Journal of dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Comparative impact of manual and electric toothbrushing on acid-eroded enamel","authors":"S.P. Jadeja,&nbsp;R.S. Austin,&nbsp;D. Bartlett","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the enamel wear resulting from manual and electric toothbrushing following acid erosion, using natural human enamel specimens. The study aimed to quantify both surface tissue loss and subsurface prism alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four caries-free extracted human molars were decoronated and sectioned to expose natural buccal enamel surfaces. Samples were divided into two groups (manual vs electric) and subjected to four cycles of citric acid erosion (pH 2.7) followed by controlled brushing (30 strokes per cycle, total 120) using a non-fluoridated toothpaste slurry. Brushing force was standardised to 290–295g. Step height changes were measured via non-contact laser profilometry, and enamel prism alterations were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro–Wilk test (normality), two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post hoc test (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Electric toothbrushes caused significantly greater enamel wear compared to manual brushes across all erosion-abrasion intervals (p &lt; 0.0001). Mean step height increased from 1.38(0.42) µm to 3.65(0.39) µm for manual brushing and from 1.71(0.22) µm to 5.13(0.28) µm for electric brushing. SEM revealed deeper subsurface prism deformation (30–50 µm) in manual samples, whereas electric samples exhibited shallower changes (10–15 µm) with a ∼10 µm interface gap.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Electric toothbrushes resulted in significantly more surface enamel loss on acid-eroded natural teeth compared to manual toothbrushes. The nature of subsurface changes differed by brushing mode, with implications for the mechanical impact of brush types on compromised enamel.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Brushing technique and toothbrush type influence the extent of enamel wear on eroded surfaces. These findings underscore the importance of tailored oral hygiene advice, particularly for individuals with dietary acid exposure or early signs of erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and mineralising properties of silver complex fluoride on enamel caries: An in vitro study","authors":"Grace Y Xu ,&nbsp;Iris X Yin ,&nbsp;Irene S Zhao ,&nbsp;Christie YK Lung ,&nbsp;Edward CM Lo ,&nbsp;Chun Hung Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and mineralising effects of silver complex fluoride (SCF) on enamel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sound human enamel blocks were prepared and subjected to Streptococcus mutans–induced demineralisation to create artificial caries. Blocks were treated with SCF, 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), or deionised water and underwent a 21-day pH-cycling. Biofilm morphology, viability, and quantification were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. Remineralisation effects were assessed by SEM, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Knoop microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM images showed dense bacterial biofilm on water-treated enamel, but minimal growth on SCF- or SDF-treated surfaces. CLSM indicated higher dead/live cell ratios in SCF (0.75 ± 0.22) and SDF (0.83 ± 0.25) groups than water (0.43 ± 0.22; p &lt; 0.001). Log CFU values for SCF, SDF, and water were 6.90 ± 0.09, 6.74 ± 0.23, and 7.78 ± 0.13, respectively (p &lt; 0.001, SCF, SDF &lt; Water). Lesion depths (μm) were 91 ± 36, 89 ± 24, and 186 ± 34 (p &lt; 0.001; SCF, SDF &lt; Water), while mineral loss (gHA pcm⁻³) was 0.43 ± 0.13, 0.40 ± 0.14, and 1.32 ± 0.21 (p &lt; 0.001; SCF, SDF &lt; Water) for SCF, SDF, and water, respectively. Knoop hardness was significantly higher in SCF (70 ± 2) and SDF (72 ± 7) than water (25 ± 6; p &lt; 0.05). XRD confirmed well-crystallised hydroxyapatite in SCF- and SDF-treated enamel but not in water-treated samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SCF demonstrates antibacterial and mineralising properties comparable to SDF.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Adoption of SCF may expand silver-based caries prevention by improving patient acceptance without compromising appearance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106534"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and accuracy of a partial point cloud registration method for transoral robot-assisted surgery of zygoma fracture: A phantom study","authors":"Hangyu Liu ,&nbsp;Bimeng Jie ,&nbsp;Chunheng Lu ,&nbsp;Haoliang Chen ,&nbsp;Junchen Wang ,&nbsp;Yang He","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To propose a novel registration method based on partial point cloud registration for transoral robot-assisted zygoma fracture surgery and validate its accuracy via a phantom study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study comprised two validation phases. 1) Feasibility of partial zygomatic surface point cloud registration. Forty sets of normal CT data were selected from an established normative database. After segmentation and 3D reconstruction of zygoma, point clouds from different exposure ranges on the zygomatic bone surface (Group A: Full Zygomatic Bone Outer Surface; Group B: Area Below Infraorbital Margin; and Group C: Area Below Infraorbital Foramen.) were extracted and registered to the intact zygoma using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The Fiducial Registration Error (FRE) was computed for each group. 2) Accuracy of partial point cloud registration: 10 pre-operative CT scans of zygomatic fractures were selected. Registration using fiducial markers served as the control (Group A). Using a self-developed and previously validated binocular vision camera and probe, point clouds of different exposure range (Group B1, B2, and B3) on the zygomatic bone surface were collected and registered using ICP algorithm. The accuracy of partial point cloud registration for different zygomatic bone surface areas was comparatively evaluated using both FRE and Target Registration Error (TRE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Feasibility of partial zygomatic surface point cloud registration: The FRE for Group A, B, and C was 0.16 ± 0.16 mm, 0.18 ± 0.14 mm and 0.22 ± 0.13 mm (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Accuracy of partial point cloud registration: The TRE for Group A, B1, B2, and B3 was 0.47 ± 0.17 mm, 0.70 ± 0.17 mm, 0.70 ± 0.17 mm, 0.86 ± 0.24 mm. (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The proposed method, based on partial point cloud registration, demonstrated both accuracy and feasibility, offering a foundation for future advancements in transoral robot-assisted surgery of zygoma fracture.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>For transoral robotic-assisted zygoma reduction, the most crucial part is to enable the robot to accurately localize bone fragments following limited surgical exposure. The innovative registration approach based on partial point cloud registration has been proven to possess both accuracy and feasibility, which lays a solid foundation for the future development of transoral robot-assisted surgical techniques in the treatment of zygomatic fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical validation of an automated zygomatic implant planning system: An international multicenter study","authors":"Wenying Wang ,&nbsp;Haitao Li ,&nbsp;Feng Wang ,&nbsp;James Chow ,&nbsp;Rubén Davó ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Chen ,&nbsp;Baoxin Tao ,&nbsp;Yiqun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To validate the performance of a novel automated zygomatic implant (ZI) planning tool (Zygoplanner) in an international multicenter cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans from 69 patients (276 ZIs) who underwent quad zygomatic implant surgery were retrospectively analyzed using Zygoplanner. Automated ZI plans generated by Zygoplanner were compared with the corresponding clinically placed implants. The comparison metrics included three-dimensional bone-to-implant contact (3D-BIC), Zygoma Anatomy-Guided Approach (ZAGA) classification, safety distances to the orbital rim and the inferior border of the zygoma, inter-implant spacing, surgeon subjective assessments, and a blinded Turing test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with clinically-proved manual plans, Zygoplanner-based automated ZI plans achieved significantly higher 3D-BIC values (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In the internal dataset, automated plans showed slightly shorter orbital rim distances (4.51 vs 5.71 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.022) but significantly greater distances to the inferior zygomatic border (8.21 vs 7.20 mm, <em>p</em> = 0.015). In the external dataset, Zygoplanner demonstrated significantly larger inter-implant spacing (3.01 vs 1.18 mm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Despite these differences, ZAGA classifications remained consistent between both groups. Subjective evaluations by experienced surgeons yielded high scores for stability (4.63/5), feasibility (4.51/5), and safety (4.25/5). In the blinded Turing test, Zygoplanner-generated plans were identified as human expert in 65.2 % of cases, significantly exceeds the 50 % random guessing threshold (<em>p</em> = 0.0075).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Zygoplanner automatically generates clinically acceptable quad ZI plans with improved 3D-BIC, which effectively reduces the planning complexity and facilitates better preoperative ZI planning.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Zygoplanner shows strong potential to automate and standardize quad zygomatic implant planning, thereby improving surgical predictability and safety while simplifying the planning workflow. Its automated workflow supports more consistent outcomes and may broaden access to advanced zygomatic implant rehabilitation for patients with edentulous maxillae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over-the-counter whitening strips: Evaluation of color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration into a pulp chamber","authors":"Emanuel Adriano Hul ,&nbsp;Michael Willian Favoreto ,&nbsp;Laryssa Mylenna Madruga Barbosa ,&nbsp;Deisy Cristina Ferreira Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Gomes Centenaro ,&nbsp;Christiane Philippini Ferreira Borges ,&nbsp;Alessandra Reis ,&nbsp;Alessandro D. Loguercio","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the color change (CC) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration into the pulp chamber of extracted teeth subjected to different commercial whitening strips, as well as the pH stability and surface morphology induced by these products.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Ninety-six premolars were randomly allocated into six groups: (1) NC, negative control (no bleaching); (2) UP, Up&amp;Up™ Timeless White Whitening Strips; (3) LX, Lumineux® Whitening Strips; (4) CT, Crest® 3DWhitestrips™; (5) WG, Walgreens® Ultra Whitening Strips; and (6) PC, positive control (6% HP, FGM WhiteClass). CC was measured using digital spectrophotometry before treatment and 14 days post-bleaching (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE_ab, ΔE_00,and ΔWI_D). HP penetration into the pulp chamber was analyzed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, pH stability was measured with a pH meter, and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PC, CT, and UP showed higher ΔE_ab, ΔE₀₀, and ΔWI_D values than LX and NC. Color change was mainly driven by reductions in Δb*. HP was detected in the pulp chamber of PC, CT, and UP, with the highest levels in PC; no HP was detected in LX and NC. Only LX maintained stable pH. SEM analysis showed preserved enamel surface morphology in all groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HP–containing whitening strips promoted clinically relevant color changes with lower pulp chamber penetration than the at-home bleaching gel, despite a pH decrease. Peroxide-free strips were ineffective and showed no HP penetration.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Over-the-counter whitening strips vary in effectiveness and biological behavior according to their composition. HP-containing strips may offer effective whitening with a more conservative diffusion profile, while peroxide-free products may not achieve clinically meaningful results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of developmental defects of enamel and differential diagnosis from dental caries using quantitative light-induced fluorescence technology: A cross-sectional investigation","authors":"Seong Joon Lee ,&nbsp;Hyung-Jun Choi ,&nbsp;Jaeho Lee ,&nbsp;Je Seon Song ,&nbsp;Ko Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Chung-Min Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Dental caries and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are common conditions that impact oral health. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) is widely used for detecting dental caries, but its ability to identify DDE remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate fluorescence differences among sound, carious, and DDE-affected teeth using QLF, and to differentiate white hypomineralization from incipient caries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 704 teeth in 137 patients under 20 years old were analyzed. QLF images were acquired, and fluorescence parameters were measured. Statistical tests included Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, Linear mixed-effects models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ΔF values progressively decreased and ΔR values increased from sound to DDE-affected to carious teeth (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Within DDE, fluorescence changes differed significantly according to defect subtype, with combined defects showing the greatest mineral loss and bacterial activity (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 for ΔF, <em>p</em> = 0.008 for ΔR). White hypomineralization showed higher ΔF values and lower ΔR values than yellow/brown hypomineralization (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Significant fluorescence differences were observed between white hypomineralization and International Caries Detection and Assessment System scores 1 and 2 lesions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis revealed excellent accuracy for distinguishing white hypomineralization from incipient caries, with areas under the curve of 0.970 for ΔF mean and 0.979 for ΔR mean. The optimal cutoff values were −7.65 for ΔF mean and 23.50 for ΔR mean, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>QLF provides effective quantitative support for differentiating DDE from incipient caries.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Quantitative light-induced fluorescence provides objective parameters for differentiating developmental defects of enamel from incipient dental caries. By offering quantitative cutoff values, this approach supports more accurate diagnosis of clinically ambiguous white spot lesions, reduces the risk of overtreatment, and facilitates prevention-oriented and minimally invasive treatment planning in routine dental practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial aging-induced changes in surface properties of experimental bioactive glass-containing composites","authors":"Matej Par ,&nbsp;Andrea Gubler ,&nbsp;Danijela Marovic ,&nbsp;Zrinka Tarle ,&nbsp;Thomas Attin ,&nbsp;Tobias T. Tauböck","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine how artificial aging affects microhardness (MH), surface roughness (Ra), and surface micromorphology of experimental bioactive glass (BG)-containing resin composites functionalized with either conventional BG 45S5 (C-series) or a low-sodium fluoride-containing BG (F-series).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven experimental composites were prepared (Control; 5, 10, 20 wt% BG within each series; total filler load 70 wt%) based on a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (60:40) resin matrix. Light-cured composite specimens were aged in simulated body fluid (SBF, pH 7.4), lactic acid solution (LA, pH 4.0), ethanol/water solution (75% EtOH), 0.1 M NaOH solution (pH 13.0), or thermocycled 10,000 cycles (5–55°C). MH and Ra were measured at baseline, 1, 3, 7, and 30 days, and specimen surfaces were examined by SEM/EDS. Ultrasonication was used to remove loosely bound surface deposits, after which MH, Ra, and SEM/EDS were re-measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MH degradation ranked SBF&lt;LA&lt;EtOH&lt; NaOH. In the C-series, MH declined with increasing content of BG 45S5 under all aging conditions. In contrast, the F-series (5–20 wt%) maintained MH values statistically similar to Control in SBF, LA, EtOH, and after thermocycling. Ra increased for BG-containing materials in SBF, LA, EtOH, and after thermocycling, whereas NaOH significantly increased Ra for all materials, including Control. After ultrasonication, all F-series Ra values were below 0.2 µm, indicating clinically acceptable surface smoothness. SEM analysis showed apatite-like precipitates in SBF, dissolution pits in LA, interfacial cracking and occasional particle detachment in EtOH, and extensive filler loss with pronounced erosion in NaOH.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Under accelerated aging, F-BG composites maintained MH and clinically acceptable smoothness more reliably than 45S5 formulations, with limited roughening under neutral and mildly acidic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Composites with low-sodium fluoride-containing BG maintained microhardness comparable to the control composite and post-ultrasonication roughness below 0.2 µm, supporting their potential as ion-releasing restoratives with clinically acceptable surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between single point aMMP8 levels and previous periodontal disease progression – a long-term follow-up after 10 years in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis","authors":"Sophie Gänesch ,&nbsp;Caspar Victor Bumm ,&nbsp;Florian Nagler ,&nbsp;Christina Ern ,&nbsp;Richard Heym ,&nbsp;Iris Frasheri ,&nbsp;Thomas Spinell ,&nbsp;Charlotte Wetzel ,&nbsp;Julia Diegelmann ,&nbsp;Vinay Pitchika ,&nbsp;Falk Schwendicke ,&nbsp;Nils Werner ,&nbsp;Matthias Folwaczny","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To investigate the association of active matrix-metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in total oral fluid (TOF), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal disease progression in the last 10 years in a cohort of patients with stage III/IV periodontitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>47 patients receiving steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy with an observation period of over 10 years were included. Levels of current aMMP-8 in TOF, GCF and serum were determined at a single point at the ten-year follow-up. Past periodontal disease progression was characterized by clinical attachment loss over 10 years. For statistical analysis, linear regression models along with binary logistic regression models to analyze the progression rate based on age, gender, smoking, diabetes, full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and T2 aMMP-8 levels were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At T2, the median patient age was 73 years [67; 79], with a mean attachment loss of 1.5 mm [1.0; 2.1] over the observation period. aMMP-8 levels did not differ between patients with mild and moderate disease progression. In multivariate linear regression, aMMP-8 levels were not associated with mean attachment loss. In contrast, sex, non-smoking status, and FMBS showed significant associations with past progression. Classification models for GCF and serum aMMP-8 expression yielded the highest accuracy (ROC = 0.80) for the binary assessment into mild and moderate progression, although this did not differ significantly from the model based on covariates alone (ROC = 0.75).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current aMMP-8 levels determined at a single point were not associated with past periodontal disease progression during a 10-year period. Clinical factors such as sex, non-smoking status, and FMBS showed a stronger association with past progression.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Significance</h3><div>Biomarkers might improve the precision of periodontal diagnosis and monitoring; however, evidence is limited regarding their association with disease progression. Active-MMP-8 has gained increasing interest in recent years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-view deep learning for mandibular landmark localization","authors":"Zixiang Gao ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Zichong An ,&nbsp;Yujia Zhu ,&nbsp;Aonan Wen ,&nbsp;Xiangling Fu ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Yijiao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Accurate localization of anatomical landmarks on the mandible is crucial for maxillofacial surgery and orthodontic treatment planning. This study aims to develop and validate a novel multi-view deep learning framework to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of landmark localization on CBCT-derived 3D mandibular surface models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We propose a multi-view stacked hourglass convolutional neural network (MVSH-CNN) that localizes 19 anatomical landmarks on 3D mandibular surface models reconstructed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. A total of 140 mandibular scans from adult Han Chinese individuals were used, with 100 cases for training/validation and 40 cases (20 normal, 20 asymmetry) for independent testing. Manual annotations served as the reference standard. Localization performance was compared with the MeshMonk non-rigid registration method using Euclidean distance error and computational time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MVSH-CNN achieved a mean localization error of 1.13 ± 0.85 mm in the normal group and 1.10 ± 0.79 mm in the asymmetry group, significantly outperforming MeshMonk (1.42 ± 1.28 mm and 1.43 ± 1.14 mm, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Processing time per mandible was reduced from 356 s to 19.65 s. Over 94% of landmarks localized by MVSH-CNN had an error &lt; 2 mm, meeting the predefined clinical threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The MVSH-CNN framework provides accurate, robust, and time-efficient semi-automated 3D landmark localization directly on STL-based mandibular models, outperforming conventional registration-based approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>MVSH-CNN offers a semi-automated and clinically viable solution for digital orthodontic assessment, virtual surgical planning, and intelligent craniofacial analysis, significantly reducing manual workload while enhancing reproducibility and standardization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative radiation-free method for assessing the accuracy of robotic computer-assisted implant surgery: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Rongrong Zhu ,&nbsp;Longlong He ,&nbsp;Qin Zhou ,&nbsp;Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Chang ,&nbsp;Ningbo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the accuracy of implant placement performed using robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) by comparing postoperative measurements obtained via intraoral scanning (IOS) with those derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employed a cross-sectional design. All patients received a preoperative CBCT and IOS for surgical planning and registration. All the surgeries were performed using r-CAIS. Postoperative CBCT and IOS datasets were acquired for each patient and superimposed on the preoperative datasets to assess deviations between planned and actual implant positions. Paired t-tests were used to analyze differences between the two assessment modalities, with statistical significance defined as <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. Agreement between the two methods was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-four implants in twenty-seven patients were included. Global coronal, global apical, and angular deviations measured using the IOS method were 0.59 ± 0.23 mm, 0.66 ± 0.24 mm, and 1.28 ± 0.69°, respectively, compared with 0.59 ± 0.24 mm, 0.63 ± 0.25 mm, and 1.19 ± 0.70° measured by the CBCT method. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two modalities (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05, respectively). ICCs for global coronal, global apical, and angular deviations were 0.911, 0.886, and 0.856, respectively. Bland–Altman analyses further confirmed excellent agreement between the two methods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both IOS and CBCT methods demonstrated comparable accuracy and good agreement in r-CAIS.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Postoperative IOS method may serve as a reliable and radiation-free alternative to CBCT for assessing implant placement accuracy in r-CAIS in patients with a single missing tooth or two consecutive missing teeth. In future, multicenter randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are warranted to further validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dentistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}