Journal of Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Indigenous and European-American Land-Use Legacies in Forest Composition, Fort Drum, Northern New York State: What Do Species Distribution Models Detect Across a Local Extent?","authors":"Stephen J. Tulowiecki","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How consequential is past land use in shaping forest compositional patterns as inferred through fine resolution, local-extent species distribution models (SDMs)? Do legacies of Indigenous and European-American land-use regimes interact and influence past and present forest composition? Do proxies of past land use improve SDMs?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fort Drum, northern New York State, US (434 km²).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>27 tree taxa across 18 genera: <i>Acer, Amelanchier, Betula, Carpinus, Carya, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Ostrya, Pinus, Populus, Prunus, Quercus, Salix, Thuja, Tilia, Tsuga</i> and <i>Ulmus.</i>\u0000 </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Development of Species Distribution Models (SDMs) of Tree Taxa Circa 2000 Recorded in a Forest Inventory (<i>n</i> = 10,043 Plots), and Analysis of Original Land Survey Records Circa 1800 in Conjunction with Archaeological Data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>‘Distance to nearest circa 1950 forest’ was the most important predictor in SDMs of circa 2000 tree taxon distributions, more so than soil conditions such as soil moisture and pH. This predictor increased the predictive performance of SDMs of distributions circa 2000 (e.g., mean increase in AUC = 0.025). SDMs did not suggest that past Indigenous land-use legacies extensively existed within taxon distributions, but they detected some relationships between archaeological sensitivity, oak and pine circa 1800 and 2000.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measures of land use or past land cover improve the predictive power of fine resolution SDMs, and interacting legacies of differing land-use regimes may shape current species distributions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Penguin Geographic Limits","authors":"Amanda Mourão Santos,&nbsp;Ubirajara Oliveira","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Penguins are seabirds exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere, with their existence dating back to the late Cretaceous. Despite their exceptional dispersal capabilities, which allow them to inhabit a wide range of environments—from polar regions to temperate zones, and even near the Equator—penguins are absent in the Northern Hemisphere. This study aims to determine whether phylogenetic niche conservatism could explain why penguins are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We built a robust database using presence and absence data for penguins and based the variables on Soberón and Peterson's concept of niche, incorporating temperature, marine productivity and latitude and longitude maps to represent Fundamental Niche, Interspecific interactions, and Accessible Area, respectively. We employed multiple modelling algorithms and conducted a phylogenetic niche conservation test. Additionally, we performed an independent analysis using unsupervised classification to identify climatically similar regions and clusters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found the highest suitability frequency in the Southern Hemisphere, although suitable locations also exist in the Northern Hemisphere. The overall rate of phylogenetic niche conservation was strong. Our analysis of climatic similarities between the two hemispheres revealed a lack of correspondence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Mains Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to results, the Southern Hemisphere is the most suitable environment for penguins. The relationship between cold ocean currents and these seabirds extends beyond the historical dispersal pathways, suggesting a link to the maintenance of living species. The strong phylogenetic niche conservation value that was identified may partially explain why the majority of penguin niches are restricted to regions with milder temperatures, as extinct lineages thrived in such climates. Furthermore, phylogenetic niche conservatism appears to be a significant barrier, confining penguins to the Southern Hemisphere.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.15179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variation and Climatic Correlates of Phylogenetic Diversity and Dispersion of Butterfly Faunas Worldwide","authors":"Hong Qian,&nbsp;Shenhua Qian","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigating the relationships between measures of phylogenetic structure and environmental variables can help us understand the variation in species richness and phylogenetic structure in biological assemblages. Here, we analyse a comprehensive data set for butterfly faunas to explore the relationships of phylogenetic diversity and dispersion with climatic variables across the world in order to understand how climatic factors might have played a role in driving geographic patterns of metrics of phylogenetic structure in butterfly assemblages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Butterflies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For butterfly assemblages in each grid cell of 100 km by 100 km, phylogenetic diversity was measured as mean pairwise distance, and phylogenetic dispersion was measured as the standardised effect size of mean pairwise distance. These two metrics were related to six variables representing current climatic conditions and two variables representing historical (Quaternary) climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that phylogenetic diversity and dispersion increase with increasing mean annual temperature; current climatic variables are stronger drivers of phylogenetic diversity and dispersion than Quaternary climate change variables; temperature-related variables are stronger drivers of phylogenetic diversity and dispersion than precipitation-related variables; and climate extreme variables are stronger drivers of phylogenetic diversity but weaker drivers of phylogenetic dispersion than climate seasonality variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In most cases, the geographic patterns and climatic associations of phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in butterflies found in this study are consistent with those found in previous studies for angiosperms, which may be, to some degree, caused by the co-evolution of these two groups of organisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Cetacean Habitat Suitability in the Northeast Pacific From Citizen Science Data","authors":"Lauren E. Dares,&nbsp;Chloe V. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Citizen science is an important source of biodiversity information, particularly for gathering information on species distributions across large geographic areas. However, there are challenges with spatial and species biases, and variation in effort in citizen science data. We aimed to investigate summer and winter habitat suitability for cetacean species reported in the northeastern Pacific by applying species distribution models (SDMs) to opportunistic sightings data submitted to the Ocean Wise Sightings Network (OWSN).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>British Columbia, Washington State, South Alaska.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Order Cetacea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We employed maximum entropy SDMs for the 10 cetacean species most frequently reported to the OWSN between 2002 and 2022. We thinned the dataset to account for spatial bias in sighting locations and used occurrences of non-target species as background points to ensure the same spatial bias in the presence and pseudoabsence data. Best-performing models were selected based on continuous Boyce Index evaluated against null models, and habitat suitability predictions for four species were compared with density surface model (DSM) predictions (Wright et al. 2021) using the Jaccard–Tanimoto Index. Ensemble predictions for each of the 10 species were then made using best-performing models on seasonal means of environmental variables across the study period to produce coast-wide maps of relative habitat suitability for each species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across all 10 species, SDMs closely reflected the known seasonal species distribution across the northeastern Pacific. Summer habitat hotspots across all species included: the continental shelf offshore of Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii and following the deep canyons of Queen Charlotte Sound; and winter hotspots encompassed nearshore waters within British Columbia and Washington, as well as much of Hecate Strait in the north and southern parts of Queen Charlotte Sound. SDM suitable habitat predictions for Dall's porpoise, harbour porpoise, fin whale, and humpback whale in summer 2018 were significantly similar to DSM predictions (Wright et al. 2021) compared using the Jaccard–Tanimoto index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.15164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat-Forming Species: Buffers or Amplifiers for Mutualistic Organisms in Response to Climate Change?","authors":"Junmei Qu,&nbsp;Zhixin Zhang,&nbsp;Shaobo Ma,&nbsp;Yaqi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Tang,&nbsp;Jianping Yin,&nbsp;Geng Qin,&nbsp;Qiang Lin","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Habitat-forming species play a critical role in coral reef ecosystems by creating complex physical structures for marine species. Driven by climate change, these habitat-forming species are undergoing considerable shifts in their geographical distribution, which might trigger cascading effects via protection mutualisms, leading to alterations in the relationships between species. We examined the role of habitat-forming species in regulating spatial distributions of their mutualistic protectors' influence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global coastal ocean.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used species distribution models to examine how suitable habitats for organisms that form mutualistic relationships with habitat-forming species respond to climate change, focusing on two representative macrosymbiotic relationships in coral reefs: Coral–coral crab and sea anemone–clownfish.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed that corals are more sensitive to climate change than sea anemones, experiencing greater range contractions under projected future conditions. Consequently, the distribution ranges of both coral-mutualistic crabs and sea anemone-mutualistic clownfishes are expected to reduce even further when protection mutualisms are considered. Coral crabs are projected to undergo a more rapid range size loss than clownfishes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the importance of incorporating interspecific interactions among habitat-forming species into predictions of potential shifts in the biogeographic distributions of mutualistic protectors under climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Origins of the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient: Revisiting the Tropical Conservatism Hypothesis","authors":"John J. Wiens,&nbsp;Michael J. Donoghue","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the origins of species richness patterns (especially high tropical richness) is a long-standing challenge at the intersection of biogeography, ecology, and evolutionary biology. One hypothesis that can potentially explain the latitudinal richness gradient is the tropical conservatism hypothesis (TCH). The TCH proposes that there are presently more species in tropical regions because many clades originated in the tropics and have only colonised the temperate zones more recently, leaving less time for speciation to build up temperate richness, and with niche conservatism limiting temperate colonisation by tropical clades. Here, we review the empirical evidence for the TCH. We first define this hypothesis, outline its major predictions, and describe its relationship to similar hypotheses. We then perform a systematic review to quantitatively evaluate the support for (and against) its major predictions. Finally, we describe several areas for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present to ~750 million years ago.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All (especially plants and animals).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We perform a systematic review of the evidence for the TCH over the last ~20 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most predictions of the TCH were supported in a significant majority of the studies that examined them. Further, a significant majority of relevant studies rejected the role of higher tropical diversification rates in driving the latitudinal diversity gradient (contrary to the diversification-rate and out-of-the-tropics hypotheses). Surprisingly, the importance of diversification rates did not depend on the ages of the clades studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results generally support the TCH, but also highlight several important issues moving forward. Most studies tested very few predictions of the TCH, and the pivotal role of colonisation time was often untested. Many studies analysed phylogenetic diversity measures, but their relevance for explaining richness patterns remains disturbingly unclear. Finally, we discuss several unresolved questions about the TCH and the origins of richness patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights Into the Phylogeny and Biogeography of Goji Berries (Lycium, Solanaceae) Inferred From Plastid Data","authors":"Gulbar Yisilam,&nbsp;Kenneth M. Cameron,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Zhang,&nbsp;En-Ting Zheng,&nbsp;Chuan-Ning Li,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhou Chu,&nbsp;Ying Su,&nbsp;Jia-Lei Li,&nbsp;Yu-Wei Wang,&nbsp;Jin Li,&nbsp;Pan Li,&nbsp;Xin-Min Tian","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Lycium</i> L. (Solanaceae), which is known for producing goji berries, is an important plant with both medicinal and edible uses. This genus is globally distributed in temperate and subtropical regions. However, a comprehensive phylogeny and evolutionary history of this plant group is lacking so far. This study was executed to produce novel insights into the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of this small but economically important genus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>North America, South America, Hawaii, Africa and Eurasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Lycium</i> L. (Solanaceae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We established a phylogenetic framework for <i>Lycium</i> based on complete plastome sequences and data from 80 protein-coding genes across 43 <i>Lycium</i> species using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Furthermore, 14 species from the Solanaceae family were used as outgroups. Additionally, two Solanoideae fossils and one secondary calibration point were used to estimate divergence times and reveal the biographical history of these plants through ancestral area reconstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed that six North American <i>Lycium</i> species were strongly supported as monophyletic with high support and were sister clades to the remainder of the genus. The remaining species from North America, South America and the Hawaiian Islands shared a common ancestor, whereas all species from Africa, Saharo-Arabia and Eurasia formed a distinct clade. Our results indicated that <i>Lycium</i> originated in North America during the Late Oligocene and then dispersed to Hawaii and South America, from there to Africa, and then further to Saharo-Arabia, with a more recent dispersal to Eurasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our plastid genome data confirmed that <i>Lycium</i> originated in North America and identified long-distance dispersal as the key to its global distribution. Genomic insights facilitate species identification and contribute to conservation efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Panda Phylogenetic Conundrum: Are There Two Distinct Species?","authors":"Supriyo Dalui,&nbsp;Lalit Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Mukesh Thakur","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>), an enigmatic and endangered Himalayan species, was recently classified into two phylogenetic species based on samples analyzed from China and Nepal, leaving a substantial distribution gap of red panda across the western side of the Yalu Zangbu River, particularly in India and Bhutan. This study aims to re-evaluate this phylogenetic species classification as proposed by the Chinese researchers, with a focus on the populations flanking the Siang River in the Eastern Himalayas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern Himalayas, particularly the transboundary region encompassing Arunachal Pradesh, India and areas west of the Yalu Zangbu/Siang River.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ailurus fulgens, Cuvier, 1825 (Ailuridae).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed mitochondrial (D-loop) and nuclear (microsatellite) data from red pandas sampled on both sides of the Siang River. We also assessed phenotypic variation using field-collected photographs, comparing individuals assigned to the Chinese and Himalayan lineages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analyses revealed a mitochondrial divergence of ~0.3 million years between lineages. However, microsatellite data indicated ongoing gene flow between populations on either side of the Siang River. Furthermore, no clear-cut phenotypic differences were observed in individuals from the contact zones, contrasting earlier reports of diagnostic traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that the red panda populations exhibit incomplete reproductive isolation and shared morphological traits, supporting their classification at the subspecies level rather than as distinct phylogenetic species. We recommend adopting a subspecies-based conservation strategy to maintain genetic continuity and support comprehensive management across their full distribution range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twin Cradles of Diversity: Parallel In-Situ Radiations in India and Africa Drive the Evolution of Hemidactylus Geckos","authors":"Madhura Agashe,&nbsp;Jiří Šmíd,&nbsp;Vojtěch Janák,&nbsp;Aritra Biswas,&nbsp;K. Praveen Karanth","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dynamic geological history of the Earth, alongside dispersal and vicariance processes, has profoundly shaped global biodiversity patterns. The species-rich gecko genus <i>Hemidactylus</i>, with its nearly worldwide distribution, offers a compelling system to investigate these evolutionary processes. In this study, we aimed to resolve the long-debated origin of <i>Hemidactylus</i> and disentangle the directionality of its dispersal events, while identifying major centres of diversification across its range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Hemidactylus</i> geckos.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of <i>Hemidactylus</i> using six nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, covering ~80% of described species, by employing both concatenation and coalescent-based methods. We then used a time-stratified BioGeoBEARS framework, informed by plate tectonics, to estimate ancestral ranges. To further account for phylogenetic and geographic uncertainty, we implemented biogeographic stochastic mapping to quantify the frequency and direction of dispersal, in situ speciation, and vicariance events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results supported an origin of <i>Hemidactylus</i> on the Indian plate around 58 million years ago, followed by a major dispersal into Africa. These two regions emerged as independent but parallel centres of in situ speciation. Subsequent dispersals led to a secondary diversification in the Middle East, and more recent colonisation events extended the genus's range into Southeast Asia and the Neotropics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose an Indian origin for <i>Hemidactylus</i> and identify multiple hubs of diversification, notably in India and Africa. The genus's evolutionary success appears to have been shaped by directional, long-distance dispersal events combined with repeated in situ speciation. Together, these processes have enabled <i>Hemidactylus</i> to become one of the most widespread and speciose gecko genera.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between the Poles: Rethinking Global Patterns in Sea Anemone Biodiversity","authors":"Charlotte Benedict,&nbsp;Michael Broe,&nbsp;Marymegan Daly,&nbsp;Maanas Nukala","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess global sampling coverage of sea anemones and global species richness across four different spatial resolutions, and analyse these along latitudinal gradients to investigate true bimodality and the extent to which these patterns have been influenced by uneven sampling efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study encompasses a global scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Occurrence data included in this study were collected from 1900 to present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sea anemones (Actiniaria).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using 247,542 global occurrence records, we estimated species richness and sampling coverage across four resolutions of grid cells: 800 km, 600 km, 400 km and 200 km. We employed a standardised rarefaction-extrapolation approach to mitigate biases introduced by uneven sampling efforts and to ensure comparability across spatial scales, then compared these species richness estimates across latitudes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across all resolutions, we find a discernible peak in species richness in temperate latitudes, however, the latitudinal peak in diversity shifts dependent on the resolution; our coarsest resolution reveals the most pronounced bimodality, with peaks especially pronounced around 40° N and 40° S, while our finest resolution reveals species richness peaks at 40°–60° N and a subtler increase around 40° S. We find highest observed species richness consistently in temperate regions across resolutions, particularly in southern California, United States and northern Europe. Across all resolutions, we find a discernible peak in species richness in temperate latitudes, however, the latitudinal peak in diversity shifts dependent on the resolution; our coarsest resolution reveals the most pronounced bimodality, with peaks especially pronounced around 40° N and 40° S, while our finest resolution reveals species richness peaks at 40°–60° N and a subtler increase around 40° S.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sea anemones display an asymmetrically bimodal pattern of global diversity and display the highest species richness at temperate latitudes around 40° N and 40° S","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.15167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}