Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Digital Imaging of Peripheral Blood Smear With MC-80 as a Screening Tool for Thalassemia.","authors":"Peempol Chokchaipermpoonphol, Satana Lamtanthong, Sathaporn Nokkaew","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, poses significant global health challenges, emphasizing the importance of accurate screening methods. Traditional diagnostic tools, such as osmotic fragility and dichlorophenolindophenol tests, along with blood indices, such as mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, have limitations. Digital microscopy of peripheral blood smears is a promising alternative for objective quantification and standardization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from 81 thalassemia screening-negative and 41 screening-positive individuals were analyzed using Mindray MC-80 Digital Morphology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-classification of red blood cell (RBC) morphology using Mindray MC-80 revealed significant differences between the screening-positive and screening-negative groups. Various RBC morphologies demonstrated statistically significant variance, including hypochromic cells, schistocytes, elliptocytes, target cells, teardrop cells (p < 0.001), and ovalocytes (p = 0.002). However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of these parameters was < 0.8, indicating a limited discriminatory power.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RBC morphology showed promise in detecting subtle changes associated with thalassemia. However, it may not be sufficient for accurate screening alone, highlighting the need for complementary diagnostic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e25135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Prognostic Value of Glomerular Filtration Rate, Serum Cystatin C, Beta-2-Microglobulin and Albuminuria for Death and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.","authors":"Isis Cerezo, Barbara Cancho, Jorge Alberto Rodriguez Sabillon, Alberto Jorge, Alvaro Alvarez Lopez, Julian Valladares, Juan Lopez Gomez, Jorge Romero, Nicolas Roberto Robles","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Serum creatinine and albuminuria are the core of most CKD prediction and progression risk models. Several biomarkers have been introduced to improve these results such as beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and cystatin C (CysC). Nevertheless, few clinical comparisons of these biomarkers are available. We have compared serum B2M levels with albuminuria, CysC levels, and the CKD-EPI GFR equations.</p><p><strong>Designs and methods: </strong>A sample of 434 patients were studied: 234 males and 200 females, the mean age was 58.3 ± 15.0 years, and 33.4% have diabetes mellitus. In all patients, plasma B2M, CysC, creatinine, and urinary albumin excretion were analyzed. EGFR was calculated using CKD-EPI equations for creatinine, CysC, and creatinine-CysC. The risk of death and CKD progression was evaluated using ROC curves and Cox proportional hazards survivorship models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For mortality, the highest area under the curve (AUC) was for CysC (0.775, 0.676-0.875). The lowest sensitivity was shown by eGFR (creatinine) (0.298, 0.195-0.401, p < 0.001), eGFR (CysC) (0.216, 0.118-0.314, p < 0.001), and eGFR (creatinine + CysS) (0.218, 0.124-0.312, p < 0.001). For progression to advanced CKD, the highest AUC was for CysC (0.908, 0.862-0.954). The lowest sensitivity was shown by eGFR (creatinine) (0.184, 0.106-0.261, p < 0.001), eGFR (CysC) (0.095, 0.048-0.14, p < 0.001), and eGFR (creatinine+ CysC) (0.087, 0.040-0.134, p < 0.001). CysC, after age, was the second-best marker of life risk. Contrariwise, for CKD progression, CysC, and albuminuria were the best markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The best biomarker of mortality and risk of progression to CKD was CysC. Albuminuria and B2M were the next best options to be used. The lowest sensitivity was shown by estimated eGFR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e25139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Genes and microRNAs in Pediatric B-Cell ALL: Expression Insights.","authors":"Reza Nekouian, Pooya Faranoush, Fatemeh Khesali, Parisa Shams, Mohammad Reza Foroughi-Gilvaee, Negin Sadighnia, Dorsa Fallah Azad, MohammadAli Ehsani, Mohammad Faranoush","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal lymphocytes, predominantly affects children. Genetic analysis focusing on genes and microRNAs reveals important information about the biology of ALL, enabling accurate diagnosis and treatment. This study examines gene and microRNA expression in B cell ALL to improve early diagnosis and personalized treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bone marrow samples were collected from patients both before and after the induction phase of chemotherapy. Comprehensive diagnostic techniques including flow cytometry, molecular assays, real-time PCR for common translocations, karyotyping, and complete blood count (CBC) analysis were employed. These methods were utilized to determine the type and risk assessment of ALL, identify specific gene and microRNA expressions, and measure blood cell counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprised 12 patients, all under the age of 18. Post-treatment RT-PCR analysis revealed significant reductions in the expression of the ABCB1 gene, miR-129-5p, and miR-9-5p following the induction phase of chemotherapy. Karyotype analysis indicated that two patients were hypodiploid; unfortunately, both of these patients did not survive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MicroRNAs and ABC genes serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and should be carefully reconsidered. It is more accurate to state that while microRNAs and ABC genes may potentially influence treatment response in ALL, further research is crucial to fully understand their roles in determining treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e25134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Atherogenic Index of Plasma Associated With Delayed Graft Function in Living Donor Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Study in Vietnam.","authors":"Dung Pham Thai, Ha Nguyen Thi Thu, Tue Nguyen Tri, Tiep Tran Dac, Kien Nguyen Trung, Dung Nguyen Huu, Trung Hoang Anh, Hinh Tran Van, Viet Thang Le","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the predictive value of the atherogenic index of plasma before transplant for delayed graft function.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, longitudinal, non-interventional, non-controlled study of 167 patients undergoing kidney transplantation from living donors, with a mean age of 39.34 ± 11.86 years old, 53.3% male, and a pre-transplant hemodialysis time of 14 (7-36) months. Delayed graft function was defined as decreased blood creatinine < 25% within the first 24 h compared to pre-transplantation, and the patients needed hemodialysis in the first 7 days. The atherogenic index of plasma was calculated based on pre-transplant plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ratio of delayed graft function in renal transplant recipients from living donors was 13.8% (23/167 patients). Hemodialysis time, the ratio of hepatitis infection, overweight and obese, atherosclerosis, positive PRA, and acute rejection in the DGF (+) group were higher than those of the DGF (-) group, p < 0.05 and < 0.001. In particular, plasma CRP-hs level and AIP also were higher in DGF (+) patients compared to those of DGF (-) ones, p < 0.001. Long hemodialysis time, obesity, high plasma CRP-hs, and high AIP in pre-transplant patients were independent factors related to DGF and had predictive value for DGF after kidney transplantation, in which AIP had good predictive value: AUC = 0.859, p < 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed graft function was relatively common in renal transplant recipients from living donors. AIP before kidney transplant was a good predictor for delayed graft function.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e25142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysosphingolipid Quantitation in Plasma and Dried-Blood Spots Using Targeted High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Franklin Ducatez, Wladimir Mauhin, Jules Ottaviani, Thomas Plichet, Carine Pilon, Olivier Lidove, Fréderic Barbey, Régine Perrichot, Sabrina Vergnaud, Marc G Berger, Juliette Berger, Nadia Belmatoug, Yann Nadjar, Foudil Lamari, Esther Noel, Stéphane Marret, Soumeya Bekri, Abdellah Tebani","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sphingolipidoses are rare inherited metabolic diseases belonging to lysosomal diseases. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a robust method to accelerate the diagnosis of these sphingolipidoses using dried blood spots and plasma.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We employed high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-HRMS) to analyze 6 lysosphingolipids (GlcSph/Psychosine, LysoGb3, LysoSM, LysoSM509, LysoGM1, and LysoGM2) on dried blood spots and plasma samples. The method was used to measure the lysosphingolipid levels in a group of 30 control subjects and 204 samples from patients with sphingolipidoses (61 dB and 143 plasma) including Fabry, Gaucher, GM2 Gangliodosis, Niemann-Pick type A/B, and Niemann-Pick type C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed multiplex LC-HRMS method demonstrated linearity, precision, and quantification performances particularly for GlcSph/Psychosine and LysoGb3 on samples including controls and patients with sphingolipidoses. LysoSM showed recovery variability, wherease LysoGM1 and LysoGM2 showed higher matrix effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study presents a high-resolution mass spectrometry method along with the established cutoff values, providing a valuable tool for targeted screening, accurate diagnosis, and monitoring sphingolipidoses. Furthermore, DBS showed reliable results that lay the path to a broader adoption for screening these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e25131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Genetic and Clinical Characteristics of Fetuses With Chromosome 16 Short-Arm Microdeletions/Microduplications","authors":"Meiying Cai,&nbsp;Na Lin,&nbsp;Nan Guo,&nbsp;Hailong Huang,&nbsp;Xiangqun Fan,&nbsp;Meimei Fu,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Liangpu Xu","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The short arm of chromosome 16 is highly susceptible to homologous recombination through nonallelic genes. This results in microdeletions/microduplications that can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. However, incomplete penetrance and phenotypic diversity after birth exacerbate the uncertainty in prenatal genetic counseling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 24,000 cases with prenatal diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) was performed on 17,000 cases, of which 81 (0.48%) had chromosome 16 short-arm microdeletions/microduplications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 81 fetuses with chromosome 16 short-arm microdeletions/microduplications, 36 and 28 had 16p11.2 and 16p13.11 microdeletions/microduplications, respectively. Ten, four, and three fetuses had 16p12.2, 16p13.12p13.11, and 16p13.12p1.3 microdeletions, respectively. Among the 36 fetuses with 16p11.2 microdeletions/microduplications, 33 had abnormal intrauterine ultrasound phenotypes, the most common being skeletal system abnormalities. Among the 28 fetuses with 16p13.11 microdeletions/microduplications, 19 had abnormal intrauterine ultrasound phenotypes, including 15 with abnormal ultrasonic soft markers. Among the 10 fetuses with the 16p12.2 microdeletions, six had abnormal ultrasound findings, and four had skeletal system abnormalities. After genetic counseling, 44 patients were selected and tested for family verification, of which 22 were de novo, while 22 were inherited from phenotypically normal parents. Among the 47 live births, 39 had no abnormalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All fetuses with the 16p13.11 microdeletions/microduplications, and 16p12.2, 16p13.12p13.11, and 16p13.12p1.3 microdeletions were healthy after birth. Hence, chromosome 16 short-arm microdeletions/microduplications should not be the sole basis for abandoning pregnancy, and clinicians should consider prenatal diagnostic data to maximize diagnostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.25132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The β-Chain Mutation p.Arg17Stop Impairs Fibrinogen Synthesis and Secretion: A Nonsense Mutation Associated With Hypofibrinogenemia","authors":"Chen Qian,&nbsp;Chaoyu Huang,&nbsp;Qinghui Luo,&nbsp;Kaili Qin,&nbsp;Yangyang Wu,&nbsp;Lin Liao,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Liqun Xiang,&nbsp;Jie Yan","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Congenital hypofibrinogenemia, a quantitative fibrinogen disorder, is characterized by abnormally low levels of both functional and antigen fibrinogen. We identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation, p.Arg17Stop, in the fibrinogen Bβ chain of a three-month-old female infant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coagulation testing, gene analysis, in vitro plasmid construction, and functional analyses were conducted to investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plasma fibrinogen levels showed decrease in the proband. DNA sequencing of the proband revealed a heterozygous point mutation (c.139C&gt;T) in exon 2 of the FGB gene causing Arg → Stop substitution. Human Arg17 was found to be highly conserved. In vitro expression analyses indicated that the mutation impacts both the transcription and translation of the FGB gene, subsequently affecting the synthesis and secretion of fibrinogen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The p.Arg17Stop mutation in the fibrinogen Bβ chain disrupts fibrinogen production and secretion, contributing to hypofibrinogenemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.25123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of D-Dimer on Stroke Diagnosis Within 24 h","authors":"I-Shiang Tzeng,&nbsp;Giou-Teng Yiang,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Wu,&nbsp;Mao-Liang Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25133","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with interest the laboratory analysis and meta-analysis performed by Ahmad et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Using a review of the published literature, the study included controlled/randomized clinical trials (RCTs), retrospective or prospective cohorts, and case-controlled studies with five or more patients. These studies separated stroke groups from stroke mimic/control groups and reported D-Dimer values within the 24 h. The analysis revealed a positive effect size for D-Dimer in the stroke group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, we would like to highlight several methodological concerns presented in this paper. First, the estimates of variance among studies may lack precision, especially when a small number of studies are included in the meta-analysis. This uncertainty was overlooked when applying a conventional normal approximation for random-effects models, potentially impacting the accuracy of the inferences drawn. The issue of imprecise variances estimates becomes critical when the sample size of included studies is small. Neglecting this uncertainty when integrating the random effects can have detrimental consequences for statistical inferences. To address this concern, the Hartung and Knapp (HK)-adjusted method should be used to estimate random effects and their confidence intervals (CIs), rather than relying on the standard approach [&lt;span&gt;2, 3&lt;/span&gt;]. A previous meta-analysis compared D-Dimer levels (ng/ml) between stroke groups and stroke mimics/controls within 6 hours, reporting a standard mean difference (SMD) of 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.29, 0.69]; and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001 [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. We reanalyzed the data using random effects models with the HK adjustment. The updated results showed SMD = 0.49; 95% CI = [0.03, 0.95]; and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.045 (Figure 1). After the HK adjustment, the &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; value of the overall effect approached the borderline for statistical significance (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) for D-Dimer levels in the stroke group compared with the control group. Caution is advised regarding potential small-study bias when performing meta-analyses. It is important to note that the 95% CI for the random effect became wider after the HK adjustment, likely due to a decrease in statistical power for the test [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From a clinical perspective, it is essential to recognize that correlation does not imply causation, particularly in nonexperimental studies [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. When two events, A and B, are related, several possibilities exist: (1) A causes B; (2) B causes A; (3) both A and B have no causal relationship but are influenced by a third factor; or (4) the relationship is coincidental. Confirming true causal relationships between events is a significant challenge and requires empirical evidence to validate hypotheses. Data-driven analysis can deepen our understanding of disease mechanisms and offer evidence to address clinical challenges. With advanced data-driven architectures, it is possible to establish stron","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.25133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Lipoprotein(a) With the Risk of Recurrence Stroke in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Yu Feng,&nbsp;Shenyang Zhang,&nbsp;Hailiang Li,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Ruiguo Dong,&nbsp;Shiguang Zhu,&nbsp;Yanlong Zhou","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is still a major global challenge to reduce the high morbidity and mortality of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and improve the prognosis of patients. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) combined with lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) for long-term stroke recurrence in patients with AIS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 580 patients with AIS. Assessment of Lp-PLA2 and Lp(a) levels was conducted upon patient admission. Continuous monitoring over the long term categorized stroke recurrence as an endpoint. Patients were categorized based on these identified thresholds to compare the risk of stroke recurrence: high Lp-PLA2 and high Lp(a), high Lp-PLA2 and low Lp(a), low Lp-PLA2 and high Lp(a), and low Lp-PLA2 combined with low Lp(a).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 580 participants, 101 individuals (17.41%) experienced stroke recurrence within the 2-year follow-up. The majority were male (61.39%), with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range: 55–69.5). Factors independently associated with heightened the risk of recurrence stroke comprised age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.025; <i>p</i> = 0.021), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.751; <i>p</i> = 0.007), Lp-PLA2 (HR, 1.004; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and Lp(a) (HR, 1.002; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Noteworthy is that the combination of Lp-PLA2 and Lp(a) displayed superior predictive efficacy for long-term stroke recurrence risk in AIS patients compared to individual factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This investigation underscores the potential advantage of leveraging the combined impact of Lp-PLA2 in conjunction with Lp(a) as a more precise and cost-effective predictive tool for the risk of recurrence stroke in patients with AIS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.25120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The Mechanism of Pathogenicity, Immune Responses, and Diagnostic Challenges","authors":"Noura Mohammadnabi,&nbsp;Jebreil Shamseddin,&nbsp;Mobina Emadi,&nbsp;Ali Bayat Bodaghi,&nbsp;Mahdieh Varseh,&nbsp;Aref Shariati,&nbsp;Mina Rezaei,&nbsp;Mahsa Dastranj,&nbsp;Abbas Farahani","doi":"10.1002/jcla.25122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.25122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The infection caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> arises from a complex interplay between the host immune system and the bacteria. Early and effective treatment of this disease is of great importance in order to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This necessitates the availability of fast and reliable diagnostic methods for managing affected cases. One reason why this study is significant is the lack of a comprehensive review in this field that thoroughly examines the importance, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide updated information on <i>M. tuberculosis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the virulence factors, pathogenicity, and diagnostic methods of this bacterium, alongside the clinical symptoms and interpretation of different types of tuberculosis, including cerebral, miliary, nerve, and tubercular tuberculosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> acts as the causative agent of human tuberculosis and is regarded as one of the most adaptable human pathogens. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> possesses several virulence factors that help the bacterium evade mucous barriers. The rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in both developing and industrialized countries emphasizes the need for rapid diagnostic methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-protein virulence factors play a crucial role in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (<i>M. tuberculosis</i>). The bacterial cell membrane contains proteins that modulate the host immune response. For instance, ESAT-6, either alone or in combination with CFP-10, reduces immune activity. While molecular techniques—such as DNA microarray, luciferase reporter assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA and RNA probes, next-generation sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing—offer rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, these methods are expensive and require technical expertise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"38 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}