Journal of Dietary Supplements最新文献

{"title":"A Higher-Biotin Prenatal Multivitamin Formulation Improves Maternal and Cord Blood Biotin Biomarkers: A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Isabelle Hanson, Fulvia Draicchio, Mastaneh Sharafi, Adeline Grier-Welch, Arianne Vance, Nima Alamdari, Itamar D Futterman, Scott Chudnoff, Olga Malysheva, Marie A Caudill, Xinyin Jiang","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2727024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2727024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial primarily aimed to determine how supplementation of a prenatal multivitamin with biotin levels above the Adequate Intake (AI) affected biotin status in mother-fetus dyads. Additionally, the correlation between biotin status and stress markers was also explored. Eighty healthy pregnant women were recruited between gestational week 12 and 16. They received a prenatal multivitamin containing either 150 μg (intervention) or 30 μg (control) biotin for 24 wk. Sixty-two participants completed the study. Fasting blood samples were collected at week 0, 12, and 24 and cord blood was collected at delivery to measure biotin status biomarkers and stress-related hormones. At both week 12 and 24, the intervention group had significantly higher serum biotin concentrations than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Cord blood biotin concentrations were also higher in the intervention than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Maternal plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid-carnitine (3HIA-carnitine), a metabolite accumulated with marginal biotin insufficiency, were also more pronouncedly reduced in the intervention group (<i>p</i> = 0.035). Maternal stress hormone cortisol concentrations were lower (<i>p</i> = 0.04) in the intervention versus the control group and cortisol concentrations demonstrated a negative association with biotin concentrations in both maternal and cord blood (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone that suppresses chronic cortisol elevation, was positively associated with biotin concentrations in the cord blood (<i>β</i> = 0.013, <i>p</i> = 0.044). In conclusion, a higher-biotin prenatal multivitamin formulation with biotin content exceeding the AI led to increases in biotin biomarkers in the mother-fetus dyad. The higher concentrations of biotin status biomarkers were related to mitigation of stress indicators. Further research is needed to confirm the positive role of a higher biotin intake in improving maternal and fetal health. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05673070).</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycine Bioavailability and Sleep-Related Outcomes Following Oral Glycine and Collagen Supplementation-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Zhongqi Fan, John M Nelson, Taylor C Wallace","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2726197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2726197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid with plausible roles in sleep regulation through thermoregulatory and glycinergic/N-methyl-D-aspartate signaling pathways. Collagen is rich in glycine and thus, collagen-based supplements may represent a practical dietary source of glycine and could plausibly influence sleep-related outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to map the clinical literature on glycine bioavailability from dietary supplements and to evaluate whether available evidence supports glycine as a biologically plausible candidate mechanism underlying sleep-related effects of glycine- and collagen-containing supplements. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and PRISMA-ScR reporting standards, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through July 9, 2026. A total of 21 records comprising 22 unique trials met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 14 trials examined pharmacokinetic glycine availability from glycine-, collagen-, or other glycine-containing supplements, 3 investigated supplemental glycine and sleep-related outcomes, and 5 studies reported across 4 records evaluated collagen or collagen peptides and sleep-related, fatigue, or recovery-related outcomes. Across pharmacokinetic trials, glycine-containing supplement interventions generally increased circulating glycine concentrations, with some evidence of dose dependence. All 3 glycine sleep trials reported benefits on at least 1 sleep-related outcome. Among collagen peptide trials, 1 placebo-controlled trial reported fewer polysomnographic awakenings, 1 placebo-controlled trial reported lower fatigue scores, and active-comparator studies with alpha-lactalbumin did not show superiority of collagen peptides for sleep-related outcomes. Overall, current evidence supports biological plausibility for glycine as a candidate mechanism that may contribute to collagen-related sleep effects, but mediation has not been directly tested. Larger mechanistic trials with standardized sleep outcomes are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maca (<i>Lepidium Meyenii</i>) on Sexual Health and libido-A Review.","authors":"Richard J Bloomer","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2727026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2727026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) is a well-known and well-studied plant, native to Peru. Multiple health benefits have been suggested following maca use, with a particular focus on the scientific evidence in support of maca-derived products to aid libido, sexual health and well-being, and other related components of sexual health. <i>Objective:</i> To conduct a comprehensive review of literature specific to maca and the purported sexual health benefits. <i>Data Sources:</i> The primary data sources included PubMed and Google Scholar. <i>Results:</i> Maca appears to impart favorable health benefits without negatively altering hormone levels. For studies involving men only, there appears to be consistency across publications, with noted improvements in libido and associated measures. For studies involving a combination of men and women, there also appears to be a positive effect for maca on libido and measures of sexual health. For those studies involving women only, often postmenopausal, the findings are mixed in terms of improved sexual health outcomes. <i>Conclusions:</i> Maca-derived products are widely available as dietary supplements, and most human trials have used approximately 3 grams per day of maca powder or an equivalent preparation. While some data pertaining to maca are promising, additional research is needed to extend the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Supplementation for Sleep in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Adrian L Lopresti, Stephen J Smith, Peter D Drummond","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2719670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2719670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium supplementation is commonly used to support sleep, but evidence remains mixed. This review evaluated randomized controlled trials of oral magnesium administered as a stand-alone intervention for sleep-related outcomes in adults. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched from inception to 1 June 2026. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials evaluating magnesium as the only active intervention, or including a magnesium-only arm, and reporting at least one sleep-related outcome in adults. Trials involving nocturnal leg cramps, restless legs syndrome, or periodic limb movements were synthesized separately. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, and findings were synthesized narratively because of study heterogeneity. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included in the main synthesis on sleep, insomnia, or poor sleep, and three additional trials involving movement- or cramp-related sleep disturbance were analyzed separately. One separately analyzed restless legs syndrome trial enrolled participants aged 15-50 years because adult-only data were unavailable. Populations, magnesium formulations, elemental doses, treatment durations, outcome roles, and measures varied substantially. Findings were inconsistent across subjective outcomes, EEG, research-grade actigraphy, consumer wearable-derived estimates, and physiological markers. Certainty of evidence was low to very low. Current evidence does not support oral magnesium as a routine treatment for insomnia. It may provide modest benefits for selected subjective outcomes in some adults, but the findings are inconsistent, and the certainty of the evidence is low or very low. Further well-designed, adequately powered trials are required before routine recommendations can be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Dietary Supplementation with Pearl Oyster Shell-Derived Nacre Extract Improves Cognitive Performance and Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F Knock-In Mice.","authors":"Kanae Ohara, Heng Zhang, Hiroto Shibata, Yasushi Hasegawa","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2718077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2718077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease is characterized by cognitive decline, amyloid-β deposition, tau-related pathology, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Pearl oyster shell-derived nacre extract is used in dietary supplement-related applications, but evidence from animal models should be interpreted cautiously and its effects on Alzheimer's disease-like pathology remain incompletely defined. To evaluate whether long-term oral dietary supplementation with nacre extract is associated with changes in cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease-like pathological features in APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in mice. A controlled preclinical animal study was performed using male C57BL/6 wild-type mice and male APP^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} knock-in mice over a 6-month dietary supplementation period. Six mice were assigned to each group. APP knock-in mice received a standard diet with or without 0.5% (w/w) nacre extract, corresponding to an estimated intake of approximately 20 mg/mouse/day or approximately 600 mg/kg/day. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Brain pathology and molecular responses were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, qPCR, Western blotting, and oxidative stress-related assays. Nacre supplementation was associated with improved performance in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests, reduced amyloid-β deposition and Congo red-positive plaque burden, lower phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity, and fewer histologically degenerated hippocampal neurons. Exploratory RNA sequencing of non-microdissected brain tissue excluding the cerebellum (<i>n</i> = 3/group) identified 53 genes meeting the criteria of an absolute fold change ≥ 1.5 and a valid non-zero FDR-adjusted <i>p</i> value < 0.05. A2M showed a 1.51-fold increase (FDR-adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.00091), and increased A2M abundance was confirmed at the protein level. Iba1 and GFAP immunoreactivity was reduced, and oxidative stress-related parameters were altered in the nacre-supplemented group. Long-term nacre supplementation was associated with improvements in behavioral performance and attenuation of several Alzheimer's disease-like pathological features in male APP knock-in mice. These findings represent an exploratory preclinical signal and do not establish a causal mechanism, dose-response relationship, comprehensive safety profile, or efficacy as a dietary supplement in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astaxanthin Supplementation Lowers Respiratory Exchange Ratio During Submaximal Cycling in Females: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.","authors":"Gaven A Barker, Jenna N Starkey, Eric K O'Neal, Hunter S Waldman","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2705844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2705844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astaxanthin (AX) is a lipid-soluble carotenoid that has produced mixed results in increasing fat oxidation during submaximal exercise in male cohorts. Females exhibit a higher reliance on fat oxidation, potentially making them a demographic more likely to benefit from AX supplementation. Following an initial VO_2max test to determine maximum power (W_max), twenty recreationally active females (age: 22 ± 2 y) participated in a two-arm double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design study with a 2-week supplementation period of either AX (12 mg·day^-1) or placebo (PLA) separated by a 2-week washout period. Participants cycled continuously for 30 min for six, 5-min stages with data collected over the last minute of each stage. The initial and final stages were 40 and 65% of W_max, respectively with 5% increment increases between stages. There were no differences between AX or PLA for heart rate, blood lactate, or rate of perceived exertion at any intensity (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). For RER, there was no significant supplement × intensity interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.14), but a significant main effect was observed for both intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and supplement (<i>p</i> = 0.04), with overall RER being significantly lower during the cycling bout following AX supplementation compared to PLA. Two weeks of AX supplementation lowered RER values in an active female cohort, indicating a shift toward a greater reliance on lipid-dominant substrate preference at specific submaximal intensities. The lack of change in cardiovascular or perceptual markers suggests that these shifts in RER occur independently of systemic physiological or psychological stress, though the exact underlying cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Plant Sterols on Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Statin-Treated Hypercholesterolemic Individuals: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Diego Miedes, Dario Mercatante, Sonia Broseta, Antonio Cilla, Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada, Amparo Alegría","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2695120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2026.2695120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have been linked to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. COPs levels in hypercholesterolemic individuals are up to 50% higher than in healthy people. Although statins lower cholesterol synthesis, research demonstrates that they do not prevent an increase in COPs levels and the damage on endothelial cells. We hypothesized that plant sterols (PS) could reduce COPs concentrations, potentially offering a synergistic effect with statin treatment. This randomized, double-blind, parallel clinical trial investigates the effects of a PS-food supplement (2 g PS/d) on plasma COPs levels in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic individuals (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05901246). Twenty-six volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups and given either a PS supplement or a placebo for six weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after the treatment, and plasma was isolated. After sterol extraction and purification, COPs and cholesterol levels were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. There were no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in plasma cholesterol (2276 ± 480 in control and 2169 ± 735 μg/mL in PS-treated subjects), total (1.12 ± 0.26 in control and 1.47 ± 0.48 μg/mL in PS-treated subjects) and single (α-epoxy-cholesterol, <i>β</i>-epoxy-cholesterol, cholestanetriol, 7α-hydroxy-cholesterol, 7<i>β</i>-hydroxy-cholesterol, and 7-keto-cholesterol) COPs levels between the two groups after the intervention; moreover, these levels were not associated with physical or dietary habits. These findings suggest that PS supplementation did not measurably reduce COPs concentrations over six weeks in this small sample of statin-treated individuals with relatively stable cholesterol levels. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying the interaction between statins, PS, and cholesterol oxidation to improve strategies for managing CVD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability and Metabolism of N-Trans Caffeoyltyramine and N-Trans Feruloyltyramine - A Narrative Review.","authors":"Julie Shlisky, Swati Kalgaonkar, Clayton S Bloszies, Jan-Willem van Kinken, Mario G Ferruzzi","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2597203","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2597203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insights into the bioavailability of hemp derived phenolic amides N-trans caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and N-trans feruloyltyramine (NFT) remained limited to experimental data from preclinical <i>in vitro</i> and animal systems. However, the bioavailability of similar phenolics and phenolic amides from other sources has been experimentally determined. This concise review summarizes the current state of knowledge for phenolic amides with the goal of providing experimental guidance on the assessment of NCT and NFT from hemp ingredients in humans. Evidence from phenolic and avenanthramide (similar phenolic amides from oats) suggest that overall absorption of free phenolic amides would be limited in humans to <2% of native forms. Metabolites derived by both host (conjugated Phase II metabolites) and microbial fermentation products would likely represent the main compounds in circulation derived from NCT or NFT intake. This would be extensively influenced by the matrix provided including hemp-based ingredients with large portions of physically and chemically bound NCT and NFT forms that are not absorbable. Experimental designs to determine NCT and NFT response in humans would need to consider longer exposure and collection periods to adequately capture 24 and 48h urine and blood samples likely to have key NCT and NFT derived microbial and host metabolites present. Considering adaptation of the microbiota to these compounds it is likely that a robust design would also include a dimension of long-term exposure to enable detection of target metabolites derived from hemp NCT and NFT.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"101-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Dimitrios Papandreou, Salwa Bader, Khaled Abass, Myriam Abboud, Sousana K Papadopoulou, Salah Abusnana","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2636469","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2636469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may influence metabolic control. The efficacy of supplementation remains contested. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on primary glycemic outcomes (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose [FBG], HOMA-IR) and secondary metabolic parameters (lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometrics) in adults with T2DM or prediabetes. This review was conducted according to Cochrane methodology and reported following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified <i>via</i> systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 2025. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (using Cochrane RoB 2 tool) were performed in duplicate. A narrative synthesis was performed due to substantial heterogeneity. Thirty RCTs (<i>n</i> = 2627) were included. Studies varied in vitamin D dosage (1,000 to 600,000 IU), duration (8-52 wk), and participant baseline status. Overall, supplementation consistently increased serum 25(OH)D levels. For primary outcomes, significant reductions in HbA1c and FBG were reported in approximately half of the studies, particularly among participants with baseline vitamin D deficiency. Effects on HOMA-IR were mixed. Secondary outcomes (lipids, blood pressure, BMI) showed minimal or inconsistent changes. Vitamin D supplementation may improve glycemic control in individuals with T2DM who are vitamin D deficient, but appears ineffective in those with sufficient levels. It does not consistently improve other metabolic parameters. Targeted supplementation based on individual vitamin D status is recommended, rather than universal administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"360-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine Supplementation and the Brain: Have We Put the Cart Before the Horse?","authors":"Darren G Candow, Jedd Pratt, Nicholas Fabiano, Ali Gordji-Nejad, Aaron Smith, Eric S Rawson, Terence Moriarty, Scott C Forbes, Chad M Kerksick","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2616440","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2616440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine is an important regulator of brain bioenergetics, yet the efficacy of creatine supplementation (CrS) in the brain remains largely unknown. Measurement of brain creatine using proton (¹H) and phosphorus (³¹P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy is highly sensitive to voxel placement, signal quality, analysis pipelines, and reporting conventions which can obscure the detection of biological responses to CrS. There is evidence that CrS increases brain creatine, but this response may be dose and/or duration dependent. CrS provides some benefits during acute periods of metabolic stress such as sleep deprivation, mental fatigue, and hypoxia. Emerging clinical data also suggest potential therapeutic effects from CrS for Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), although findings across conditions remain preliminary and inconsistent. Further, CrS shows some promise for improving aspects of sleep quality. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) outline methodological considerations in the quantification of brain creatine, (2) discuss the divergent effects of CrS on brain creatine levels and measures of brain function, (3) examine the purported mechanistic actions of CrS for improving brain health and function, (4) highlight critical gaps and limitations which should be considered moving forward, and (5) identify future research directions involving CrS and the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"175-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}