Journal of Dairy Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of a novel culture-based selection for dry cow therapy with somatic cell count-based selection: comparing detection rates for major pathogens and subsequent udder health outcomes.","authors":"Emma Cuttance, Richard Nortje, Richard Laven, Winston Mason","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared a culture-based protocol in which only cows identified as having intramammary infections due to major pathogens (major IMI) were treated with dry cow antibiotics (DCAT) compared with the current New Zealand somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis-based algorithm. Healthy multiparous pregnant lactating cattle (<i>n</i> = 1541) were enrolled from three spring-calving New Zealand farms. A composite four-quarter milk sample was collected aseptically prior to the last milking before dry-off. Samples underwent standard culture and a culture using a novel, custom-made agar plate. Enrolled animals were classified as having a major IMI on 1) standard culture; 2) novel culture and 3) having SCC > 150,000 cells/ml at the last herd test and/or clinical mastitis (CM) in the current lactation. The sensitivity and specificity of novel culture and SCC/mastitis history for identifying cows with major IMI (compared with standard culture) were calculated. Cows were then blocked by standard culture results (major, minor or no growth) and randomly allocated to treatment based on either novel culture results (cult-SDCT) or SCC/mastitis history (alg-SDCT). Cows allocated to cult-SDCT whose novel culture result was major pathogen positive or contaminated received DCAT, while for alg-SDCT cows, all cows with either SCC > 150,000 cells/ml at the last herd test or CM in the current lactation received DCAT. The sensitivity (0.80 vs 0.67) and specificity (0.91 vs 0.81) for major IMI prediction were greater for cult-SDCT than alg-SDCT. After accounting for farm, age and dry-off SCC, alg-SDCT cows had marginal mean SCC at first herd test post-calving of 129,000 (95% CI 116-143,000) cells/ml, whereas the equivalent for cult-SDCT cows was 113,000 (95% CI 101-126,000) cells/ml. Compared to alg-SDCT, using cult-SDCT correctly identified a higher proportion of major IMI identified by standard culture and did not result in an increase in post-calving SCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a special adjuvant with FSH on blood FSH level, superstimulation and embryo quality in dairy cattle.","authors":"Mehmet Ali Yilmaz, Tuncay Çökülgen, Ramazan Sevgi, Alaeddin Okuroğlu, Muharrem Satılmış, Erkan Say, Sedat Hamdi Kızıl, Barış Kılıç, İlker Ünal, Burak Artut, Yasin Ergiden, Bülent Bülbül","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) must be applied at 12-h intervals over 4-5 days in the traditional cattle superovulation protocol, which still needs to be improved. This research paper evaluated the superovulation results obtained by a traditional protocol or by a single administration of FSH dissolved in Montanide^TM ISA-206 VG (MonISA-206). Control cows were superovulated with 10 mL of FSH (500 µg pFSH + 100 µg pLH) from day 7 to day 10 (for 4 days, twice daily i.m. injections, decreasing doses). Cows in the EG10 and EG7.5 groups were injected i.m. with 20 mL (100%, 10 mL + 10 mL) or 15 mL (75%, 7.5 mL + 7.5 mL) of the FSH and MonISA-206 mixture at once on day 7. All cows were inseminated 12 and 24 h after oestrus onset. The cows presented no pathology at the injection sites. Plasma FSH levels differed between the groups, but the interaction between hour and group × time was not different. Superstimulation and embryo quality results were similar between the groups. A single injection of FSH (both 100% and 75% doses) dissolved in MonISA-206 led to adequate plasma FSH levels and similar superovulation results to traditional FSH treatment, and caused no pathology at the injection sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of a product of the solid-state fermentation of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> on <i>in sacco</i> degradation of feeds and rumen volatile fatty acid production in dairy cattle.","authors":"Stefan Yerby, James Huntington, Helen Warren, Nicholas Jonsson","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Research Paper addresses the hypothesis that the dietary inclusion of an <i>Aspergillus niger</i> fermentation product will alter the degradation kinetics and rumen fermentation patterns of feeds in dairy cattle. Fungal fermentation products often contain a suite of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites, which can influence the microbial environment in the rumen and act as digestibility enhancers. As the cattle sector is under increasing pressure to enhance its sustainability, the investigation of dietary interventions that could improve the efficiency of production is warranted. In a previous experiment, Synergen®, a product of the solid-state fermentation of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (ANP) containing residual enzyme activities, significantly increased the <i>in vitro</i> digestibility of a grass silage-based dairy total mixed ration (TMR), suggesting that <i>in vivo</i> studies would be valuable. Hence the present study aimed to quantify the effects of this ANP on rumen fermentation measures in cattle. Using a 4 × 4 Latin square design, the effect of four doses of ANP (0, 5, 10, 15 g/day) in four cannulated Jersey heifers was measured on the <i>in sacco</i> degradation of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre in steam-flaked barley, grass silage and a grass silage-based TMR formulated for dairy cattle. Treatments had no significant effect on the rate, or extent, of degradation of any component in any feed investigated. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations and proportions, and rumen pH, were quantified at seven timepoints during each 48-h sampling period and were unaffected by treatment, as was the apparent total tract digestibility of DM. Under the conditions of this trial, ANP did not influence rumen fermentation kinetics; indicating that supplementing mature, non-lactating Jersey cattle with this fungal fermentation product is not an advantageous strategy to enhance feed digestibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of maturation changes in the handcrafted waxed dry cheese from Southern Mexico using infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics: prospective tools for adding value to local products.","authors":"Valeria Martínez-Aquino, Edna E Suárez-Patlán, Anastacio Espejel-García, Arturo Hernández-Montes, Alma L Saucedo","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in waxed dry cheese during the ripening process, over periods of 7 and 30 days, were analysed using near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) by attenuated total reflection (ATR). FT-NIR was employed to determine the proximate composition of the cheese (protein, fat, moisture, total solids, and salt content), identifying changes directly associated with the ripening process. FT-MIR data were used to identify spectral bands associated with chemical changes occurring during the cheese maturation. Additionally, chemometric techniques were applied to demonstrate the potential of FT-MIR infrared spectroscopy for cheese differentiation and fingerprint profiling. Subsequently, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the FT-MIR spectra was performed, revealing two distinct clusters representing the cheese ripening times. Functional groups related to lipids (-CH₂ - and - CH₃), proteins (amide bands I and II), and carbohydrates (C-O) were identified, correlating to lipolysis, proteolysis, and lactose catabolism. Infrared spectroscopy in combination with chemometric methods proved to be a robust and reliable tool for monitoring changes during the ripening of waxed dry cheese. The results obtained highlight its usefulness as an alternative approach for the analysis and fingerprinting of traditional Mexican foods, aiming to add value to local products.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the demineralization process on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of camel and bovine cheese-wheys.","authors":"Roua Lajnaf, Hamadi Attia, Mohamed Ali Ayadi","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925100939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925100939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cheese-whey is a valuable byproduct of the dairy industry, rich in various nutritional components such as minerals, lactose, and proteins. Whey proteins, often used in concentrate form, are widely applied in the food industry due to their diverse chemical, physical, and techno-functional properties. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical composition and biochemical characteristics of camel and bovine whey after partial demineralization at a laboratory scale. Camel whey exhibited lower pH values compared to bovine whey, while showing comparable levels of total solids, ash, and lactose, but significantly higher protein content. Analysis of both types of whey, before and after dialysis filtration, demonstrated partial demineralization, a significant reduction in lactose content, and a decrease in β-lactoglobulin levels in bovine whey. These findings suggest that demineralized camel and bovine whey hold significant potential for applications in the agricultural and food industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing wastewater challenges in the dairy industry: a focused case study.","authors":"Biljana R Cvetković, Nurgin Memišin, Zvonko Nježić, Lato Pezo, Grazina Juodeikiene, Jasmina Vitas, Nebojša Ilić","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Research Paper addresses the hypothesis that wastewater characteristics in the dairy industry vary with product type and operational procedures, and that current treatment methods face limitations in managing such variability. The study examined raw and clean-in-place (CIP) wastewater from a Serbian dairy plant over three years. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses included pH, protein, fat, carbohydrates, total solids, total microorganisms, <i>E. coli</i>, Enterobacteriaceae, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved oxygen (O₂).Dairy plants produced 0.2-10 L wastewater per litre of milk. Protein content ranged 0.07-0.31 g/100 ml, fat 0.01-0.19 g/100 ml, and carbohydrates up to 1.37%. Total solids were 0.13-2.95%. pH varied from 4.41 to 12.76, affected by lactic fermentation and cleaning agents. COD values (529-12,476 mg/l) indicated strong organic loads. Microbiological counts were highly variable, with <i>E. coli</i> up to 10³ cfu/ml and total microorganisms up to 1 × 10⁸ cfu/ml. Nitrogen ranged 36-104 mg/l and phosphorus reached 10.91 mg/l, sometimes exceeding limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 61.86% of variance, driven by N, pH, P, <i>E. coli</i>, Enterobacteriaceae, and oxygen content. Seasonal patterns were identified: higher TSS during spring and summer, and increased microbial loads, COD, and oxygen fluctuations in autumn and winter. The findings demonstrate that dairy wastewater is complex and variable, requiring adaptive treatment strategies. Optimised management, including pH control, nutrient removal, and combined biological and advanced technologies, can improve treatment efficiency, support reuse, and mitigate environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone on behaviour and performance in Holstein cows.","authors":"Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Faheem Ullah, Muhammad Kamran Ashraf, Talha Ashraf, Ali Husnain, Muhammad Yaseen, Melad Ahmed, Muhammad Irfan-Ur-Rehman Khan, Muhammad Imran, Musadiq Idris, Amjad Riaz","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research communication hypothesizes that superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would not impact behavior and performance of Holstein cows. The objectives were to investigate the effect of FSH superstimulation on follicular dynamics, animal behaviour, body surface temperature and milk yield of Holstein cows. Cows were blocked by parity and body condition score (BCS), and within a block, they were assigned randomly to receive either normal saline (CON = 7) or 500 IU of FSH (<i>n</i> = 8). The estrous cycle of cows was synchronized by using two injections of prostaglandin F₂-alpha (PG), 11 days apart. The dominant follicle was ablated at the time of the second PG injection, and an intra-vaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was inserted (day 0). Two days later, FSH treatment was initiated and continued for 3 days in six equal doses of 83.33 IU after 12 h. Follicles were counted and their sizes were measured from day-0 to day-5. Behavior, including activity and feeding time, was recorded using SmartTag Neck from day 0 to 6. The surface temperatures of the eye, shoulder, flank, and vulva were measured by using infrared thermal imaging every 12 h from day-2 to day-5. Milk was recorded from day-0 to day-6. Mixed effects models were used to analyse the data using SAS statistical software. The number of small and medium follicles did not differ between treatments. However, FSH-treated cows had a more (<i>P</i> = 0.01) large and total follicles compared with CON cows. FSH treatment did not affect activity, feeding time, body surface temperature, or milk yield. In conclusion, FSH superstimulation increased the number of large follicles but did not influence behaviour, body surface temperature, or performance in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between polymorphisms and haplotypes of the bovine <i>CD4</i> and <i>IFN-γ</i> genes with mastitis susceptibility in Italian simmental cattle.","authors":"Federica Signorelli, Fiorella Causero, Francesco Grandoni, Emanuela Rossi, Lorenzo Degano, Daniele Vicario, Giovanna De Matteis, Francesco Napolitano","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential association between the breeding values for somatic cell scores in milk (SCS) and polymorphisms in genes that encode for cytokines (<i>CXCL8, TGF-β1</i> and <i>IFN-γ</i>) and <i>CD4</i>. These genes were selected because of their critical roles in immune regulation and their known involvement in mastitis-related inflammatory processes. To gain a comprehensive breeding perspective, the association study was conducted simultaneously with breeding values for productive traits in 558 Italian Simmental cows, a widespread dual-purpose dairy and beef bovine breed that is adaptable to harsh farming and breeding conditions.The association analysis showed that only three of the nine chosen markers, one in <i>IFN-γ</i> and two in <i>CD4</i>, significantly associated with somatic cell breeding values, without effects on the other dairy traits. Only one of the two <i>CD4</i> SNPs has been considered, being in linkage disequilibrium. The two remaining SNPs were grouped into three haplotypes (A-G, 88%; A-A, 5%; and T-G, 7%, respectively), and Haplotype-3 significantly affected the breeding values for SCS. The combination of Haplotype-1 with Haplotype-2 resulted in a significant decrease, while with Haplotype-3 led to a considerable improvement in SCS breeding values. It was noted that the functional haplotypic combinations examined did not significantly affect the production breeding values. This research could provide interesting polymorphisms for genomic evaluation of Italian Simmental dairy cows, increasing the accuracy of breeding values, assisting breeders in selecting animals with enhanced immune responses, minimising the economic impact of mastitis, and improving overall herd health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing rumination activity using the Nedap® rumination sensor against analysis of video recordings in pre-weaned dairy calves.","authors":"Kristian Ellingsen-Dalskau, Stine Grønmo Kischel, Laura Katherine Whalin, Julie Føske Johnsen","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029925101386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Research Communication describes a pilot study to validate a rumination sensor for pre-weaned dairy calves. There is increasing interest in precision livestock farming (PLF) tools to capture behaviours and health parameters in farm animals. However, much of the research has focused on devices suitable for adult animals, and few devices have been validated for young animals. The aim of our pilot study was to validate the rumination estimates from Nedap rumination sensors® (NRS) when worn by dairy calves less than 2 months of age. Eight Norwegian Red dairy calves were raised in a cow-directed cow-calf-contact system such that cows could visit their calves through a smartgate. At 21 days of age, an NRS was secured around the neck of each calf, to record the amount of time spent ruminating/24 h. Cameras were placed above the calf areas to record the calves for the entirety of the study. When the calves were 28 and 58 d old, four trained observers recorded rumination behaviour 24 h/d from the video recordings. The video data and the NRS data recorded over 24 h on the same days were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Spearman's rank correlation and concordance correlation. NRS estimates were moderately correlated with calf rumination behaviour as measured from video observations but underestimated the duration of time spent ruminating by approximately 76%. Perhaps the calves' rumination movements were too subtle for the NRS to detect, or the NRS needed a different placement on the calf's small neck to record the behaviour accurately. Although automatic recordings from PLF tools may save observation time, our results indicate that the NRS may not yet accurately detect rumination behaviour in pre-weaned dairy calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological aspects in whey powder production: What is the relevance of enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>?","authors":"Jean Victor Dos Santos Emiliano, Andressa Fusieger, Anderson Carlos Camargo, Fabíola Faria da Cruz Rodrigues, Luis Augusto Nero, Ítalo Tuler Perrone, Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho","doi":"10.1017/S0022029925101271","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029925101271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whey, a greenish-yellow liquid resulting from curd separation in cheese manufacturing, was historically considered economically insignificant in the dairy industry and often discarded into the environment without proper oversight. However, recognizing its high nutritional value, whey has become a valuable ingredient in the food industry. Unprocessed whey (raw material) is highly susceptible to contamination, as it can serve as a substrate for the multiplication of a range of microorganisms, including spoilage, spore forming, pathogenic and toxin producing bacteria, particularly if stored at inappropriate temperatures. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of these potential pathogenic bacteria often associated to dairy, that can also persist in the environment through biofilm formation and, once reaching the food matrix, can grow and produce enterotoxins. During the processing of whey powder production, there are points where <i>S. aureus</i> might find its way into the final product. Here we demonstrate critical contamination steps, and we highlight the need for more research to assess the microbiological integrity of whey powder, especially in Brazil, where its production has been growing in recent years. Considering the increasing use of whey powder as an ingredient for various formulations, continuous surveillance for the presence of spoilage microbiota and potentially pathogens, including <i>S. aureus</i> and associated enterotoxins is indispensable to prevent food poisoning outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}