Journal of dentistry最新文献

{"title":"CBCT analysis of incisor movement and alveolar bone changes in class two malocclusion treatment with premolar extraction using clear aligner: a retrospective study","authors":"Jiawei Li ,&nbsp;Ruixi Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Yao ,&nbsp;Wen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This retrospective study evaluates alveolar bone remodeling patterns and their association with incisor displacement in adults undergoing clear aligner therapy with premolar extractions for Class II malocclusion correction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 38 maxillary and 37 mandibular incisors were analyzed. Displacement vectors for four anatomical landmarks (cusp tip [C], root apex [R], root neck midpoint [M], labial cementoenamel junction [L]) were quantified. Alveolar bone thickness was measured at mid-root and apical levels. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and multivariate regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-treatment maxillary incisors demonstrated labial bone thickening (+0.36±0.44 mm central; +0.15±0.42 mm lateral) with concurrent palatal bone resorption (-0.43±0.64 mm central; -0.22±0.92 mm lateral, <em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> 0.05). Negative correlations emerged between mid-root thickness of the palatal bone <em>(B2-B2′)</em> at R in central incisors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while lateral incisors showed positive associations between mid-root thickness of labial bone <em>(A2- A2′)</em>and C and M displacements (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Mandibular central incisors showed a negative correlation at the mid-root level with points C, M, R, and L (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01), and a multiple regression highlight between point M and <em>(B2-B2′)</em> (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Differential maxillary-mandibular bone responses to clear aligner mechanics highlight the necessity for torque-optimized aligner designs and CBCT-monitored treatment staging to mitigate excessive resorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106090"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully-guided placement of dental implants utilizing nasopalatine canal fixation in a novel rotational path surgical template design: A retrospective case series","authors":"Scott D. Ganz","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Precise implant placement in the anterior and posterior maxilla often presents challenges due to variable bone and soft tissue anatomy. Many clinicians elect a freehand surgical approach because conventional surgical guides may not always be easy to design, fabricate, or utilize. Guided surgery has been proven to have advantages over freehand surgical protocols and therefore, the present study proposed utilizing the nasopalatine canal (NPC) as an anatomical reference and point of fixation for a novel rotational path surgical template during computer-aided implant surgery (CAIS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present digital workflow combined artificial intelligence (AI) facilitated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software bone segmentation of the maxillary arch to assess the NPC and surrounding hard tissues, to design and fabricate static surgical guides to precisely place implants. After rotational engagement of the maxillary buccal undercuts, each novel surgical guide incorporated the NPC for fixation with a single pin to achieve initial stability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>22 consecutive patients requiring maxillary reconstruction received 123 implants (7 fully and 15 partially edentulous) utilizing a fully-guided surgical protocol to complete 4 overdenture and 18 full-arch fixed restorations. 12 patients required extensive maxillary bone augmentation before implant placement. 13 patients required delayed loading based on bone density and 9 patients were restoratively loaded within 24 to 96 h post-surgery, accomplished with the use of photogrammetry for the fabrication of 3D-printed restorations. The initial implant success rate was 98.37 % and 100 % initial prosthetic success. The use of the NPC for fixation of surgical guides did not result in any neurovascular post-operative complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The novel template concept can improve surgical outcomes using a bone-borne template design for implant-supported rehabilitation of the partial and fully edentulous maxillary arch. Preliminary case series confirmed controlled placement accuracy with limited risk of neurovascular complications for full-arch overdenture and fixed restorations.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>NPC is a vital maxillary anatomic landmark for implant planning, with an expanded role for the stabilization of novel surgical guide designs due to advancements in AI bone segmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 106085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of occlusal adjustment on the clinical performance of resin composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial","authors":"Jullyana Mayara Preizner Dezanetti Hermeling ,&nbsp;Brenda Giselle Sanchez Leyton ,&nbsp;Sergio Aparecido Ignacio ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Nunes Rached ,&nbsp;Evelise Machado de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of a conventional and flowable composite resin in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs), with and without occlusal adjustment, over a period of up to 18 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen participants with abfraction lesions and occlusal interferences were recruited. A total of 145 teeth with NCCL were divided into four groups: FWA (flowable composite with occlusal adjustment), FNA (flowable composite without occlusal adjustment), CWA (conventional composite with occlusal adjustment), and CNA (conventional composite without occlusal adjustment). Two independent examiners evaluated the restorations at 7 days, 6, 12, and 18 months, according to the modified USPHS and the FDI criteria. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Friedman tests were used (α=5%).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two restorations of CWA were considered clinically unacceptable due to loss of retention after 18 months. At 6 months, FWA showed a significantly higher index of marginal staining compared to CNA (p=0.000), FNA (p=0.001), and CWA (p=0.015) following USPHS criteria. Using FDI, in 6 months, marginal staining scores were significantly higher in the FWA group compared to CNA (p=0.000), FNA (p=0.001), and CWA (p=0.001), and at 12 months between the FNA and CWA (p=0.005). Abfraction recurrence assessed with FDI at 18 months was significantly higher in the CNA compared to CWA (p=0.004), FWA (p=0.005), and FNA (p=0.031).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After 18 months, both conventional and flowable resin composites performed clinically well, although the flowable resin showed higher marginal discoloration rates. Conventional composites should be avoided when occlusal balance cannot be fully achieved, to minimize the risk of recurrent abfraction lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance</h3><div>The diagnosis and treatment of occlusal interferences may influence the clinical longevity of restorations with conventional composite resin in abfraction lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106084"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking deep learning-designed inlay restorations across operator experience: An in vitro comparison of time efficiency, contact intensity, and contour quality","authors":"Jun-Ho Cho ,&nbsp;Hyung-In Yoon ,&nbsp;Burak Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Martin Schimmel","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the performance of a deep learning (DL)-based workflow for designing inlays, in terms of time efficiency, contact intensity, and contour quality, by comparing it with human-based workflows. The impact of operator experience was also assessed to examine whether the DL-based workflow could reduce experience-related variability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 25 digital scans of maxillary and mandibular arches, including posterior abutments prepared for mesial-occlusal (MO) or distal-occlusal (DO) cavities, were used to design inlays using five different workflows. Two conventional human-based workflows were used for the controls: one by a master-level user (CM) and one by a beginner-level user (CB). A commercial DL-based workflow was tested in three distinct forms: as-generated (TD), optimized by the master-level user (TDM), and optimized by the beginner-level user (TDB). The workflows were compared using evaluation metrics including time efficiency, occlusal and proximal contact intensity, and overall contour quality. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the chi-square test were used to detect statistical differences among the groups. Post hoc analyses were performed using Dunn’s test and analysis of standardized residuals (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The design time varied significantly among the groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with TD showing a significantly shorter time than CM (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), except between CM and TDB. Significant differences in occlusal and proximal contact intensities were observed among groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Regarding operator experience, occlusal contact intensity differed significantly between TDM and TDB (<em>P</em> = 0.003), and proximal contact intensity between CM and CB (<em>P</em> = 0.002). Contour quality also differed across workflows (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001); however, no significant difference was found between CM and CB (<em>P</em> = 0.470) or between TDM and TDB (<em>P</em> = 0.059).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DL-based workflows may complement operator experience by improving time efficiency and reducing variability between technicians. Significant differences were observed in time efficiency, contact intensity, and contour quality across workflows, though human expertise remains crucial for both quantitative and qualitative outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Compared to conventional human-based design workflows, DL-based design workflows may enhance time efficiency and reduce skill disparities among technicians of varying experience levels. However, operator experience remains essential for achieving optimal clinical outcomes, including favorable occlusal and proximal contacts and optimal contour in posterior inlays designed to restore occlusal and proximal surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser applications in peri-implantitis therapy: A narrative review","authors":"Georgios E. Romanos ,&nbsp;Nathan E. Estrin","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction/Objectives:</em> The treatment of peri-implantitis remains one of the most challenging areas in implant dentistry, with no universally accepted gold standards for long-term disease resolution. As the prevalence of peri-implantitis continues to rise with increased implant placement, the need for predictable and effective therapies becomes increasingly critical. Laser-assisted treatment has emerged as a promising modality in surgical and non-surgical management of peri-implant diseases due to its ability to decontaminate the implant surface, reduce the bacterial load, and debride bone defects. <em>Data/Sources:</em> An electronic search utilizing terms related to “peri-implantitis” and “dental lasers” was conducted via PubMed and Google scholar with a focus on highly cited articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and review articles as well as the authors personal experiences. This review does not follow PRISMA guidelines or include risk-of-bias analysis due to its narrative format. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the current available literature on laser therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis, with a focus on how clinical outcomes vary according to laser type, wavelength, power settings, and the use of adjunctive phototherapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM).</div><div><em>Conclusions:</em> While there is significant limitation in the clinical evidence available, thus far the literature suggests potential use of Erbium and CO₂ wavelengths as an adjunct in peri-implantitis therapy, while the existing evidence against the use of the Nd:YAG-laser on implant surfaces. The evidence is inconclusive regarding the use of diode lasers including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Photobiomodulation (PBM), and as the field of dental lasers continues to develop, specific power settings and standardized protocols will emerge and continuously improve. <em>Clinical Significance:</em> The paper demonstrates possibilities of phototherapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis and highlights opportunities of treatment based on the limitations of available evidence with mechanisms for each laser wavelength and their interactions with the peri-implant tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106081"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of MMP activity and preservation of dentin collagen structure of zinc-releasing glass ionomer cement","authors":"Elseoudy Nader ,&nbsp;Sanon Kittisak ,&nbsp;Hiraishi Noriko ,&nbsp;Tagami Junji ,&nbsp;Shimada Yasushi","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the ability of a novel zinc-releasing glass ionomer cement (GIC), Caredyne Restore (CR), to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and preserve dentin collagen integrity, compared with a conventional GIC (Fuji IX, FIX) and chlorhexidine (CHX), a widely used MMP inhibitor.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Demineralized bovine dentin beams were allocated to four groups: deionized water (negative control), CHX (positive control), FIX eluate, and CR eluate. MMP Activity was assessed before and after treatment using a colorimetric assay. Dentin matrix degradation was evaluated by measuring dry mass loss over 21 days in simulated body fluid and collagen fragment release after one week using Sirius Red staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CR exhibited the greatest reduction in MMP activity (65.5 %), significantly higher than FIX (44.8 %, <em>p</em> = 0.02) and comparable to CHX (61 %). CR also demonstrated the lowest cumulative dry mass loss (4 %), significantly less than the control (45.8 %, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and FIX (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and comparable to CHX (13 %). Collagen fragment release was significantly reduced in the CR group (32.5 %) relative to the control (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), comparable to CHX (27.7 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CR demonstrated significant inhibition of MMP activity and effective preservation of dentin matrix integrity compared to a conventional GIC.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>The use of CR may help protect dentin collagen from enzymatic degradation, potentially improving the durability and longevity of restorations in caries-affected dentin, especially in cases with a high risk of secondary caries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106082"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of topical fluoride application in the arrest of root carious lesions of adults and elderly patients: A systematic review with network meta-analysis","authors":"Júlia Macluf Torres ,&nbsp;Guilherme Azario de Holanda ,&nbsp;Yorrana Martins Corrêa ,&nbsp;Tamara Kerber Tedesco ,&nbsp;Anelise Fernandes Montagner","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review evaluated the most effective strategy for the topical application of fluoride in arresting active root caries lesions in adults and elderly patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults or elderly patients who presented carious lesions on the root surface of permanent teeth and were exposed to any strategy for the topical application of fluoride. The outcome considered was the arrest of root carious lesions. The risk of bias assessment was performed with the RoB 2.0 tool. Network (NMA) and pairwise meta-analyses were performed for a follow-up of 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen RCTs were included in the review. Three studies (907 teeth) were included in the NMA for a 6-month follow-up. All strategies (Conventional dentifrice - CD, High concentration dentifrice - HCD, Dentifrice with ingredient addition – DIA) showed the highest efficacy for caries lesion arrestment than NAC (non-fluoride dentifrice). On the other hand, no difference was observed between CD vs. HCD and HCD vs. DIA. DIA showed higher efficacy for caries lesion arrestment than CD. Among the 13 RCTs included, two studies present an overall high risk of bias, and the majority (<em>n</em> = 11) presented some concerns. The certainty of evidence was graded from low to very low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fluoride dentifrices, regardless of formulation, were more effective than non-fluoride controls in arresting active root carious lesions in adults and elderly patients at 6 months. Dentifrices with added active ingredients (DIA) showed the highest probability of being the most effective strategy. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the low to very low certainty of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>This study reinforces the importance of recommending fluoride-containing dentifrices in clinical practice for managing active root caries lesions, particularly in adults and elderly patients. Dentifrice with ingredient addition (DIA) showed the highest efficacy compared to conventional dentifrice and suggests that the addition of specific ingredients (e.g., arginine, stannous fluoride) may enhance the anticaries effect of fluoride.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106072"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of periodontal regeneration using biologic agents alone or in combination with graft materials for intrabony defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nicola Alberto Valente ,&nbsp;Claudia Pileri ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Floris ,&nbsp;Nicola Carrus ,&nbsp;Zuhair Natto ,&nbsp;Marco Clementini","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review with meta-analysis investigated whether combining bone grafts with biologic agents enhances clinical outcomes compared to biologic agents alone in the regenerative treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to December 18, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Manual screening of major periodontal journals complemented the search.</div></div><div><h3>Study selection</h3><div>Randomized controlled trials with ≥6 months follow-up were included if they compared biologic agents alone (e.g., enamel matrix derivative, platelet-rich fibrin, recombinant growth factors) to their combination with bone grafts in the treatment of intrabony defects. Primary outcomes were probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, and radiographic bone level (RBL) gain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-one RCTs (739 patients, 828 defects) met inclusion criteria. Combination therapy resulted in significantly greater PPD reduction (mean difference: 0.38 mm; <em>p</em> = 0.02) and RBL gain (0.81 mm; <em>p</em> = 0.003). CAL gain showed a favorable but non-significant trend (0.30 mm; <em>p</em> = 0.22). Gingival recession was slightly lower in the graft group, while BoP and PI were unaffected. Subgroup analyses suggested that PRF and growth factors derive more benefit from grafting, whereas enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) offered comparable outcomes with or without grafts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Limited yet measurable improvements in regenerative outcomes are obtained with the addition of graft materials to PRF and growth factors, while EMD seems to yield comparable outcomes regardless of grafting.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>These findings suggest that while grafting can enhance certain clinical parameters, its added value may depend on the specific biologic agent used, supporting a selective rather than systematic use in periodontal regenerative procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared laser-activated PLGA-PDA core-shell nanohybrids for synergistic photothermal antibacterial therapy and sustained ion release in orthodontic white spot lesions prevention","authors":"Zezhou Feng ,&nbsp;Yujiang Liu ,&nbsp;Silu Sun ,&nbsp;Minmin Si ,&nbsp;Di Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop near-infrared (NIR) laser-activated PLGA–PDA core–shell nanohybrids encapsulating Ag/CuO nanoparticles for simultaneous photothermal antibacterial therapy and sustained Ag⁺/Cu²⁺ release, and to evaluate their bactericidal efficacy against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and preventive potential in orthodontic white spot lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ag/CuO nanoparticles were encapsulated in PLGA/PDA nanospheres via a double‐emulsion and self‐polymerization approach. The resulting core–shell particles were fully characterized for composition, size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, photothermal performance, release kinetics, and cytocompatibility. Finally, we assessed their bactericidal efficacy under NIR laser irradiation against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and evaluated their potential to prevent orthodontic white‐spot lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Synthesized Ag/CuO<img>NPs@PLGA/PDA nanoparticles exhibit uniform nanoscale distribution and stable zeta potential. Upon 0.5 W 980-nm NIR irradiation, the photoresponsive polydopamine coating rapidly converts light to thermal energy, enabling sustained antibacterial drug release for 16 days. This confers potent bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans, effectively preventing orthodontic white spot lesions. Crucially, in vivo analysis demonstrates near-absent IL-6 expression with polarized VEGF/TGF-β upregulation, enhancing anti-inflammatory responses while promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Histopathological examination of major organs reveals no significant inflammation, confirming systemic biocompatibility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Triggered by brief near-infrared irradiation (0.5 W), Ag/CuO<img>NPs@PLGA/PDA sustained-release microspheres enable controlled drug release that effectively suppresses both Streptococcus mutans planktonic cells and dental plaque biofilm formation, thereby preventing orthodontic white spot lesions. Furthermore, these microspheres significantly attenuate wound-site inflammation, accelerate tissue regeneration, and demonstrate excellent biocompatibility.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>The Ag/CuO<img>NPs@PLGA/PDA core–shell nanohybrids reported here can be readily formulated into antimicrobial coatings for orthodontic adhesives or clear aligner surfaces. Upon occasional NIR activation, they deliver a localized photothermal “burst” together with sustained Ag⁺/Cu²⁺ release, achieving potent, on-demand eradication of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> while preserving surrounding tissues. By integrating this dual-mode defense into routine appliances, clinicians may substantially reduce the incidence of white spot lesions without compromising bonding strength or biocompatibility, ultimately improving treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in evaluating the analgesic effects of photobiomodulation in dentistry: A narrative review","authors":"Jessica Joanna Zachar,&nbsp;Peter Reher,&nbsp;Sobia Zafar,&nbsp;Laurence James Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this narrative review is to explore the challenges and limitations in the methodologies for evaluating the analgesic effects of photobiomodulation in dentistry.</div></div><div><h3>Study selection, data &amp; sources</h3><div>The literature published up to April 2025 in the English language was sourced from online databases and reference lists; search engines included Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar; the relevance of papers was discussed by two reviewers; and a total of 42 publications were included in this narrative review. If there was disagreement between the two reviewers, a third one moderated the selection process.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Photobiomodulation has emerged as an alternative to traditional pharmacological analgesia in dentistry. Both lasers and light-emitting diodes can be used to modulate cellular responses, showing promising results for pain reduction in the oral cavity, particularly in the dental pulp and mucosal soft tissues. However, evaluating analgesic effects remains challenging due to variations in light sources, parameters, delivery modes, and target sites. Additionally, inconsistencies in study methodologies such as pain assessments, placebo effects, pain conditioning, and the presence of non-responders further complicate interpretation. Other variables, such as differences between hard and soft tissues, also contribute to variability.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Photobiomodulation (PBM) shows promising potential as a non-invasive analgesic approach in dentistry. However, its integration into clinical practice remains uncertain due to variability in study methodologies, inconsistent reporting of treatment parameters, and a lack of standardized outcome measures. Consequently, the clinical significance of PBM results can vary widely, ranging from meaningful analgesic effects in some studies to minimal or non-significant effects in others. The absence of standardized PBM guidelines in dentistry continues to be a major barrier to its consistent implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 106077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}