Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Univariate and Multivariate Reference Interval Methods.","authors":"Esra Kutsal Mergen, Sevilay Karahan","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In clinical practice, reference intervals play a pivotal role in interpreting laboratory test results. Yet, when several tests are taken into consideration simultaneously, the traditional univariate intervals might not suffice due to the elevated risk of Type 1 errors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study introduces and evaluates two multivariate reference interval techniques: one based on Mahalanobis distance and the other an adaptation of the multivariate confidence interval (MCI). Using Monte Carlo simulations, we focused our assessments on the interplay between \"serum ferritin and transferrin saturation\" values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon evaluation, it became evident that the multivariate methods significantly reduced false positives. They presented enhanced accuracy over traditional univariate intervals. Notably, the method involving Mahalanobis distance stood out in terms of efficacy.</p><p><strong>Contributions: </strong>Beyond presenting novel techniques, our research underscores the importance and potential of using multivariate approaches in clinical lab settings. The findings can guide better medical decision making, ensuring optimized allocation of healthcare resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent AST Elevation in a Patient With Ovarian Cancer: A Rare Diagnostic Challenge.","authors":"Lechuang Chen, Yu Zhang, Qing H Meng","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is commonly indicative of liver injury or disease, but isolated AST elevation without concurrent alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase is rare and difficult to diagnose. While AST is non-specific and found in various tissues, its isolated elevation is due to less common conditions, such as macro-AST, where AST binds with immunoglobulins creating a high-molecular-weight complex that affects serum activity.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 68-year-old female with a history of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) who had persistent isolated AST elevation for several years. Evaluations including physical exams, imaging, and routine liver function tests showed no evidence of hepatic or muscular disease. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation significantly reduced serum AST activity, confirming the presence of the macro-enzyme form of AST (macro-AST).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the rare and novel occurrence of macro-AST in a patient with ovarian cancer. It emphasizes the importance of considering macro-AST in the differential diagnosis of isolated AST elevation, particularly in patients without clear evidence of liver or muscular disease. Recognizing this benign condition can prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Practices for the Detection and Characterization of Cryoglobulins and Cryofibrinogen.","authors":"Teresa Troiano, Anna Marinaccio, Pamela Patierno, Alessandra Di Geronimo, Lucia Demarinis, Francesca Di Serio","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryoglobulins (CGs) and Cryofibrinogen (CF) are proteins that precipitate at low temperatures. Complex laboratory procedures are necessary to identify them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between December 2022 and December 2023, 1171 patient samples for analysis of CGs and CF were received in the laboratory from different clinical departments with suggestive clinical symptoms and signs of cryoproteinemia and were analyzed using pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cryoproteins were detected in 281 samples (47%); CGs⁺ were found in association with CF⁺ in 74 samples (12.52%); CF⁺ was detected with CGs^- in 119 patients (20.13%); and CGs⁺ were found with CF^- in 88 patients (14.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CGs testing has long been common in laboratories, and the analytical and pre-analytical procedures are well known, in contrast to CF testing, which has only emerged in recent years. Therefore, appropriate procedures are needed for testing both cryoproteins to optimize economic and human resources and reduce laboratory diagnostic times. At last, confirming a clinical suspicion of cryoproteinemia in a short time could improve patient outcomes, allowing suitable therapies to be implemented for vasculitis and related thromboembolic phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Over 15 Years of Follow-Up Among Iranian Adults.","authors":"Parto Hadaegh, Amir Abdi, Mitra Hasheminia, Farzad Hadaegh, Fereidoun Azizi, Maryam Tohidi","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the association of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, as well as the influence of sex on this relationship among Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to assess the associations between ALP both as continuous and categorical variables with incident MetS and its components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 831 subjects (467 women) with a mean age of 44.51 years, during a median follow-up of 15.6 years, 597 MetS cases (336 women) occurred. Interaction was found between ALP quartiles and sex (p-value = 0.006). Among women, increasing levels of ALP across the second to fourth quartiles were associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.269, 1.491, and 2.092 for MetS, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). Among men, no association was found between ALP and incident MetS. Among women, the second and fourth quartiles of ALP were associated with incident high triglycerides (TG), with HRs of 1.793 and 1.815, respectively. Moreover, a 1-SD increase in ALP conferred a 17.9% higher risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Among men, a 1-SD increase in ALP was associated with an HR of 1.222 for incident high waist circumference (WC) (All p-values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sex significantly influenced the impact of serum ALP on the incidence of MetS and its components. In women, ALP was a strong harbinger for incident MetS and its dyslipidemia components. However, among men, the increasing value of ALP was associated with incident central obesity but not MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of HIV-1 Antibodies in Saliva of Persons Living With HIV Using Blood-Based First Response HIV 1-2.O Card Test.","authors":"Enoch Aninagyei, Comfort Addo Boatey, Gifty Larbi, Wilson Bright Tsidi, Raphael Eyram Amemo, Ebenezer Tawiah Nyarkotey, Godknows Afenya, Desmond Omane Acheampong","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study tested HIV-1 antibodies in saliva samples (sHIV-1 Ab) collected by the Self-Lollisponge device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood and saliva from confirmed persons with HIV and HIV-negative controls were analyzed for HIV-1/2 antibodies using the blood-based First Response HIV 1-2.O Card Test. The sampling device containing sHIV-1 Ab was stored at 6°C for 60 days, with intermittent testing on days 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60. Regression analysis was done to assess the relationship between the presence of sHIV-1 Ab and independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity and the specificity of detecting sHIV-1 Ab were 72.9% (95% CI: 63.92%-80.65%) and 100% (95% CI: 92.89%-100.00%), respectively. The presence of opportunistic infections (AOR = 13.1, p < 0.001), having stomatorrhagia (AOR = 4.56, p = 0.0022), and hyperviremia (> 201 copies/mL) (AOR = 4.91, p = 0.0225) heightened sHIV-1 Ab detection. Furthermore, fatigue (AOR = 12.1, p = 0.0024), fever (AOR = 3.5, p = 0.0144), and weight loss (AOR = 10.9, p = 0.0318) increased the odds of having sHIV-1 Ab in persons living with HIV (PLWHIV). sHIV-1 Ab was identified in over 90% of PLWHIV with opportunistic infections (OIs) and stomatorrhagia, OIs and hyperviremia, and stomatorrhagia and hyperviremia. Upon storage for 60 days, the sHIV-1 Ab was detected in all the samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Saliva could be an alternative to blood for diagnosing HIV. In addition, the Self-Lollisponge device was found to be user-friendly, acquiescent to all settings, and cheap, and can preserve sHIV-1 Ab for at least 60 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-17 in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid of Subjects With Peri-Implant Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez, Julieta Sarai Becerra-Ruiz, Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño, Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez, Lilibeth-Stephania Escoto-Vasquez, Artak Heboyan","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Activation of the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis could trigger peri-implant bone loss. The aim of this review was to analyze whether in people with peri-implantitis (PI) and peri-implant mucositis (PM) the concentrations of the interleukin-23 and interleukin-17 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) are elevated compared to people with healthy dental implants (HDI).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The protocol of this study was registered in OSF (ID: 10.17605/OSF.IO/U8NBQ) and followed PRISMA guidelines. PECO criteria were used to formulate the research question. A search strategy was performed using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until November 15, 2024. A rigorous evaluation was performed, and the JBI tool was used to assess the quality of the cross-sectional and case-control studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen observational studies were included in this study, with a total of 587 participants carrying 601 dental implants. The control group was represented by 252 healthy implants, while the exposure group was represented by 113 implants with PM and 236 implants with peri-implantitis. The age range of the subjects varied from 40.8 to 68.6 years, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 53.9 ± 9.9 years. The concentration of the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis and isoforms (IL-17E and IL-17F) was higher in subjects with peri-implant disease compared to the healthy population. Most of the studies (92.8%) showed moderate quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The concentrations of cytokines IL-23, IL-17, and IL-17E in PICF were higher in PI-affected dental implants, followed by PM-affected dental implants compared to HDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Resistance and Epidemiological Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Brain and Psychiatric Hospital of South China.","authors":"Lei Yue, Xiumei Zhu, Yuyan Kuang, Yulong Lin, Haiying Liu","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has increasingly become a global health problem, and the drug resistance and epidemiology of its infection are important for disease prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CRE isolates detected in the hospital from July 2021 to April 2023 were collected, then the antibiotic sensitivity was detected by an automatic microbial analyzer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect carbapenem-resistance genes. The homology and epidemiological characteristics of the strains of Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed by repeated common sequence PCR(ERIC-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 non-repeating CRE isolates were collected mainly from the respiratory tract (67.02%) and urinary tract (22.34%). Among these, 73 strains (77.66%) were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), while 21 strains (22.34%) were carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a low resistance rate to tigecycline (2.13%). Analysis of CRE resistance genes demonstrated that blaKPC accounted for 93.15% of CRKP isolates (68/73), while blaNDM was present in 90.48% of CREC isolates (19/21). In the homology analysis, CRKP isolates were divided into five clusters with C_KP type representing the majority at 80.82% prevalence (59/73). Similarly, CREC could be classified into four clusters with A_EC type being predominant at 80.95% among the isolated strains (17/21). The detection of CRE strains involved multiple departments in two separate wards of this hospital, located approximately 28 km from each other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CRE infection in this hospital has high homology and wide distribution; it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control measures to control CRE nosocomial infection spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of PD1 and MTNR1B Gene Variants in Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Case–Control Study in Bangladesh","authors":"Farhan Jamil,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahfuz Enam Elahi,&nbsp;Al-Shahriar Evan,&nbsp;Sakif Ahamed Khan,&nbsp;Israt Jahan Annee,&nbsp; Furhatun-Noor,&nbsp;Ankita Islam,&nbsp;Rana Tabassum,&nbsp;Md. Aminul Haque","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. The <i>PD1</i> and <i>MTNR1B</i> gene polymorphisms have been extensively studied for their potential role in cancer susceptibility. This study aimed to investigate associations between breast cancer risk and <i>PD1</i> (rs36084323) and <i>MTNR1B</i> (rs10830963) polymorphisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A case–control study was conducted with 112 breast cancer patients from Dhaka Cancer and General Hospital, Bangladesh, and 124 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Genotyping of <i>PD1</i> (rs36084323) and <i>MTNR1B</i> (rs10830963) polymorphisms was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genotype distributions for both SNPs adhered to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The <i>PD1</i> GG genotype was more prevalent in controls, indicating a protective effect, whereas the GG genotype of <i>MTNR1B</i> showed no statistically significant association with breast cancer risk. The recessive model of <i>PD1</i> (GG vs. AG + AA) demonstrated a lower odds ratio (0.2873), while the recessive model of <i>MTNR1B</i> (2.307) suggested a potential risk. Dominant models for both genes (AG + GG vs. AA for <i>PD1</i> and CG + GG vs. CC for <i>MTNR1B</i>) showed statistically significant associations with breast cancer susceptibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>PD1</i> GG genotype exhibited a significant protective effect against breast cancer, while the <i>MTNR1B</i> CG genotype was associated with reduced risk, but GG showed no correlation. Larger studies across diverse populations are recommended to validate these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"39 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating High Fluorescence Lymphocyte Count as a Predictor of Severe Dengue Infection","authors":"Anh Vu Hong,&nbsp;Kien Nguyen Trung,&nbsp;Hanh Nguyen Thi Hien,&nbsp;Hung Ta Viet","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dengue infection (DI) is a significant global health concern, with severe cases leading to plasma leakage, organ failure, and shock. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early risk stratification is crucial for improving patient management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This descriptive cross-sectional study included 268 DI patients at 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam, from July 2022 to October 2023. Patients were classified into Non-Severe DI and Severe DI groups per the 2009 WHO dengue guideline. High Fluorescent Lymphocyte Count (HFLC), a parameter from the Sysmex hematology analyzer, was analyzed. HFLC% represents the proportion of high fluorescent lymphocytes among total WBCs, while HFLC# is these cells' absolute count (G/L). Statistical methods included Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square tests, ROC curve analysis, and binary logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HFLC% and HFLC# were significantly elevated in Severe DI compared to Non-Severe DI (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). HFLC% negatively correlated with platelet count and positively with liver enzymes (AST, ALT), suggesting an association with severe complications. ROC analysis showed that HFLC# (AUC = 0.913, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, cut-off = 1.00 G/L) had 70.6% sensitivity and 90.8% specificity, while HFLC% (AUC = 0.833, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, cut-off = 13.15%) had 70.6% sensitivity and 80.5% specificity for predicting severe DI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated HFLC at admission is strongly associated with severe DI, with HFLC# demonstrating excellent predictive accuracy. These findings suggest that HFLC is a promising biomarker for early identification of high-risk dengue patients. Further large-scale validation is required to confirm its clinical utility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"39 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Serological Correlates of Serum C1Q and Anti-C1Q Antibodies in South Africans With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Mohammed Tikly,&nbsp;Lillemor Skattum,&nbsp;Mohamed Amin Makda","doi":"10.1002/jcla.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcla.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate prevalence and clinical correlates of serum C1q and anti-C1q antibody titres in black South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study of 96 SLE patients, 49 with lupus nephritis (LN). Anti-C1q antibodies were tested by ELISA. Serum C1q was measured as a percentage of normal by immunoelectrophoresis. Disease activity was assessed using the SELENA-SLE disease activity index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most patients were female (90.7%), mean (SD) age and follow-up period diagnosis of 38.1 (13.0) and 4.2 (4.4) years, respectively. Low serum C1q and positive anti-C1q antibody test were detected in 17 (17.7%) and 12 (12.5%) patients, respectively, overall. There was an inverse correlation between serum C1q and anti-C1q antibodies titres (<i>r</i> = −0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and a direct correlation of anti-C1q antibodies titres with SELENA-SLEDAI scores (<i>r</i> = 0.27, <i>p</i> = 0.008). Patients with an active urine sediment (<i>n</i> = 21) had higher anti-C1q antibodies titres (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and low serum C1q (OR = 4.51, <i>p</i> = 0.01), compared to the remainder of patients. Anti-C1q antibody titres were higher in patients with C3/C4 hypocomplementaemia (<i>n</i> = 14) than those with normal C3/C4 (<i>p</i> = 0.02). A positive Coombs test (without evidence of red cell haemolysis) (<i>n</i> = 17) was associated with a positive anti-C1q antibody test (OR = 4.29, <i>p</i> = 0.02), low serum C1q (OR = 3.37, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and C3/C4 hypocomplementaemia (OR = 4.84, <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings broadly confirm the clinical utility of the anti-C1q antibody test in SLE. Raised anti-C1q antibody titres were associated with active LN, as evidenced by an active urine sediment. The association of a positive anti-C1q antibody and low serum C1q with a positive Direct Coombs' test merits further study and confirmation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15509,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis","volume":"39 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcla.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}