Multifunctional additives for the enhanced performance of the doctor-blading printed perovskite solar modules

The utilization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has significantly elevated the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inherent hydrophobicity of these SAMs poses challenges in the subsequent printing of perovskite films in PSC upscaling. In this work, we incorporated a multifunctional additive, dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride (DMSCl₂), into the perovskite precursor to enhance the quality of the blade-coated perovskite film on the SAM interlayer. Characterizations revealed that the function groups of the imino (N–H) and methoxy (CH₃O–) DMSCl₂ facilitate both bonding between perovskite precursor and SAM molecule (Me-4PACz), which facilitates the large-area printing of perovskite film. These interactions also provide effective passivation within the perovskite films and interface defects of PSCs. As a result, a significantly enhanced PCE from 16.62% to 20.37% was obtained for the printed perovskite solar module (93.10 cm²) and 25.27% for the small device (0.09 cm²). Remarkable stability was achieved with 93.3% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous maximum power point (MPP) tracking. This report suggests that multifunctional additive doping provides a convenient route for the upscaling of perovskite solar cells with SAM interlayers.