Tianxiao Sun , Shengnan Zuo , Bo He , Xinye Yuan , Guixiang Li , Jigang Zhou , Markus Weigand , Antonio Abate , Jian Wang
{"title":"Ionic liquid functionalized tin halide perovskite investigated by STXM and spectro-ptychography","authors":"Tianxiao Sun , Shengnan Zuo , Bo He , Xinye Yuan , Guixiang Li , Jigang Zhou , Markus Weigand , Antonio Abate , Jian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The structural and compositional properties of tin halide </span>perovskites (CH(NH</span><sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>3</sub>, FASnI<sub>3</sub><span>) with and without an ionic liquid<span> of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl) imide (EMITFSI) were investigated using the scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) and spectro-ptychography techniques at the Sn M</span></span><sub>5,4</sub>-edge, I M<sub>5,4</sub><span>-edge, O K-edge, C K-edge, and N K-edge. The study offers a comprehensive interpretation of the spectral characteristics of main components (C, N, Sn, and I) in Sn-based perovskites through STXM-based techniques and further reveals differences between the perovskite samples with and without adding EMITFSI ionic liquid. The chemical imaging<span> of Sn and I shows that the perovskite sample without ionic liquid has Sn-rich regions in iodine cavities, while the ionic liquid-treated sample exhibits a more homogeneous perovskite phase. Furthermore, the C and N K-edge XANES resonance features support the interaction between the non-volatile ionic liquid and FA</span></span><sup>+</sup>, thus playing a protective role in the formation and stabilization of perovskite phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 147330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48977382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mailhiot , Y. Hikosaka , K. Jänkälä , A. Kivimäki , C. Küstner-Wetekam , J. Palaudoux , E. Pelimanni , F. Penent , C. Zindel , M. Patanen , P. Lablanquie , M. Huttula , A. Hans
{"title":"Search for the interatomic Auger effect in Nitrous Oxide","authors":"M. Mailhiot , Y. Hikosaka , K. Jänkälä , A. Kivimäki , C. Küstner-Wetekam , J. Palaudoux , E. Pelimanni , F. Penent , C. Zindel , M. Patanen , P. Lablanquie , M. Huttula , A. Hans","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interatomic Auger effect following O 1s ionization in N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O has been experimentally investigated using multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy. The expected transition energies have been established by comparison to the measured N 1s<sup>−1</sup>v<sup>−1</sup> core-valence double ionization energies. We describe a procedure to eliminate the background of two competing processes contributing spectroscopic signatures to the same energy range, namely double Auger decay of the O 1s vacancy and direct single-photon double ionization into the N 1s<sup>−1</sup>v<sup>−1</sup> states. While the interatomic Auger transitions could not be successfully isolated, we provide an upper boundary of the transition probability of 0.07% with respect to the dominant single Auger decay after O 1s ionization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 147333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41783175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Amati , Toma Susi , P. Jovičević-Klug , M. Jovičević-Klug , Tomasz Kosmala , Gaetano Granozzi , Stefano Agnoli , Pengfei Yang , Yanfeng Zhang , Mattia Scardamaglia , L. Gregoratti
{"title":"Scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy: From static to operando studies of functional materials","authors":"M. Amati , Toma Susi , P. Jovičević-Klug , M. Jovičević-Klug , Tomasz Kosmala , Gaetano Granozzi , Stefano Agnoli , Pengfei Yang , Yanfeng Zhang , Mattia Scardamaglia , L. Gregoratti","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The scanning photoelectron microscope (SPEM), developed more than 30 years ago, has undergone numerous technical developments, providing an incredibly vast kind of feasible sample environments, which span from the traditional high spatial resolution core level based chemical analysis to <em>insitu</em> and <em>operando</em> complex experiments, including also electrochemical setups and operational electronic devices at various temperatures. Another important step ahead is overcoming the so-called pressure gap for <em>operando</em> studies, recently extended to near ambient values by building special environmental cells. Using recent results of conventional and unconventional experiments, obtained with SPEM at the ESCA Microscopy beamline at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste the present review demonstrates the current potential of this type of photoelectron spectromicroscopy to explore the interfacial properties of functional materials with high spatial resolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 147336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. O. M. Mariano, Julia Bella Rodriguez, R. Clemente, T. Ohigashi, H. Yuzawa, W. Hsu, J. Shiue, C. Chuang
{"title":"Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts on reduction graphene oxide membranes","authors":"C. O. M. Mariano, Julia Bella Rodriguez, R. Clemente, T. Ohigashi, H. Yuzawa, W. Hsu, J. Shiue, C. Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54203317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl Osby M. Mariano , Jan Sebastian Dominic Rodriguez , Russell Hizon Clemente , Takuji Ohigashi , Hayato Yuzawa , Wei-Hao Hsu , Jessie Shiue , Cheng-Hao Chuang
{"title":"Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts on reduction graphene oxide membranes","authors":"Carl Osby M. Mariano , Jan Sebastian Dominic Rodriguez , Russell Hizon Clemente , Takuji Ohigashi , Hayato Yuzawa , Wei-Hao Hsu , Jessie Shiue , Cheng-Hao Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cobalt is one of the promising metal catalysts<span><span> for hydrogen evolution reaction, and its catalytic performance can be further improved by supporting on </span>graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide as an active interface to the substrate. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) identifies the position-dependent functional groups on the membranes and chemical structure evolution of the Co</span></span><sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub><span>. The in-situ mass spectrometer analysis shows the reduction current and H</span><sub>2</sub><span> generation of the electrocatalyst enhanced by the addition of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide to Co</span><sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>, as compared to the Co<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> on the bare substrate. The best hydrogen evolution reaction performance of Co<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> at − 2.5 V is correlated with the high Co<sup>3+</sup> concentration existed on the reduced graphene oxide, as evidenced by the nano- and element-resolved capability of STXM. With the economical electro-reduction synthesis, this study provides brand-new insights into the critical role of substrate rGO and electrocatalyst Co<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> toward the design of high efficiency electrocatalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 147332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49867367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electronic and optical properties of SWCNTs and spin-orbit coupling effect on their electronic structures: First-principle computing","authors":"Abdelhafid Najim , Omar Bajjou , Anass Bakour , Khalid Rahmani","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this research, electronic and optical properties of armchair (7,7), zigzag (7,0), and chiral (4,2) configurations of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) and the effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on their electronic structures were studied with </span>density functional theory<span><span> (DFT) computing. The armchair, zigzag, and chiral SWCNT structures were built using the CASTEP software. Then, this code was used to calculate the band structures<span><span>, density of states<span> and optical properties of these systems. Electronic and optical properties of SWCNT material could be influenced by its configuration, such as the bandgap energy, total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS), absorption coefficient, </span></span>dielectric function<span>, optical conductivity, complex </span></span></span>refractive index<span>, and the loss function. In the absence or presence of SOC effect, armchair, zigzag and chiral nanotubes are semiconductors. SOC causes the bandgap energy to increase and the TDOS of \"armchair, zigzag, and chiral SWCNTs\" to alter. These results provide crucial physical information regarding the control of the electronic properties of SWCNTs using SOC.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 147321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy: A nanotool to probe hematite nanorods for solar water splitting","authors":"Stefan Stanescu , Dana Stanescu , Adam Hitchcock","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We report a scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) study of hematite </span>nanorods<span>, prototypical photoanode used in solar water splitting. Hematite nanorods were obtained by hydrothermal growth from aqueous solutions using FeCl</span></span><sub>3</sub><span> as precursor. Potentials for onset of water splitting are smaller using this synthesis method, compared to values reported for hematite photoanodes obtained by epitaxial growth. STXM revealed the presence of a hexahydrate iron chloride phase at the surface of the nanorods, which is linked to the low onset potential values. We detail the quantification approach that revealed the specific microstructure of individual hematite nanorods.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 147334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42631432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SPADExp: A photoemission angular distribution simulator directly linked to first-principles calculations","authors":"Hiroaki Tanaka , Kenta Kuroda , Tomohiro Matsushita","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We develop a software package SPADExp (simulator of photoemission<span> angular distribution for experiments) to calculate the photoemission angular distribution (PAD), which is the momentum dependence of spectrum intensity in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The software can directly load the output of the first-principles software package OpenMX, so users do not need to construct tight-binding models as previous studies did for PAD calculations. As a result, we can calculate the PADs of large systems such as quasicrystals<span> and slab systems. We calculate the PADs of sublattice systems (graphene and graphite) to reproduce characteristic intensity distributions, which ARPES has experimentally observed. After that, we investigate twisted bilayer graphene, a quasicrystal showing 12-fold rotational symmetric spectra in ARPES, and the surface states of the topological insulator </span></span></span><span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Bi</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>Se</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. Our calculations show good agreement with previous ARPES measurements, showing the correctness of our calculation software and further potential to investigate the photoemission spectra of novel quantum materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 147297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in studies of self-assembled monomolecular films","authors":"Michael Zharnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This article reviews the application of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to characterization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) which are an important part of modern nanotechnology, being particular useful in context of surface and interface engineering. NEXAFS spectroscopy provides information about the electronic structure of the SAMs, which allows to recognize specific functional groups and building blocks of the SAM-forming molecules. Due to the linear dichroism effects in X-ray absorption, this technique is also capable to give insight into </span>orientational order and </span>molecular orientation in the SAMs, both overall and building-block-specific. To illustrate the above points, a variety of representative examples for different classes of SAMs is provided, accompanied by the information about the general aspects of the technique and the description of suitable data evaluation procedures. Finally, it is shown that the application of NEXAFS spectroscopy to SAMs is not only limited by their characterization but is also useful to monitor chemical and physical processes involving these systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 147322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45209929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumihiko Matsui, H. Ota, R. Eguchi, H. Goto, K. Kobayashi, Jun Akimitsu, H. Ozaki, Takumi Nishioka, K. Kimura, K. Hayashi, T. Shimano, N. Happo, Y. Kubozono
{"title":"Multiple-site Ag doping in Bi2Se","authors":"Fumihiko Matsui, H. Ota, R. Eguchi, H. Goto, K. Kobayashi, Jun Akimitsu, H. Ozaki, Takumi Nishioka, K. Kimura, K. Hayashi, T. Shimano, N. Happo, Y. Kubozono","doi":"10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2023.147295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41774900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}