Journal of Dairy Research最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals that prolactin modulates the β-casein synthesis mechanism in bovine mammary epithelial cells.","authors":"Yanying Zhang, Ziru Xu, Xiaoxue Wang, Xiaoming Hou, Yang Yang, Ying Liu, Ye Lin","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000554","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022029924000554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research communication screened and identified differentiated expressed genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) upon prolactin (PRL) stimulation. PRL of 5 μg/ml increased β-casein synthesis in BMECs with milk protein synthesis capacity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 375 DEGs (165 up-regulated and 210 down-regulated) were identified between PRL-stimulated group and the control group. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were primarily associated with cell functions, metabolic processes, and biological regulatory processes. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in JAK-STAT, Rap1, Ras and Notch signaling pathways, which are widely involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and milk component synthesis. This study provides an initial understanding of the changes in gene expression in BMECs with PRL-stimulation, as determined by RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, thereby enhancing our knowledge of the molecular regulation of lactation metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential biomarkers for lameness and claw lesions in dairy cows: A scoping review.","authors":"Mohammed B Sadiq, Siti Z Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Wan Mastura Shaik Mossadeq, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain, Nurhusien Yimer, Ubedullah Kaka, Mokrish Ajat, Jesse Faez Firdaus Abdullah","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the major challenges in lameness management is prompt detection, especially before visible gait disturbance. This scoping review describes the potential biomarkers for lameness in dairy cows reported in the literature, their relevance in lameness diagnosis, identifying cows at risk of developing claw lesions and monitoring recovery after treatment. Using specific keywords, a comprehensive literature search was performed in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect to retrieve relevant articles published between 2010 and 2022. A total of 31 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. The categories of potential markers for lameness reported in the literature included acute phase proteins (APPs), nociceptive neuropeptides, stress hormones, proteomes, inflammatory cytokines and metabolites in serum, urine and milk. Cortisol, APPs (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and serum, urinary and milk metabolites were the most studied biomarkers for lameness in dairy cows. While APPs, nociceptive neuropeptides and blood cortisol analyses assisted in elucidating the pain and stress experienced by lame cows during diagnosis and after treatment, evidence-based data are lacking to support their use in identifying susceptible animals. Meanwhile, metabolomic techniques revealed promising results in assessing metabolic alterations occurring before, during and after lameness onset. Several metabolites in serum, urinary and milk were reported that could be used to identify susceptible cows even before the onset of clinical signs. Nevertheless, further research is required employing metabolomic techniques to advance our knowledge of claw horn lesions and the discovery of novel biomarkers for identifying susceptible cows. The applicability of these biomarkers is challenging, particularly in the field, as they often require invasive procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of STAT1 gene with milk fat and protein yield in Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle maintained in the sub-tropical climate of India.","authors":"Anika Sharma, Simarjeet Kaur, Jaspreet Singh Arora, Neeraj Kashyap","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) genes are involved in signal mediation of various hormones and cytokines. STAT1 located on chromosome number 2 is involved in mammary gland development and is associated with milk composition traits in bovines. This study aimed to find any relationship and impact of STAT1/<i>BspHI</i> gene with milk fat and protein yields in a herd of Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred cattle of sub-tropical climate of Northern India. Milk composition data of 535 adult HF crossbred cows for a period of 12 years was collected from the records maintained at Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. First lactation data of 222 animals was chosen for further analysis. After data correction for non-genetic factors (season of calving, period of calving, interaction effect of season and period of calving and age at first calving) these animals were categorised into two groups based on corrected high and low milk fat and protein yields. Forty animals were then selected for blood collection and further laboratory analysis. Amplified using PCR-RFLP technique, the 314 bp STAT1 gene was digested using <i>BspHI</i> restriction enzyme. C-T polymorphism at nucleotide position 201 and 260 of the STAT1 amplicon was observed. At 201, for genotype AA and Aa, the genotypic frequencies were 0.80 and 0.20%. At 260, for genotype BB and Bb, the genotypic frequencies were 0.25 and 0.75%. Least square analysis showed a significant association of all genotypes with milk fat and protein yields. Hence, STAT1 can be used as a potential candidate gene to aid in better animal selection in breeding programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from bovine mastitis in China.","authors":"Limei Zhang, Kai Liu, Jianming Deng, Hui Xu, Juyu Wang, Kuan Wang, Weijie Qu, Gang Liu, Xiaolong Gu","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrons are important genetic elements that allow easy acquisition and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Studies reporting occurrence of integrons in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) isolated from bovine mastitis in large dairy farms across China are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of class 1 integrons (intI1), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and associated genes in <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from bovine mastitis and their associations. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined to evaluate the AMR phenotypes, whereas PCR was carried out to assess the occurrence of AMR genes and intI1. In addition, index cluster analysis was used to estimate associations between AMR phenotype, genotype and intI1 in 103 isolates. Overall, 83% of <i>S. aureus</i> were intI1-positive and 5 types of gene cassettes were detected. Susceptibility against single antimicrobial agents ranged from 0% (erythromycin), 12% (ampicillin) and 16% (penicillin G) to 96% (gentamicin). Most isolates (64%) were intermediate-resistant against erythromycin, whereas resistance against ceftriaxone (22%), clindamycin (4%), cefotaxime (2%), tetracycline (1%) and ciprofloxacin (1%) were relatively uncommon. The predominant resistant gene was <i>blaZ</i> gene (<i>n</i> = 88, 85%) followed by <i>tetD</i> gene (<i>n</i> = 85, 83%). With an estimated prevalence of 12% of the <i>mecA</i> gene, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> isolates had higher MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ for majority of antimicrobials than methicillin-susceptible <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. Presence of the <i>ermC</i> gene was associated with erythromycin resistance. Ampicillin, erythromycin and penicillin G resistance were associated with intI1. The data presented in our study indicated that class 1 integron-mediated resistance possibly plays an important role in dissemination of AMR in <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from bovine mastitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting play behaviour in weaned dairy calves using accelerometer data.","authors":"Ciara McKay, Kathryn Ellis, Marie J Haskell, Heather Cousar, Nicola Gladden","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper describes a validation study evaluating the ability of IceTag accelerometers (Peacock Technology, UK) to detect play behaviour in weaned dairy calves. Play behaviour is commonly observed in young animals and is regarded as an indicator of positive welfare states. Eight Holstein Friesian calves aged three to five months old were monitored using leg-mounted accelerometers for 48 h. Data generated by accelerometers to quantify calf activity included step count, lying times and a proprietary measure of overall activity termed 'motion index' (MI). Calf behaviour was filmed continuously over the same 48-h period using closed circuit television cameras and analysed using one-zero sampling to identify the presence (1) or absence (0) of play within each 15-min time period. A positive correlation between MI and visually recorded play was found. Visual observations were compared with accelerometer-generated data and analysed using 2 × 2 contingency tables and classification and regression tree analysis. A MI value of ≥69 was established as the optimum threshold to detect play behaviour (sensitivity = 94.4%; specificity = 93.6%; balanced accuracy = 94.0%). The results of this study suggest that accelerometer-generated MI data have the potential to detect play behaviour in weaned dairy calves in a more time efficient manner than traditional visual observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prepartum supplementation of dairy cows with inorganic selenium, organic selenium or rumen-protected choline does not affect carotenoid composition or colour characteristics of bovine colostrum or transition milk.","authors":"Fionnuala McDermott, Hao Shi, Emer Kennedy, Sean A Hogan, Lorraine Brennan, Tom F O'Callaghan, Michael Egan, John M Nolan, Alfonso Prado-Cabrero","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Minerals are supplemented routinely to dairy cows during the dry period to prevent metabolic issues postpartum. However, limited information exists on the impacts of mineral supplementation on colostrum carotenoids. This study aimed to determine the effects of prepartum supplementation with three micro-nutrients; inorganic selenium (INORG), organic selenium (ORG) or rumen-protected choline (RPC) on the carotenoid content of bovine colostrum and transition milk (TM) from pasture-based dairy cows. A total of 57 (12 primiparous and 45 multiparous) Holstein-Friesian (HF) and HF × Jersey (JEX) cows were supplemented daily for 49 ± 12.9 d before calving. Colostrum samples were collected from all cows immediately postpartum and TM one to five (TM1-TM5) were collected from a sub-set of 15 cows (five per treatment group) at each consecutive milking postpartum. Carotenoid concentration was determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). With the use of transmittance, the colour index and colour parameters <i>a</i>*, <i>b</i>* and <i>L</i>* were used to determine colour variations over this period. Prepartum supplementation did not have a significant effect on colostrum β-carotene concentration or colour. Positive correlations between β-carotene and colour parameter <i>b</i>* (<i>R</i>² = 0.671; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and β-carotene and colour index (<i>R</i>² = 0.560; <i>P</i> < 0.001) were observed. Concentrations of β-carotene were highest in colostrum (1.34 μg/g) and decreased significantly with each milking postpartum (TM5 0.31 μg/g). Breed had a significant effect on colostrum colour with JEX animals producing a greater <i>b</i>* colostrum than HF animals (<i>P</i> = 0.030). Primiparous animals produced colostrum with the weakest colour compared to second or ≥third parity animals (<i>P</i> = 0.042). Despite statistical increases in the <i>b</i>* parameter in colostrum from JEX cows and multiparous cows, β-carotene concentrations did not significantly increase suggesting that other factors may influence colostrum colour. The <i>b</i>* parameter may be used as an indicator for estimating carotenoid concentrations in colostrum and TM, particularly when assessed <i>via</i> transmittance spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive performance and milk composition of dairy ewes supplemented with corn silage (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>) silage and their mixture.","authors":"Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo, Navid Ghavipanje, Lizbeth E Robles-Jimenez, Eduardo Cardoso-Gutierrez, Edgar Aranda-Aguirre, Augusto Lizarazo, Ricardo A Garcia Herrera, Octavio A Castelán Ortega, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The work reported in the Research Communication investigated <i>in vitro</i> rumen gas kinetics and fermentation profile as well as <i>in vivo</i> performance of lactating ewes fed corn silage (CS), sunflower silage (SFS) and their 50 : 50 mixture (CS-SFS). For the <i>in vivo</i> experiment, nine early-lactation Suffolk × Texel ewes were grouped in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design of three 21-d periods. Treatments were based on <i>ad libitum</i> CS, SFS, and CS-SFS supplemented with concentrate at 48 g/kg LW^0.75. <i>In vitro</i> results showed that the CS had the highest dry matter degraded substrate and microbial crude protein production followed by CS-SFS. The <i>in vivo</i> data showed that animals fed on CS had higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than CS-SFS, while SFS were intermediate. Nitrogen (N) intake, fecal N excretion, and urine N excretion were similar between groups, however, milk N excretion was lower in SFS than CS. Milk yield was higher for CS and CS-SFS than SFS group, however, SFS-fed ewes had higher milk fat content than either CS or CS-SFS (all differences reported here were significant, <i>P</i> < 0.05 or better). Overall, CS-SFS could be used as dietary roughage for dairy ewes without deleterious effects on nutrient intake, N-balance and milk yield whilst potentially offering a more sustainable alternative to CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent, artificially.","authors":"Christopher H Knight","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting imported soybean meal with locally produced novel yeast protein in concentrates for Norwegian Red dairy cows: implications for rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition.","authors":"Eirin Stork, Dag Ekeberg, Hanne M Devle, Özgün C O Umu, Davide Porcellato, Martine A Olsen, Stine G Vhile, Alemayehu Kidane, Tove Devold, Siv B Skeie","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper addresses the hypothesis that substituting soybean meal with locally produced yeast protein from <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> in barley-based concentrates for Norwegian Red (NR) dairy cows does not have adverse effects on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, rumen microbiota and sensory quality of milk. As soybeans also represent valuable protein sources for human consumption, alternative protein sources need to be investigated for animal feed. A total of 48 NR dairy cows were allocated into three feeding treatments, with the same basal diet of grass silage, but different concentrates. The concentrates were all based on barley, but 7% of the barley in the barley-concentrate (BAR; negative control) was replaced by either soybean meal (SBM; conventional control) or yeast microbial protein (YEA). The experiment lasted for a total of 10 weeks, including 2 weeks of adaptation with the soybean meal concentrate. Analysis of the feed revealed some differences in the FA composition of the YEA concentrate compared to the SBM and BAR concentrates. In milk, only two FAs (C17:1<i>n</i>-8<i>cis</i>9 and an unidentified isomer of C18:3) were significantly different between the YEA- and SBM-group, while six FAs differed between the BAR- and SBM-group. However, the amount of these FAs was low compared to the entire FA profile (<0.7 g/100 g). The experimental diets did not affect rumen microbiota nor the milk sensory quality. This study shows that <i>C. jadinii</i> can replace soybean meal as a protein source in concentrates (7% inclusion) for NR dairy cows fed a diet composed of grass silage and concentrates without any effects on rumen microbiota, and without compromising the FA composition or sensory quality of milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical back movement of cows during locomotion: detecting lameness with a simple image processing technique.","authors":"Ibrahim Akin, Yilmaz Kalkan, Yalcin Alper Ozturan","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper proposes a simple image processing technique for automatic lameness detection in dairy cows under farm conditions. Seventy-five cows were selected from a dairy farm and visually assessed for a reference/real lameness score (RLS) as they left the milking parlor, while simultaneously being video-captured. The method employed a designated walking path and video recordings processed through image analysis to derive a new computerized automatic lameness score (ALDS) based on calculated factors from back arch posture. The proposed automatic lameness detection system was calibrated using 12 cows, and the remaining 63 were used to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of the ALDS. The agreement and correlation between ALDS and RLS were investigated. ALDS demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy with 100% sensitivity and specificity and was found to be 100% accurate with a perfect agreement (ρ<i>c</i> = 1) and strong correlation (<i>r</i> = 1, <i>P</i> < 0.001) for lameness detection in binary scores (lame/non-lame). Moreover, the ALDS had a strong agreement (ρ<i>c</i> = 0.885) and was highly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.840; 0.796-1.000 95% confidence interval, <i>P</i> < 0.001) with RLS in ordinal scores (lameness severity; LS1 to LS5). Our findings suggest that the proposed method has the potential to compete with vision-based lameness detection methods in dairy cows in farm conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}