Journal of Dairy Research最新文献

{"title":"Productive performance and milk composition of dairy ewes supplemented with corn silage (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>) silage and their mixture.","authors":"Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo, Navid Ghavipanje, Lizbeth E Robles-Jimenez, Eduardo Cardoso-Gutierrez, Edgar Aranda-Aguirre, Augusto Lizarazo, Ricardo A Garcia Herrera, Octavio A Castelán Ortega, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The work reported in the Research Communication investigated <i>in vitro</i> rumen gas kinetics and fermentation profile as well as <i>in vivo</i> performance of lactating ewes fed corn silage (CS), sunflower silage (SFS) and their 50 : 50 mixture (CS-SFS). For the <i>in vivo</i> experiment, nine early-lactation Suffolk × Texel ewes were grouped in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design of three 21-d periods. Treatments were based on <i>ad libitum</i> CS, SFS, and CS-SFS supplemented with concentrate at 48 g/kg LW^0.75. <i>In vitro</i> results showed that the CS had the highest dry matter degraded substrate and microbial crude protein production followed by CS-SFS. The <i>in vivo</i> data showed that animals fed on CS had higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than CS-SFS, while SFS were intermediate. Nitrogen (N) intake, fecal N excretion, and urine N excretion were similar between groups, however, milk N excretion was lower in SFS than CS. Milk yield was higher for CS and CS-SFS than SFS group, however, SFS-fed ewes had higher milk fat content than either CS or CS-SFS (all differences reported here were significant, <i>P</i> < 0.05 or better). Overall, CS-SFS could be used as dietary roughage for dairy ewes without deleterious effects on nutrient intake, N-balance and milk yield whilst potentially offering a more sustainable alternative to CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent, artificially.","authors":"Christopher H Knight","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting imported soybean meal with locally produced novel yeast protein in concentrates for Norwegian Red dairy cows: implications for rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition.","authors":"Eirin Stork, Dag Ekeberg, Hanne M Devle, Özgün C O Umu, Davide Porcellato, Martine A Olsen, Stine G Vhile, Alemayehu Kidane, Tove Devold, Siv B Skeie","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper addresses the hypothesis that substituting soybean meal with locally produced yeast protein from <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i> in barley-based concentrates for Norwegian Red (NR) dairy cows does not have adverse effects on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, rumen microbiota and sensory quality of milk. As soybeans also represent valuable protein sources for human consumption, alternative protein sources need to be investigated for animal feed. A total of 48 NR dairy cows were allocated into three feeding treatments, with the same basal diet of grass silage, but different concentrates. The concentrates were all based on barley, but 7% of the barley in the barley-concentrate (BAR; negative control) was replaced by either soybean meal (SBM; conventional control) or yeast microbial protein (YEA). The experiment lasted for a total of 10 weeks, including 2 weeks of adaptation with the soybean meal concentrate. Analysis of the feed revealed some differences in the FA composition of the YEA concentrate compared to the SBM and BAR concentrates. In milk, only two FAs (C17:1<i>n</i>-8<i>cis</i>9 and an unidentified isomer of C18:3) were significantly different between the YEA- and SBM-group, while six FAs differed between the BAR- and SBM-group. However, the amount of these FAs was low compared to the entire FA profile (<0.7 g/100 g). The experimental diets did not affect rumen microbiota nor the milk sensory quality. This study shows that <i>C. jadinii</i> can replace soybean meal as a protein source in concentrates (7% inclusion) for NR dairy cows fed a diet composed of grass silage and concentrates without any effects on rumen microbiota, and without compromising the FA composition or sensory quality of milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fibrolytic and amylolytic compound enzyme preparation on rumen fermentation, serum parameters and production performance in primiparous early-lactation dairy cows.","authors":"Zhaokun Liu, Wen Li, Congcong Zhao, Yuanjie Zhang, Yong Li, Lamei Wang, XiaoYong Li, Junhu Yao, Wilbert F Pellikaan, Yangchun Cao","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research communication reports the effects of a compound enzyme preparation consisting of fibrolytic (cellulase 3500 CU/g, xylanase 2000 XU/g, β-glucanase 17 500 GU/g) and amylolytic (amylase 37 000 AU/g) enzymes on nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, serum parameters and production performance in primiparous early-lactation (47 ± 2 d) dairy cows. Twenty Holstein-Friesian cows in similar body condition scores were randomly divided into control (CON, <i>n</i> = 10) and experimental (EXP, <i>n</i> = 10) groups in a completely randomized single-factor design. CON was fed a basal total mixed ration diet and EXP was dietary supplemented with compound enzyme preparation at 70 g/cow/d. The experiment lasted 4 weeks, with 3 weeks for adaptation and then 1 week for measurement. Enzyme supplementation significantly increased diet non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) content as well as dry matter intake (DMI) and NFC intake (<i>P</i> < 0.05). EXP had increased ruminal butyrate and isobutyrate percentages (<i>P</i> < 0.01) but decreased propionate and valerate percentages (<i>P</i> < 0.05), as well as increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin concentration (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Additionally, EXP had increased milk yield (0.97 kg/d), 4% fat corrected milk yield and energy corrected milk yield, as well as milk fat and protein yield (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a fibrolytic and amylolytic compound enzyme preparation increased diet NFC content, DMI and NFC intake, affected rumen fermentation by increasing butyrate proportion at the expense of propionate, and enhanced milk performance in primiparous early-lactation dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical back movement of cows during locomotion: detecting lameness with a simple image processing technique.","authors":"Ibrahim Akin, Yilmaz Kalkan, Yalcin Alper Ozturan","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper proposes a simple image processing technique for automatic lameness detection in dairy cows under farm conditions. Seventy-five cows were selected from a dairy farm and visually assessed for a reference/real lameness score (RLS) as they left the milking parlor, while simultaneously being video-captured. The method employed a designated walking path and video recordings processed through image analysis to derive a new computerized automatic lameness score (ALDS) based on calculated factors from back arch posture. The proposed automatic lameness detection system was calibrated using 12 cows, and the remaining 63 were used to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of the ALDS. The agreement and correlation between ALDS and RLS were investigated. ALDS demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy with 100% sensitivity and specificity and was found to be 100% accurate with a perfect agreement (ρ<i>c</i> = 1) and strong correlation (<i>r</i> = 1, <i>P</i> < 0.001) for lameness detection in binary scores (lame/non-lame). Moreover, the ALDS had a strong agreement (ρ<i>c</i> = 0.885) and was highly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.840; 0.796-1.000 95% confidence interval, <i>P</i> < 0.001) with RLS in ordinal scores (lameness severity; LS1 to LS5). Our findings suggest that the proposed method has the potential to compete with vision-based lameness detection methods in dairy cows in farm conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential utility of RSAD2 transcript and protein in early detection of pregnancy in buffaloes.","authors":"Samridhi Singh, Ratan Kumar Choudhary","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates a novel early pregnancy marker in water buffaloes, focusing on RSAD2 mRNA expression, known to be upregulated by interferon-tau (IFNT) during pregnancy. While RSAD2 is primarily recognized for its antiviral effect, we hypothesized its role as a conceptus-induced component in regulating pregnancy in buffaloes. Given its differential expression compared to other IFNT-induced genes in cows, <i>RSAD2</i> may serve as a biomarker for early pregnancy detection in buffaloes. RNA, cDNA, and plasma samples were obtained from archived samples collected before insemination (d0) and at d20, d25 and d40 after insemination. Twelve RNA samples, having optimal optical density and concentration, from six pregnant and six non-pregnant buffaloes were selected. The cDNA was analyzed to measure the abundance of <i>RSAD2</i> mRNA using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and plasma for protein expression analysis using Western blot. The RT-qPCR analysis showed a transcript of <i>RSAD2</i> increased significantly by 7-fold and 6-fold on d20 and d25, compared to both d0 and d40 in the pregnant group only. At d20, the sensitivity of <i>RSAD2</i> was 100% and the specificity was 83.3%, and at d25-d both the sensitivity and specificity was 100%, indicating low incidences of misdiagnosing early pregnancy in buffaloes. In the non-pregnant group, <i>RSAD2</i> expression remained low and did not change after insemination. Western blot analysis revealed an immunoreactive RSAD2 protein band. Densitometry analysis of the RSAD2-specific protein band, based on gray mean value, showed significantly increased expression of RSAD2 at d25 compared to d0 in the pregnant group. In conclusion, these results indicated that RSAD2 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels show promising potential for detecting pregnancy at d25 post-insemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concentration of free glycerol in goat milk increases during feed restrictions.","authors":"Torben Larsen","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Research Communication introduces a novel enzymatic-fluorometric analytical procedure for glycerol and glycerol 3-phosphate in milk. Milk from thirty-seven goats was analysed during 9 consecutive days during which a two-day feed restriction was introduced. Fractional milk triacylglyceride and free glycerol increased significantly while glycerol 3-phosphate reacted more moderately. The energy status of the mammary cell is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of low and high concentrate supplementation on health and welfare indicators in different breeds in small-scale mountain dairy farms - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Laura Flach, Sarah Kühl, Christian Lambertz, Erica De Monte, Matthias Gauly","doi":"10.1017/S002202992400044X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S002202992400044X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two major bovine milk whey proteins induce distinct responses in IEC-6 intestinal cells.","authors":"Mizuho Inagaki, Midori Nohara, Chihiro Kobayashi, Mayuko Fukuoka, Xijier, Keisuke Matsumura, Kiyomi Ohashi, Haru Enomoto, Tomio Yabe, Yoshihiro Kanamaru","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) are major whey proteins in bovine milk. We studied the effects of these molecules on the intestinal cell response by comparing the native form with the denatured form containing oligomers obtained by treatment with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). We previously reported that proteins in native and TFE-treated forms exhibited cell growth stimulation and cytotoxicity, respectively, in undifferentiated rat crypt IEC-6 and human colon Caco-2 cells. However, neither whey protein showed cytotoxicity even in the TFE-treated form in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Only undifferentiated immature intestinal cells can distinguish between these native and denatured proteins. Moreover, α-LA and β-LG exhibited different oligomer formation characteristics during the TFE treatment. In the present study, we compared the effects of native and TFE-treated whey proteins on IEC-6 cells in more detail. The native forms of both whey proteins exhibited cell proliferative effects in a concentration-dependent manner. For the TFE-treated forms, α-LA showed rapid and potent cytotoxicity, whereas β-LG altered cell responses depending on its concentration and exposure time; lower concentration/shorter exposure and higher concentration/longer exposure induced cell growth stimulation and cytotoxicity, respectively. Pre-treatment of the cell membrane with cholesterol suppressed the effects on the cell response only in TFE-treated β-LG (TFE-β-LG). In a preliminary examination using inhibitors of signal transduction, TFE-treated α-LA acted on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway <i>via</i> Bcl-2-associated X and p53, whereas the action of TFE-LG did not require this pathway. Tyrosine phosphorylation is necessary for the cell proliferation effect of both native whey proteins; however, native α-LA, but not native β-LG, also required activation of the pathway with selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and Janus kinase 2/3. In summary, the two major bovine milk whey proteins induced similar yet discrete responses in undifferentiated intestinal cells. Even when oligomers are formed, β-LG may be much less hazardous to immature intestinal cells than α-LA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Udder health, bacterial isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species from non-dairy goats on smallholder farms in Hong Kong.","authors":"Rachel W H Lau, Fraser I Hill, Kate J Flay","doi":"10.1017/S0022029924000402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029924000402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research article describes an investigation into the udder health, bacterial isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity of three staphylococcal species isolated from the milk of non-dairy goats, suckling their kids, on two smallholder farms in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Udder lesions were visually noted in 21 of 34 goats and two goats had palpable abnormalities. Collected milk samples grew a total of 11 bacterial organisms and the most frequently isolated organism was <i>Staphylococcus chromogenes</i>. Selected isolates of <i>S. aureus, caprae</i> and <i>simulans</i> from both farms were tested by antimicrobial sensitivity testing for 23 antimicrobials and all isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to doxycycline and tetracycline. Less common resistance was shown to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin and rifampicin. This preliminary study confirms the presence of udder lesions and mastitis bacteria in non-dairy goats in Hong Kong, along with the first information on the antimicrobial profile of three common <i>Staphylococcus</i> species bacteria affecting goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15615,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}