Journal of Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Ecological Niche Shifts Are Rare in Invasive Mammals","authors":"A. Townsend Peterson,&nbsp;Huijie Qiao,&nbsp;Luis E. Escobar","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Huntley and Wilkinson (<i>Journal of Biogeography</i>, 53, 2025) analysed climatic niche conservation in the invasive eastern grey squirrel (<i>Sciurus carolinensis</i>) and concluded that a niche shift occurred between North America and Europe. Nevertheless, their study suffers from two major flaws: ignoring prior literature and misinterpreting ecological niche theory. Previous research (Qiao et al. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, 7, 2017) demonstrated that reported niche shifts in this species were methodological artefacts, emphasizing the need for rigorous quantitative approaches and consideration of accessible environments. Huntley and Wilkinson relied on qualitative visual assessments, neglecting established methods for niche comparison. Furthermore, their framework confuses realized and fundamental niches, the latter being key to detecting evolutionary changes. Differences in realized niches may still be informative but often reflect environmental availability or biotic interactions, not physiological adaptation. True niche shifts in mammals require rapid evolutionary changes, which are unlikely during invasions. Thus, claims of niche shifts in <i>S. carolinensis</i> remain unsupported and should be interpreted cautiously for this and other mammal invaders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Scale Modulates the Effect of Habitat Amount on Diversity Patterns of Arachnid Assemblages Across Different Brazilian Ecosystems","authors":"André F. A. Lira,&nbsp;Adriano M. DeSouza,&nbsp;Thayna R. Brito-Almeida,&nbsp;Hugo L. L. Neves,&nbsp;Gilberto G. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique De-Oliveira-Nogueira,&nbsp;Ubiratã F. Souza,&nbsp;Alessandra R. S. Andrade,&nbsp;Rafael G. Jansen,&nbsp;Ana Lúcia Tourinho,&nbsp;Leonardo S. Carvalho,&nbsp;Laís M. Pordeus,&nbsp;Henrique P. Cunha,&nbsp;Aleson A. Silva,&nbsp;Márcio F. Chaves,&nbsp;Everton Tizo-Pedroso,&nbsp;Lucas R. C. Lima,&nbsp;Alysson H. A. Lins,&nbsp;César M. A. Correa,&nbsp;Renato P. Salomão,&nbsp;Jonas G. Martins,&nbsp;Bruno R. R. Almeida,&nbsp;Ewerton O. Machado,&nbsp;Juliane A. N. Machado,&nbsp;Geraldo J. B. Moura,&nbsp;Stênio Í. A. Foerster,&nbsp;Arleu B. Viana-Junior","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70320","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated how native vegetation cover influences the diversity of arachnid assemblages across multiple spatial scales in major Brazilian ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brazil (Amazon and Atlantic rainforests, Cerrado savanna and Caatinga dry forest).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arachnida (Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones and Scorpiones).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled arachnids at 120 sites using active search and litter sifting. Native vegetation cover was quantified at three spatial scales (100, 200 and 300 m buffers) using GIS data. Assemblage structure was assessed using abundance, species richness, and Hill numbers (<i>q</i> = 0, 1 and 2). Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate responses across taxonomic groups and ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recorded 3986 individuals from 179 species. Diversity responses to native vegetation cover were taxon-, ecosystem- and scale-dependent. Positive effects of vegetation cover were stronger and more consistent in rainforest than in savanna and dry forest ecosystems. In rainforests, most responses occurred at smaller spatial scales (100–200 m), whereas no significant effects were detected in the savanna. Opiliones richness showed limited variation with vegetation cover but differed in dominance structure among ecosystems. Scorpion assemblages were characterized by low richness and high dominance, while pseudoscorpions exhibited low evenness in more species-rich sites, particularly in the Amazon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Native vegetation cover plays an important role in structuring arachnid diversity in Brazil, but its effects vary across taxa, ecosystems and spatial scales. These findings highlight the need for taxon- and scale-specific conservation strategies and reinforce the importance of multi-scale approaches to biodiversity conservation in Neotropical landscapes under increasing anthropogenic pressure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Miocene Populus L. Fossils Reveal the Northwestward Expansion of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Into Eastern Qaidam","authors":"Zhen-Dong Cao,&nbsp;San-Ping Xie,&nbsp;Jing-Nan Huang,&nbsp;Yun-Zhe Zhang,&nbsp;Zi-Yi Li,&nbsp;Si-Hang Zhang,&nbsp;De-Fei Yan","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70323","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evolution of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) is critical for understanding Asian biodiversity and ecosystem stability. While models and geological records suggest the EASM reached the Qaidam Basin during the Miocene, macrofossil evidence remains scarce. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a northwestward monsoon expansion using newly discovered <i>Populus</i> fossils as bioclimatic indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wulan Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Angiosperms (Salicaceae: <i>Populus</i> L.).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted morphological analyses on leaf fossils and identified their Nearest Living Relative (NLR). By establishing correlations between the leaf traits of the NLR and modern climatic factors, we reconstructed the paleoclimate of the Wulan Basin. Furthermore, we employed Species Distribution Modelling (MaxEnt) to simulate the potential range of this lineage under Early Miocene conditions to explore monsoon-driven habitat shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The late Early Miocene fossils from the Wulan Basin are morphologically most similar to the extant <i>Populus davidiana</i>, a species characteristic of temperate, semi-humid environments. The presence of this lineage indicates that the Wulan Basin—currently an arid region—experienced significantly higher precipitation and a temperate semi-humid climate during the Early Miocene. MaxEnt modelling reveals that the suitable bioclimatic envelope for this <i>Populus</i> group extended much further northwest than its modern range, providing a potential biological signal of enhanced moisture transport into the interior of East Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The occurrence of <i>Populus</i> fossils in the Wulan Basin provides a preliminary biological indicator for the northwestward expansion of the EASM into the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the late Early Miocene, although corroboration from additional proxy records and localities is still needed. This climatic shift, likely driven by the phased uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, transformed the regional hydrological cycle and facilitated the migration of mesic woody taxa into Asia's interior. Our findings highlight the profound impact of tectonic-monsoon interactions on historical plant distributions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Biogeography and Climate-Driven Vulnerability of Torrent Frogs (Ranidae: Amolops): Insights Into Long-Term Climate Refugia","authors":"Na Wu,&nbsp;Qi Xiao,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Shi,&nbsp;Youhua Chen","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70312","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Identifying climate refugia is essential for effective biodiversity conservation under ongoing climate change, especially for amphibians that are highly sensitive to temperature and humidity variations and face increasing threats from global warming. This study focuses on the genus &lt;i&gt;Amolops&lt;/i&gt;, aiming to reconstruct its historical biogeography, evaluate its vulnerability to past, present, and future climate change, and identify its potential long-term climate refugia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Taxon&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Amolops&lt;/i&gt; (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed three mitochondrial gene fragments (&lt;i&gt;16S rRNA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;COI&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ND2&lt;/i&gt;) to reconstruct the ancestral distribution and historical demography of &lt;i&gt;Amolops&lt;/i&gt; species. Ecological niche modelling and climate-niche factor analysis were conducted to assess species vulnerability under past, present, and future climate scenarios and to identify potential long-term climate refugia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Biogeographic analysis suggested that &lt;i&gt;Amolops&lt;/i&gt; originated in Myanmar during the middle Oligocene to early Miocene and then expanded outward. Suitable habitats contracted during the Last Glacial Maximum and under future climate scenarios, with species such as &lt;i&gt;A. deng&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. tuberodepressus&lt;/i&gt; projected to lose substantial habitat. Vulnerability assessments further indicated that &lt;i&gt;A. chaochin&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. deng&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. tuberodepressus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;A. xinduqiao&lt;/i&gt; were particularly vulnerable to climate change.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The diversification of &lt;i&gt;Amolops&lt;/i&gt; appears to have been strongly influenced by Miocene geological and climatic changes, which shaped both the distribution and evolutionary history of the genus. Climatic fluctuations have markedly constrained suitable habitats, with species sensitivity proving more critical than habitat exposure in determining vulnerability to climate change. Despite these challenges, the Hengduan Mountains contain multiple regions likely to have served as long-term climatic refugia, supporting the persistence of &lt;i&gt;Amolops&lt;/i&gt; species. Current protected areas encompass only a small fraction of these refugial zones (&lt; 7%), highlighting substantial gaps in conservation coverage and underscoring the need to prioritize t","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Palaeogeographic Histories but Similar Microevolutionary Responses in Low-Dispersal Island Grasshoppers From Two Mediterranean Archipelagos","authors":"Marina Trillo,&nbsp;Joaquín Ortego","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70315","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Island archipelagos serve as natural laboratories for understanding how geological history, climate change and dispersal limitation interact to shape diversification. Here, we examine how these forces influence patterns of genomic divergence, demographic dynamics and phenotypic variation in island-endemic taxa, with a particular focus on evaluating whether contrasting connectivity regimes among archipelagos are associated with distinct microevolutionary outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ionian and Aegean archipelagos, Greece.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Taxon&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Brachypterous grasshoppers including the Ionian-endemic &lt;i&gt;Chorthippus sangiorgii&lt;/i&gt; and the Aegean-endemic &lt;i&gt;Chorthippus biroi&lt;/i&gt; (Orthoptera: Acrididae).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We generated genome-wide ddRAD-seq data to estimate divergence times, infer genetic structure, assess relative levels of genetic connectivity and reconstruct the demographic trajectories of populations. In addition, geometric morphometric analyses of forewing and pronotum-head shape were conducted to evaluate morphological differentiation among island populations. Genomic and phenotypic patterns were interpreted in the context of palaeogeographic reconstructions of island connectivity associated with Quaternary sea-level oscillations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both species show strong genetic structuring within and among islands, consistent with extremely limited dispersal. Whereas &lt;i&gt;C. sangiorgii&lt;/i&gt; exhibits relatively shallow divergence compatible with recent and recurrent connectivity among the Ionian Islands, &lt;i&gt;C. biroi&lt;/i&gt; displays deeper genetic structure consistent with the long-term isolation of Crete and the Cyclades. Demographic reconstructions for both species indicate population expansions during the Last Glacial Maximum followed by contractions throughout the Holocene, suggesting broadly similar responses to Late Quaternary climatic oscillations. Geometric morphometric analyses detected modest but statistically significant phenotypic differentiation among some island pairs in both species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings indicate that the microevolutionary and demographic dynamics in Mediterranean island grasshoppers are shaped by the interplay between limi","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Caudal Regeneration Anomalies in Geckos Are Associated With Global Solar Radiation Gradients","authors":"Lucas Rodriguez Forti,&nbsp;Octavio Jiménez-Robles,&nbsp;Arthur Igor da Fonseca Freire,&nbsp;Judit K. Szabo","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70316","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Morphological abnormalities may reduce fitness in wild animals, making them ecologically relevant for conservation efforts. Anomalies, such as a bifurcation or a trifurcation of a regenerated gecko tail, can change locomotion, social signalling, and predator evasion, with potential effects on survival and reproductive success. Even though rare, these abnormalities raise important questions about their potential associations with environmental conditions and global distribution. We investigate the prevalence and potential correlates of abnormally regenerated tails in geckos.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1964–2023.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lizards.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed spatio-temporal patterns of anomaly prevalence based on 136,069 iNaturalist observations of 122 gecko genera. We overlaid the location of each observation with climate variables from WorldClim and PM2.5 air pollution data from a global monitoring database and explored whether ecological traits, i.e., activity period (diurnal, nocturnal, or cathemeral) and habitat use (fossorial, arboreal, terrestrial, or saxicolous) change the likelihood of abnormal tail regeneration.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified 89 cases of abnormal tail regrowth in 21 genera. While the number of all observations increased over time, particularly since 2018, the annual rate of abnormalities peaked in 2006. No spatial autocorrelation was detected, and ecological traits, such as activity period and habitat use, did not affect abnormality rates. Fossorial genera exhibited no caudal abnormalities. Solar radiation showed a marginally positive effect (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −0.23, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.063) on the likelihood of multiple tails. Other factors, such as thermal amplitude, PM2.5, and precipitation, showed non-significant and weaker effects.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings indicate that exposure to solar radiation is potentially associated with an increased rate of abnormal tail regeneration in geckos alongside subtle or unmeasured environmental drivers. Our results underscore the value of cit","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Tropical Vegetation From the Pliocene to the Anthropocene","authors":"Ubirajara Oliveira,&nbsp;Britaldo Silveira Soares-Filho","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70304","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The tropics harbour most of Earth's terrestrial biodiversity. This biodiversity has been influenced by cycles of climatic stability and instability over millions of years and may be affected by abrupt changes in the near future. We reconstructed the geographic distribution of the major tropical vegetation types (deserts, semi-arid, shrublands, savannas, wetlands and forests) and their physiognomies from the near end of the Pliocene (3.3 Ma) to the late Holocene and projected changes for 2041–2060 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Tropical regions worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;From the near end of the Pliocene (3.3 Ma) to the late Holocene, with projections for 2041–2060.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Systems Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Tropical vegetation types and physiognomies.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We modelled vegetation types and physiognomies with deep learning algorithms using paleoclimatic variables and future climate estimates as predictors. In addition, we quantified the temporal stability and instability of climate, vegetation types and physiognomies.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Evidence from models and data shows reorganizations of tropical biomes, including changes in biome extent, spatial arrangement and connectivity, as well as forest retraction and the expansion of savannas and other open vegetation types. We identified historically stable nuclei, totalling about one-fifth of the tropics, contrasting with recurrently unstable ecotone zones. Future projections indicate potential widespread physiognomic opening and forest contractions by mid-century, with intensification under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, especially in the Amazon. Long-term stability in the Malay Archipelago, combined with projected instability, suggests greater sensitivity of endemic lineages to rapid disturbances.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The results show that the magnitude of near-future changes resembles the final phase of the Pliocene, but compressed into a few decades, reinforcing the urgency of effective global policies for mitigating anthropogenic climate change so as to avert shifts towards no","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic Barriers and Lowland Corridors Structure Gene Flow in the Chagas Vector Rhodnius pallescens Across the Isthmian Forests","authors":"Juliana Hoyos,&nbsp;Natalia J. Bayona-Vásquez,&nbsp;Azael Saldaña,&nbsp;Sonia Altizer,&nbsp;Troy J. Kieran,&nbsp;Vanessa Pineda,&nbsp;Kadir Gonzalez,&nbsp;Jose E. Calzada,&nbsp;Travis Glenn,&nbsp;Raissa Nogueira de Brito,&nbsp;Milixa Perea,&nbsp;Adelys Reina,&nbsp;Chystrie Rigg,&nbsp;John Paul Schmidt,&nbsp;Vanessa Vasquez,&nbsp;Susan Tanner,&nbsp;Julie Velásquez Runk,&nbsp;Nicole L. Gottdenker","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70298","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Biogeographic processes can profoundly shape the connectivity and evolutionary potential of arthropod disease vectors. We investigated how Panama's ecological and topographic transitions structure populations of the kissing bug &lt;i&gt;Rhodnius pallescens&lt;/i&gt;, the primary vector of the Chagas disease agent &lt;i&gt;Trypanosoma cruzi&lt;/i&gt; in the region.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Central America.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Present.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using 3RAD sequencing, we analysed genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from 101 individual kissing bugs collected at 11 sites spanning three ecoregions: the Isthmian-Pacific Moist Forests, the Isthmian-Atlantic Moist Forests and the Panamanian Dry Forests. We evaluated genetic diversity and divergence, directional migration, and spatially explicit gene-flow models to map genetic connectivity onto landscape features.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Across analyses, &lt;i&gt;R. pallescens&lt;/i&gt; samples segregated into two well-supported genetic lineages corresponding to Isthmian-Pacific Moist Forests versus Isthmian-Atlantic Moist Forests/Dry Forests regions, with little evidence of admixture. Migration networks revealed asymmetric, spatially structured exchange within ecoregions, but no detectable gene flow between them. Effective Migration Surfaces identified three robust biogeographic breaks: (i) the mountainous corridor around El Valle de Antón along the continental divide, (ii) the ecotone between Pacific moist and dry forests and (iii) a barrier associated with the Panama Canal/Soberanía forest corridor. Parasite SNPs showed weak spatial structure, indicating dispersal decoupled from vector populations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Together, these patterns indicate that elevation gradients and ecoregional transitions, rather than geographic distance alone, are determinants of gene flow. This observed structure is consistent with short-range dispersal and strong habitat association with &lt;i&gt;Attalea&lt;/i&gt; palms, the primary habitat of &lt;i&gt;R. pallescens&lt;/i&gt;. Our results position the Cordillera Central and adjacent ecotones as enduring filters to &lt;i&gt;R. pallescens&lt;/i&gt; gene flow, generating long-standing regional lineages and shaping the landscape over which adaptive alleles can","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrialization Drives a Late-19th-Century Pulse in Appalachian Fire Activity","authors":"Thomas Saladyga,&nbsp;R. Stockton Maxwell","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fire has long influenced forests in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America, but the extent to which 19th-century industrialization reshaped regional fire regimes remains less understood. We evaluated whether industrial-era fire activity represented a statistically extreme departure from longer-term variability and examined how fire activity was organized across the region during and after industrialization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Appalachian Mountains, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pinus</i> spp.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled tree-ring fire-scar records from 66 Appalachian sites and analyzed annual network fire occurrence using a core network of 32 sites with sufficient temporal coverage between 1800 and 1950. We identified regime shifts in regional fire activity, evaluated relationships with reconstructed drought variability, examined spatial patterns of shared fire years among sites, and mapped post-1950 fire persistence across the broader network.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Network fire occurrence increased during the late 19th century before collapsing during the early 20th century. Elevated fire activity coincided with rapid railroad expansion and broader industrial-era land-use change. Fire activity remained associated with drought throughout the record, but the timing and magnitude of the industrial-era fire pulse aligned more closely with industrialization and subsequent fire suppression than with shifts in reconstructed climate variability. Analyses of shared fire years among sites indicated weak spatial structuring, suggesting that elevated regional fire activity reflected geographically widespread human ignitions across heterogeneous landscapes. Post-1950 fire persistence was concentrated within the Pennsylvania anthracite and southern West Virginia coal regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Industrialization coincided with a regional pulse in Appalachian fire activity characterized by widespread human ignitions associated with industrial-era land use, while climatic variability continued to modulate fire activity through time. Persistent fire activity within Appalachian coalfield regions further suggests that industrial and post-industrial land-use legacies contributed to the uneven decline of fire activity during the suppression era.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Underpinning Biodiversity Disparities Between Tropical and Temperate Mountains","authors":"Yingbo Yang,&nbsp;Zhenghan Bian,&nbsp;Jianquan Liu,&nbsp;Nawal Shrestha","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although studies have linked mountain radiations to clade diversification rates, it is unclear whether or why these radiations differ between tropical and temperate mountains. Here, we investigated differences in species richness, climatic niche space, lineage accumulation, and diversification rates of a widespread montane shrub between tropical and temperate mountains, and explored the ecological and evolutionary factors that contribute to these disparities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Gaultheria</i> (Ericaceae), represented by 292 species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We built a comprehensive global distribution dataset of the genus and combined it with a dated molecular phylogeny to assess species diversity, climatic niche space, and diversification rates across tropical and temperate mountains. We evaluated the contributions of environmental heterogeneity, climate stability, and other ecological factors to the observed diversity patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The extant diversity of <i>Gaultheria</i> is significantly higher in tropical than in temperate mountains. The variables representing habitat heterogeneity and climate stability were the best predictors of species richness. Niche diversity was significantly higher in tropical mountains, while diversification rate analyses revealed no significant differences between tropical and temperate lineages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings provide empirical evidence that higher species richness in tropical mountains is associated with broader climatic niches, greater environmental heterogeneity, and long-term species persistence rather than elevated diversification rates. These findings provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms shaping the exceptional biodiversity in tropical montane ecosystems and highlight the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes in shaping regional differences in species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}