Journal of Dairy Research最新文献

{"title":"Pasteurized milk quality in Brazil: a cross-sectional study over five years.","authors":"Aline Martins Mancebo, Marina Rocha Dorella, Samanta Stinghen de Abreu, Stael Málaga Carrilho, Giulia Ferracin Ferreira, Rafael Mikio Itida, Willian Caixeta Gutierres Correia, Fernanda Montanholi de Lira, Ronaldo Tamanini, Rafael Fagnani","doi":"10.1017/S002202992300016X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S002202992300016X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research communication delineates the quality of pasteurized cow milk sold in Brazil from 2015 to 2020. A cross-sectional study was performed gathering 1749 samples, which were evaluated for microbiological and physicochemical parameters, including <i>Salmonella</i> spp., total and thermotolerant coliforms, freezing point, alkaline phosphatase and lactoperoxidase. The proportion of compliant and non-compliant samples was compared through the years and jurisdiction of the inspection services. Interactions between the design and response variables were assessed by log-linear analysis. Overall, a considerable non-conformity rate (12%) was found for at least one microbiological or physicochemical parameter. Post-pasteurization contamination by coliforms was the major challenge for dairy industries. Notably, the non-compliance rate for freezing point increased during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In addition, the ability to comply was linked to the type of inspection service. Thus, it is suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is affecting the dairy industries in Brazil, and we strengthen the need for more studies monitoring the quality of milk over the years, which could assist industries and regulatory agencies to ensure the compliance of pasteurized milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro characterization of anti-inflammatory activities of 3<i>RS</i>, 7<i>R</i>, 11<i>R</i>-phytanic acid.","authors":"Tomonori Nakanishi, Mikihisa Izumi, Ryoji Suzuki, Kohta Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro Sugamoto, Laurie Erickson, Satoshi Kawahara","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000146","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the research described here was to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of 3<i>RS</i>, 7<i>R</i>, 11<i>R</i>-phytanic acid (3<i>RS</i>-PHY) from the perspective of efficacy against autoimmune diseases. 3<i>RS</i>-PHY is a milk component with strong agonist activity at the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR). As PPAR is a therapeutic target for several human diseases, 3<i>RS</i>-PHY intake may have possible health benefits. Recently, we chemically synthesized a preparation of 3<i>RS</i>-PHY and demonstrated that 3<i>RS</i>-PHY inhibited T-cell production of interferon (IFN)-γ. However, the overall immunomodulatory effects were not evaluated. In this study, mouse splenocytes, purified T-cells and B-cells were stimulated by mitogens and incubated with 3<i>RS</i>-PHY, followed by evaluation of cytokine and antibody production. A macrophage-like cell line J774.1 was also incubated with 3<i>RS</i>-PHY to evaluate nitric oxide production. 3<i>RS</i>-PHY decreased mRNA levels not only of IFN-γ but also of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and IL-17A in splenocytes and similar effects were confirmed at the protein level. In addition, 3<i>RS</i>-PHY had a direct action on T-cells with preferential inhibitory effects on Th1 and Th17 cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17A. Furthermore, 3<i>RS</i>-PHY suppressed antibody secretion by B-cells and nitric oxide production by J774.1 almost completely, indicating that 3<i>RS</i>-PHY is a bioactive fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings encourage further investigations, including in vivo experiments, to evaluate whether 3<i>RS</i>-PHY actually shows the potential to prevent autoimmune diseases, and provide basic information to produce milk and dairy products with an increased 3<i>RS</i>-PHY concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein modifications due to homogenisation and heat treatment of cow milk.","authors":"Jessica L Gathercole, Hanh T H Nguyen, Paul Harris, Mike Weeks, Mariza G Reis","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000122","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper aimed to locate protein modifications caused by treatment of milk and determine if the modification locations were consistent. The majority of milk for consumption is homogenised using pressure and heat, and this causes changes in the location of proteins in the milk as well as protein modifications. To investigate these proteomic changes, raw milk was pasteurised (72°C, 15 s), then, to separate the treatment for homogenisation, heated at these different pressures and temperatures: 45°C without no pressure applied, 45°C with 35 MPa, 80°C without pressure applied and 80°C, with 35 MPa. Proteomic analysis was done after separating the milk into three fractions: whey, casein and cream. Protein modifications in each fraction were examined and we found Maillard products as well as oxidation to be of interest. The proteins were also further identified and characterised to compare protein modification sites and differences in proteins present in the cream resulting from homogenisation and/or pasteurisation. This experiment showed that both heat and pressure during homogenisation can cause increases in protein modifications as a result of oxidation or the Maillard reaction. Total cysteine oxidation and total proline oxidation differed between treatments although this was only significantly different for cysteine. It was observed that protein modifications occurred in the same location in the protein sequence rather than in random locations which we highlighted by examining α-S1-casein, lactadherin and β-lactoglobulin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an indwelling bolus equipped with a triaxial accelerometer for the characterisation of the diurnal pattern of bovine reticuloruminal contractions.","authors":"Giovanni Capuzzello, Lorenzo Viora, Elena Borelli, Nicholas N Jonsson","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000134","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This observational study aimed to describe the diurnal pattern of reticuloruminal contraction rate (RRCR) and the proportion of time spent ruminating by cattle, using two commercial devices equipped with triaxial accelerometers: an indwelling bolus (placed in the reticulum) and a neck collar. The three objectives of this study were firstly to determine whether the indwelling bolus provided observations consistent with RRCR as determined by clinical examination using auscultation and ultrasound, secondly to compare estimates of time spent ruminating using the indwelling bolus and a collar-based accelerometer, and finally to describe the diurnal pattern of RRCR using the indwelling bolus data. Six rumen-fistulated, non-lactating Jersey cows were fitted with an indwelling bolus (SmaXtec Animal Care GmbH, Graz, Austria) and a neck collar (Silent Herdsman, Afimilk Ltd. Kibbutz Afikim, Israel), and data were collected over two weeks. Cattle were housed together in a single straw-bedded pen and fed <i>ad libitum</i> hay. To assess the agreement between the indwelling bolus and traditional methods of assessing reticuloruminal contractility in the first week, the RRCR was determined over 10 min, twice a day, by ultrasound and auscultation. Mean inter-contraction intervals (ICI) derived from bolus and ultrasound, and from auscultation were 40.4 ± 4.7, 40.1 ± 4.0 and 38.4 ± 3.3 s. Bland-Altmann plots showed similar performance of the methods with small biases. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the time spent ruminating derived from neck collars and indwelling boluses was 0.72 (highly significant, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The indwelling boluses generated a consistent diurnal pattern for all the cows. In conclusion, a robust relationship was observed between clinical observation and the indwelling boluses for estimation of ICI and, similarly, between the indwelling bolus and neck collar for estimating rumination time. The indwelling boluses showed a clear diurnal pattern for RRCR and time spent ruminating, indicating that they should be useful for assessing reticuloruminal motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10753012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the antagonistic effect of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> against Shiga toxigenic and non-toxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains in bioyogurt.","authors":"Karima M Fahim, Zeinab I Ali, Lamiaa I Ahmed, Faten E Hereher, Eman M Taher","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000067","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to determine the effect of acidophilus yoghurt (yoghurt fortified with <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>) in comparison to traditional plain yoghurt (<i>St. thermophilus</i> and <i>L. bulgaricus</i> starter cultures) on the survival of three pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains; Shiga toxigenic O157 (STx O157), non-toxigenic O157 (Non-STx O157) and Shiga toxigenic non-O157 (STx O145). After six days of refrigerated storage of laboratory-manufactured yoghurt inoculated with the three strains of <i>E. coli</i> separately, all were eliminated in acidophilus yoghurt, while their survival extended in the traditional yoghurt along the storage period (17 d). Reduction percentages of the tested strains in acidophilus yoghurt were 99.93, 99.93 and 99.86%, with log reduction of 3.176, 3.176, and 2.865 cfu/g for Stx O157, Non-Stx O157, and Stx O145 <i>E. coli,</i> respectively, in comparison to 91.67, 93.33 and 93.33%, with log reduction of 1.079, 1.176 and 1.176 cfu/g in traditional yoghurt. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of acidophilus yoghurt in reducing the count of Stx <i>E. coli</i> O157 (<i>P =</i> 0.001), Non-Stx <i>E. coli</i> O157 (<i>P <</i> 0.01) and Stx <i>E. coli</i> O145 (<i>P <</i> 0.01) compared to the traditional yoghurt. These findings emphasize the potential use of acidophilus yoghurt as a biocontrol alternative method for eliminating pathogenic <i>E. coli</i>, as well as other similar applications in the dairy industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10740776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy animals and breast cancer: reflections on a long-term study from the 1970s that was never done.","authors":"Malcolm Peaker","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000110","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this short commentary I recall a long-term experiment that was sketched out to determine if the low incidence of mammary cancer in dairy animals reflects a low incidence in these species generally or is the result of a protective effect of early pregnancy and long lactations. Although that experiment was never done, I discuss these questions in the light of developing knowledge on the incidence of cancer in ruminants generally and in the mammary gland in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9289353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing of alpha, beta and kappa-caseins polymorphic variants in Gangatiri cow milk with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HRAMS.","authors":"Manish Kumar Singh, Arvind Kumar, Ramadevi Nimmanapalli, Ankita Hooda","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000079","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research communication aimed to probe the genetic polymorphisms of alpha, beta, and kappa caseins in Gangatiri cows (an indigenous Indian cattle). Detection of variants has received considerable research interest in the dairy industry and animal breeding in recent years as a source of good quality protein, but also of bioactive peptides that may be linked to health implications. The polymorphic nature of casein fractions and their association with milk production traits, composition, and quality also attracted several efforts in evaluating the allelic distribution of different casein locus as a potential dairy trait marker. Molecular techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-resolution accurate mass-spectrometry have been applied to this probe. Sequence analysis of different casein types in the cows showed the presence of four specific variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9289352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of gamma-aminobutyric acid content in Portuguese cheeses with protected designation of origin status.","authors":"Rodrigo J M Sousa, Susana C Ribeiro, José A B Baptista, Célia C G Silva","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000043","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health-conscious consumers are increasingly paying attention to healthy diets and focusing on natural bioactive compounds in foods and their effects on mental health. This opens new opportunities for the study of artisanal cheeses as biofunctional foods. In the work described in this Research Communication, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of seven different Portuguese cheeses produced from unpasteurized cow, sheep, and goat milk and granted with protected designation of origin (PDO) status was analysed. The PDO cheeses made from cow milk analysed in this study were São Jorge (3, 4, 7, 12 and 24 months of maturation) and Pico cheeses. PDO cheeses made from sheep milk were Serra da Estrela, Serpa, Nisa and Azeitão. Cheeses made from sheep and goat milk included Beira Baixa yellow cheese. The GABA content in the Azorean PDO cheeses (made from cow milk) ranged from 1.23 to 2.64 g/kg of cheese. Higher variations in GABA content were observed in cheeses made from sheep and goat milk (0.73-2.31 g/kg). This study provides information on the GABA content in different Portuguese PDO cheeses and shows that hard or semi-hard ripened cheeses are a suitable matrix for GABA production by lactic acid bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations of whole blood heavy metals with serum immunological and oxidative markers during the early dry period and transition period of dairy cattle.","authors":"Negar Karimi, Hesam Aldin Seifi, Mohammad Heidarpour","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000055","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunological and oxidative alterations have been reported around calving in dairy cattle. In addition, the levels of heavy metals rise in the blood around parturition, which might affect body systems. Therefore, in this Research Communication we evaluate the changes in whole blood lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) around calving, in comparison with the beginning of the dry period, and assess the correlations of these elements with immunological factors and oxidative markers. Samples were collected from 30 clinically healthy dairy cows in the early dry period (-6 w), one week before expected calving (-1 w), and one week postpartum (+1 w). The highest concentrations of Pb, As, and Cd were observed at -1 w and all the three elements decreased after parturition leading to significantly lower As and Cd, compared to -1 w (<i>P <</i> 0.05). The lowest levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, immunoglobulin G, interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and haptoglobin were found at -1 w simultaneous with the highest measures of the heavy metals, with tumor necrosis factor-alpha being significantly lower at this time (<i>P <</i> 0.05). At -6 w, As concentration was significantly (<i>P <</i> 0.05) correlated negatively (<i>r</i> = -0.366) and positively (<i>r</i> = 0.417) with total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde, respectively. Furthermore, at -1 w Pb and As had significant (<i>P <</i> 0.05) negative correlations with interferon gamma (<i>r</i> = -0.502) and interleukin 4 (<i>r</i> = -0.483), respectively. After parturition, Pb was observed to be negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity (<i>r</i> = -0.538, <i>P <</i> 0.05). The observed results revealed that the alterations in immunological factors and antioxidant capacity around parturition were correlated with Pb and As levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9289346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional determinants of lactose-free food awareness and purchase among adult consumers.","authors":"Birsen Yılmaz, Duygu Ağagündüz, Z Begum Kalyoncu Atasoy, Neslihan Yeşilyurt, Şule Ergin, Naci Murat","doi":"10.1017/S0022029923000018","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029923000018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and purchasing behaviour of consumers regarding lactose-free foods. Study data were collected from 1882 individuals with the help of a questionnaire form. Attitudes towards animal welfare, healthy nutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms were also evaluated. The majority (86.6%) of the participants reported that they had heard of the concept of lactose-free foods before, but more than half (67.0%) did not report buying them because of their higher costs compared to regular products and lack of sufficient information. Not causing gas/bloating (32.5%) and being healthier (28.3%) were shown to be the most significant motivational factors in purchasing lactose-free foods (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The factors affecting purchase of lactose-free products were education, employment status, history of having a food intolerance test and animal welfare perception together with higher scores from the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, and attitude scale for healthy nutrition (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Body mass index was not found to be an effective factor determining purchase intention. The results provide a general overview of consumers, however, further studies on other demographic groups are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}