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Chemistry","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}