Journal of Dietary Supplements最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the Definition of 'Healthy' Participants in Substantiation of Structure/Function Claims for Dietary Supplements.","authors":"Malkanthi Evans, Erin D Lewis, Joseph M Antony, David C Crowley, Andrew Charrette, Najla Guthrie, Jeffrey B Blumberg, Gregor Reid","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2301383","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2023.2301383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concepts and definitions of 'healthy' have been evolving within clinical treatment algorithms as well as reference standards such as Body Mass Index and Dietary Reference Intakes. Consumers' perception of the word 'healthy' is also changing to reflect longer life span, need to stay active and in a good state of mental well-being while managing multiple diseases. Guidelines from the US Food and Drug Administration indicate that substantiating evidence for support of Structure/Function (S/F) claims for dietary supplements is best derived from clinical research conducted in a 'healthy' population. S/F claims cannot be represented to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. However, in this context, the term 'healthy' is non-descriptive and largely interpreted as an absence of disease. Guidelines for treatment of disease have been broadened to include biomarkers of disease risk such that the pool of 'healthy' volunteers eligible to be enrolled in clinical trials for S/F claim substantiation is greatly diminished. This perspective presents the challenges faced by the food and dietary supplement industry and by researcher efforts designed to substantiate S/F claims and suggest the phrase 'physiologically stable' or 'apparently healthy' as descriptions better suited to replace the term 'healthy.'</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"41-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Probiotic Ingredient Safety Supporting Monograph Development Conducted by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).","authors":"Marie-Eve Boyte, Nadeem Akhtar, Binu Koshy, Amy L Roe","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2314488","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2314488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is an independent, nonprofit science-based organization whose mission is to improve global health through public standards and related products for medicines, food and dietary supplements. Probiotic-based dietary supplements are increasingly popular in the marketplace and USP has developed fourteen monographs specific to probiotic ingredients, including representatives from the Genera <i>Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium</i>. These monographs include the definition of the article, tests for identification, quantification assays (enumeration in the case of probiotics), limits for contaminants, and other quality parameters when appropriate. In addition to quality, the USP also considers the safety of probiotics for monograph development. This report includes an overview of the USP admission evaluation process for probiotics as well as a tabular summary of the probiotic monographs currently available. Pharmacopeia monographs can guide manufacturers and brand owners and protect consumers through establishment of quality standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"123-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoprophylactic Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Female Reproductive Cancers - A Review.","authors":"Shuzhuan Xiao, Huijie Jia, Yanglong Guo, XianFeng Ding, Aiwen Zheng","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2518409","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2518409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most bioactive polyphenol in green tea, exhibits chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers through multi-target mechanisms. This review integrates experimental and epidemiological evidence to reveal EGCG's dual roles as an antioxidant and pro-oxidant, its epigenetic modulation <i>via</i> DNMT/HDAC inhibition, and its suppression of key oncogenic pathways (e.g. PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, HPV E6/E7). Experimental studies demonstrate EGCG's dose-dependent suppression of cancer cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i> and tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>, particularly through reactivation of PTEN/AKT signaling. Notably, EGCG synergizes with chemotherapeutic agents by overcoming cisplatin resistance and enhancing PARP inhibitor efficacy. Epidemiological analyses further associate green tea consumption with reduced risks of endometrial cancer. Despite its potential, EGCG's clinical application is hindered by poor bioavailability and metabolic instability. We highlight innovative strategies such as nanoparticle-based delivery systems and combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors to address these limitations. This work positions dietary EGCG as a promising, low-cost adjuvant for female reproductive cancer prevention, advocating for translational research to bridge mechanistic insights and clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"487-510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Pep-12 Improves Hippocampal Cognitive Function and Increases Neuroplasticity and Neurogenesis Markers.","authors":"Birgit Kastberger, Anupam Sah, Simone B Sartori, Nicolas Singewald, Zita Liutkevičiūtė, Angela Risch, Jutta Horejs-Höck, Winfried Neuhaus, Julia Schartner, Lisa-Franziska Seidl, Stefan Winter","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2499078","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2499078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the effects of N‑PEP‑12, a neuroprotective dietary supplement, on cognitive function, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis in aged 129S1/SvImJ (S1) mice, which are known for age‑associated cognitive impairments. The primary objective was to determine whether N‑PEP‑12 could improve memory retention and enhance neural health by modulating hippocampal plasticity and neurogenesis. S1 mice were chronically treated with N‑PEP‑12 or a Vehicle to assess its impact on cognitive performance using cued fear conditioning (CFC) and object location memory (OLM) tests. Additionally, in vitro studies examined the effects of N‑PEP‑12 on neuroplasticity markers such as Neurofilament Light Chain (NF‑L) expression and vasopressin (AVP) promoter methylation, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancements. N‑PEP‑12 treatment significantly improved associative and contextual memory in the CFC and OLM tests respectively. In vitro assays revealed that N‑PEP‑12 increased NF‑L expression and decreased AVP promoter methylation, indicating enhanced neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Furthermore, N‑PEP‑12 preserved blood‑brain barrier integrity under oxidative stress conditions, suggesting a protective role against vascular‑related cognitive decline. The findings suggest that N‑PEP‑12 promotes hippocampal health by enhancing neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, potentially mitigating age‑related cognitive decline. These results highlight N‑PEP‑12 as a promising agent for supporting healthy cognitive function in aging populations through the modulation of neurobiological pathways associated with learning and memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"525-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Supplements Marketed Worldwide: A Comparative Analysis Between the European and the U.S. Regulatory Frameworks.","authors":"Andrea Zovi, Antonio Vitiello, Michela Sabbatucci, Umberto Maria Musazzi, Gianni Sagratini, Carlo Cifani, Sauro Vittori","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2389397","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2389397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, a new health paradigm emerged which increasingly places diet and nutrition at the center of citizens' healthcare. The resulting evolution of the food market has prompted country governments to adapt their regulatory frameworks to ensure product safety and preserve the health of citizens. Dietary supplements (DS) are products which are increasingly occupying a significant market share in Western countries, contributing to meeting the nutritional and physiological needs of a large portion of the global population. Food supplements must be safe for use by the final consumer who has access to the global market, but currently they are framed by a different legislation worldwide. This search aimed of comparing the legislative frameworks currently in force in the European Union (EU) and in the United States (USA), the two main markets in which DS are purchased, to focus on the strengths, similarities and possible shortcomings, against the backdrop of a global market which often transcends the regulatory barriers of individual countries. Both in the EU and the USA, food supplements are governed by specific regulations to ensure their safety and quality. However, the regulatory approaches differ sharply in some cases. It is expected that more and more operators will launch new DS in Western markets. As a result, it is crucial for competent authorities in food safety to deepen and develop additional regulatory tools aimed to control and safeguard the DS market.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"25-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Folic Acid: A Review.","authors":"Bidemi Emmanuel Ekundayo, Olusola Bolaji Adewale, Tajudeen Olabisi Obafemi","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2436842","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2436842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Folic acid also known as folate and vitamin B9 is of the class of B complex vitamins. It is crucial for homeostatic function of the biological system and is not endogenously produced. It is medically approved for the treatment of megaloblastic anemia. Neurological conditions describe a class of disease conditions that affect the brain, spinal cord and nerves impacting several important functions such as cognition, movement, emotion and sensation. They can arise from a number of causes which may include one or more of genetic factors, infections, injuries, toxins and degenerative process. Homocysteine, a neurotoxic amino acid converted by folic acid has been identified in the pathology of many neurological conditions while folic acid on the other hand has been investigated multiple times for its neuroprotective function and mechanism. Folic acid is involved in the neutralization of homocysteine to its nontoxic form. This article highlights some of the reports of the neuroprotective effect of folic acid against homocysteine toxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric conditions, fetal and neonatal neuronal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"345-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin Supplementation as a Preventive Strategy Against Tamoxifen-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in ER+ Breast Cancer Patients: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Simin Hemati, Fatemeh Mehrabinejad, Mohammadreza Elhaie, Nadia Najafizade","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2465412","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2465412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tamoxifen, a common treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)‑positive breast cancer, is associated with an increased risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Curcumin, a compound in turmeric, has shown potential in mitigating liver disease progression. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcumin in preventing NAFLD in breast cancer patients initiating tamoxifen therapy.In this 6‑month triple‑blind, randomized placebo‑controlled trial, 44 ER+ breast cancer patients scheduled to receive tamoxifen were assigned to receive either curcumin (500 mg daily) or a placebo. NAFLD grade was assessed via ultrasound at baseline and after 6 months. Laboratory values and demographic data were collected, and adverse effects were monitored. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS version 16.Data of a total of 44 participants (22 participants in each group, mean age: 47.1 ± 6.0 years) were analyses. There were no significant differences between the placebo and curcumin groups regarding the demographic and baseline laboratory values. At study completion, significantly fewer patients in the curcumin group showed an increased NAFLD grade compared to the placebo group (13.6% vs. 54.5%; p = 0.03). Additionally, the prevalence of NAFLD grade ≥ 2 was lower in the curcumin group (13.6% vs. 40.9%; p = 0.04). No adverse effects related to curcumin were reported. Curcumin supplementation demonstrated a protective effect against tamoxifen‑induced NAFLD in ER+ breast cancer patients, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic adjunct to tamoxifen therapy. Larger multi‑centric trials are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"274-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boswellic Acids Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Moderate COVID-19 Through Modulation of NF-κB Pathway.","authors":"Sepideh Barzin Tond, Sara Abolghasemi, Seyyed Hossein Khatami, Sajad Ehtiati, Tayebe Zarei, Somayyeh Shateri, Somayeh Mahmoodi Baram, Sahar Yarahmadi, Soudabeh Fallah, Farzaneh Salmani, Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi, Nasim Khajavirad, Abbas Tafakhori, Ali Riazi, Saeed Karima","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2468484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2468484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention and/or management of the dysregulated immune response in patients with COVID-19 is expected to help in the treatment of COVID-19. Boswellic acids (BAs) have great therapeutic potential because they have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of a BA formulation, Inflawell syrup, which was previously shown to be effective in reducing disease symptoms in patients who suffer from mild to moderate COVID-19. Patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 were treated with either Inflawell containing boswellic acids or a placebo for 14 days. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1α, IL-17, IL-1Ra, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), were measured both at study onset and on day 14 after treatment started. In addition, to further investigate the signaling pathway(s) underlying the changes in cytokine levels, we evaluated the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 mRNAs and phospho-inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB) and IκB proteins. In our study, a significant decrease in the serum levels of IL-1α (<i>p</i> < .009), IL-8 (<i>p</i> < .04), TNF-α (<i>p</i> < .0001), and MCP-1 (<i>p</i> < .007) was detected in patients treated with Inflawell. Additionally, our data revealed a decrease in phospho-IκB protein levels (<i>p</i> < .02) and NF-κB p65 mRNA levels (<i>p</i> < .002), whereas the amount of IκB protein (<i>p</i> < .01) in the Inflawell group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group. Furthermore, despite the decreasing trend in the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the Inflawell group, there was no statistically significant difference compared with that in the placebo group. In general, treatment with Inflawell syrup led to a lower level of proinflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the activity of the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"365-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Subtle Iron Deficiency During Vitamin E Treatment For Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Maren C Podszun, Ahmad Samer Alawad, Shilpa Lingala, Nevitt Morris, Wen Chun A Huang, Yaron Rotman","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2465414","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2465414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin E is an effective treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) but associated with hemorrhagic complications when used for other indications. We aimed to determine the risk of developing iron deficiency during treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with vitamin E. Iron status was monitored prospectively in 20 people with MASLD treated with 200 - 800 IU/d vitamin E (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01792115). To gain mechanistic insights liver histology, hepatic gene expression, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal, haptoglobin genotype and plasma vitamin E levels were assessed. We found iron deficiency to occur in 11/20 subjects (55%) after a median 11 weeks (range 4-13) of vitamin E treatment, and anemia to occur in 6 of the 11 (30% of study population) after 23 weeks (16-36). Ferritin (84.5 ± 85.2 to 47.8 ± 54.9μg/L, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 86.2 ± 4.9 to 84.3±4.3fL, <i>p</i> = 0.003) significantly decreased, with a concomitant rise in red-cell distribution width (RDW, 13.4 ± 1.3 to 14.4 ± 1.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). A gastrointestinal bleeding source was found in 75% of subjects with complete work-up. Iron deficiency occurred in all diabetics vs. 47% of non-diabetics (<i>p</i> 0.007). Iron deficiency risk was not associated with cirrhosis, platelet count, prothrombin time, haptoglobin genotype, or plasma vitamin E level. Changes in hepatic gene expression and oxidative stress were suggestive of an extrahepatic effect. Iron deficiency resolved with appropriate care even with continued vitamin E treatment. We conclude that occult gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency were frequently observed during vitamin E treatment, possibly reflecting an effect on platelet function. Close monitoring is warranted during the first months of treatment, especially in diabetics and subjects with risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"284-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> Strains on Gastrointestinal Tract Function - A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ruma G Singh, Fumiki Aoki, Maria Rodriguez-Palmero Seuma, Meritxell Aguilo, Motohisa Washida, Jordi Espadaler-Mazo, Huda Al-Wahsh, David C Crowley, Najla Guthrie, Malkanthi Evans, Marc Moulin, Erin D Lewis","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2507610","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2507610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in older adults may be associated with gut microbiota activity or composition changes. <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> strains KABP031 and KABP032 have been shown to beneficially influence the frequency of bowel movements (BMs) and nutritional status in older adults. This study investigated the efficacy of this probiotic blend on defecation/stool consistency, GI symptoms, nutrient uptake, and mental well-being in older adults with occasional constipation. Subjects 50-85 years of age with infrequent BMs, straining during defecation and hard stool consistency, were randomized to either the Probiotic or Placebo group for 84 days. Changes in bowel function, GI symptoms, and stress were assessed by the daily bowel habits diary, Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Improvements in bowel movement frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.22-2.39) and stool consistency (<i>p</i> = 0.002; 95% CI: 0.32-1.30) with the Probiotic were significantly greater compared to Placebo after 42 days. There was also significant decrease in the percentage of weekly BMs with a Bristol Stool Scale score of ≤2 with Probiotic vs. Placebo (-28.6% vs. -3.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). A significantly lower proportion of participants in the Probiotic group reported moderate stress following 84 days of supplementation compared to the Placebo group (9.4% vs. 37.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.013). Further, within-group significant improvements in stool consistency and BM frequency from baseline at days 42 and 84 were observed with the Probiotic (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but not the Placebo. The findings suggest the probiotic blend alleviated constipation symptoms and improved the mental well-being in older adults with occasional constipation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number and website: </strong>NCT04147923; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04147923.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"549-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}