Journal of Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Distribution Patterns of Scarabaeoidea: A Biogeographical Regionalization Proposal for El Salvador","authors":"José D. Pablo-Cea,&nbsp;Andrés Ramírez-Ponce,&nbsp;Claudia E. Moreno,&nbsp;Ronald D. Cave,&nbsp;Victor Moctezuma,&nbsp;Juan D. Sánchez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Octavio Rojas-Soto","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To conduct a biogeographical regionalization of El Salvador, based on the potential distribution patterns of the superfamily Scarabaeoidea and using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>El Salvador, Central America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential distribution models were developed for 160 species using Maxent. Based on the resulting potential richness patterns, a Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity was performed using hexagonal grids of 50 km² across El Salvador. Clades of cells sharing species compositions (geographical synapomorphies) were identified, and the regions corresponding to each clade were delineated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five clades were identified, corresponding to the following biogeographic regions: (1) Pacific Lowlands; (2) Eastern Interior Valley; (3) Chortis Volcanic Front (Central American Volcanic Arc); (4) Western Interior Valley; (5) Northern Mountains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species distribution models, combined with parsimony analyses, strengthen the versatility of both methods for identifying biogeographical patterns at finer spatial scales, facilitate the first species-based biogeographic regionalization of El Salvador, and demonstrate that micro-scale analyses can reveal internal structure within broadly defined Central American provinces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Size Variation in Response to Climate Drivers Depends on Plant Life Form","authors":"Jiayi Lu,&nbsp;Shihao Wen,&nbsp;Siyu Chen,&nbsp;Yuran Dong,&nbsp;Xiuping Wu,&nbsp;Yao Li,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ge,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Chase,&nbsp;Lingfeng Mao","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant leaf size and shape vary across major climatic gradients, reflecting the mechanisms for how plants regulate the balance of carbon, water, and heat. However, the influence of climate on leaf traits can be confounded by multiple factors, and the complex variation among different plant groups remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated how climate influences leaf size traits and whether this effect is moderated by plant life form.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Angiosperms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on leaf length, width, and aspect ratio data from 26,726 angiosperm species distributed across major climate gradients in China, we analysed the effects of temperature and precipitation on leaf size traits, and compared differences among plant life forms (woody vs. herbaceous and evergreen vs. deciduous). Additionally, spatial heterogeneity was assessed across eight vegetation zones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaves are generally larger and rounder in warm and humid areas, and smaller and narrower in cooler and more arid areas. All leaf size traits respond more strongly to precipitation than temperature, with leaf length showing the strongest responses to both climate variables. Herbaceous and deciduous species exhibit stronger climate responses nationwide, whereas woody and evergreen species are more sensitive within vegetation zones. Key responsive traits show clear geographic shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, we find that leaf size and shape vary strongly across China, as a result of climate variation, but these patterns are modified by dominant regional ecological processes and the ecological strategies of plant life forms. These findings not only help clarify variation in plant traits along climatic gradients, but also provide a theoretical framework for predicting how different plant morphologies will respond to ongoing climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversification and Colonisation in the Indo-Australian Archipelago: Genomic Insights From Colubrid Snakes","authors":"Justin M. Bernstein,&nbsp;Christopher C. Austin,&nbsp;J. Angel Soto-Centeno,&nbsp;Tianqi Huang,&nbsp;Jackson R. Roberts,&nbsp;Jimmy A. McGuire,&nbsp;Djoko T. Iskandar,&nbsp;Bulisa Iova,&nbsp;Jeffrey H. Frederick,&nbsp;Marites B. Sanguila,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Weinell,&nbsp;Rafe M. Brown,&nbsp;Sara Ruane","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70202","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) is one of the most geologically complex and species-rich regions on Earth. However, our knowledge of the geological processes and dispersal mechanisms that generate archipelago-wide distributions across the IAA is limited to a few vertebrate groups and often solely attributed to Plio-Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations. In this study, we use phylogenomics-based analyses to investigate two speciose and closely related genera of snakes, &lt;i&gt;Lycodon&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Stegonotus&lt;/i&gt; (Serpentes: Colubridae), which are widely distributed across the IAA to identify which biogeographic and environmental processes have shaped snake diversity in this region.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;South Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Indochina, Sundaland, Philippines, Wallacea, Australasia).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Taxon&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Snakes (Colubridae: &lt;i&gt;Lycodon, Stegonotus&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We inferred a phylogeny using a genomic dataset consisting of ultraconserved elements, anchored hybrid enrichment loci, and protein-coding genes (~5400 nuclear loci) from 38 species (154 samples) of &lt;i&gt;Lycodon&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Stegonotus&lt;/i&gt;. We used ancestral range estimation analysis to identify dispersal patterns across the IAA. Additionally, we implemented ensemble species distribution models to identify potential hotspots of &lt;i&gt;Lycodon&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Stegonotus&lt;/i&gt; species richness and determined the environmental influence on geographic distributions and species diversity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We find that these snakes comprise six deeply divergent lineages (genera) that initially originated in Mainland Southeast Asia during the Oligocene. Diversification of these lineages is influenced not by Plio-Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations but by multiple historical processes, including in situ diversification, island hopping, long-distance rafting, possible microcontinental block drifting, Cenozoic land bridge migrations and founder events. The species distribution models do not consistently estimate lower or higher species richness in any particular region within the IAA, but precipitation overall is considered an important factor in estimated species richness.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Although Plio-Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations are notorious species pump diversification paradigms in the IAA, multiple and more ancient geological p","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Mountain Birth to Mammalian Marvels: A Review of the Himalayas' Role in Mammalian Biogeography","authors":"Basant Sharma,&nbsp;Andrew Hope","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Himalayas emerged from a semi-aquatic landscape into the tallest mountain system on Earth, driving major environmental changes. Yet, how mammalian communities responded to this transition remains poorly understood. Addressing this gap is critical for understanding the resilience of mammalian assemblages under ongoing environmental changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We summarize the history of the Himalayas, highlighting key landscape and environmental transformations, and use mammals to exemplify the Himalayas' role in community assembly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our review highlights that initial uplift due to the northward movement of the Indian Plate towards the Eurasian Plate resulted in a shallow sea and surrounding semi-aquatic environments, supporting earliest ancestors of modern cetaceans. As uplift progressed, it served as a biological corridor between two plates, facilitating mammalian dispersal in both directions, with subsequent radiations. Continued uplift gave rise to differential climate zones, establishing diverse mammalian communities across elevational gradients. With further increase, it transitioned into a significant biogeographic barrier, driving desertification to the north, intensifying monsoon systems in the south, and shaping river systems and valleys, all impacting the biogeographic complexity of the region. During Quaternary glaciations, river valleys acted as climatic refugia, enabling the persistence of many mammalian lineages. Throughout, precipitation remained higher in the Eastern Himalayas than in the west, leading to additional longitudinal variation in mammalian assemblages. Today, Himalayan mammals span multiple biogeographic realms, with strongest mammalian community similarities to Southeast Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Future Direction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Much of the material presented reflects evidence from the fossil record, spatial mapping, and recent but sparse genomic work on megafauna, which alone cannot fully explain mammalian responses to changes in the Himalayas. Modern genomic studies and broader sampling, mainly of highly diverse but underrepresented small taxa (rodents, bats, and shrews) are needed to update species origins, diversification, and community assembly to advance knowledge on Himalayan biodiversity dynamics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Biogeography of Benthic and Mid-Water Coastal Fish Communities of the Galapagos: Stereo-BRUVs Surveys Support the Use of Bioregions for Management","authors":"Etienne Rastoin-Laplane,&nbsp;Simon James McKinley,&nbsp;Pelayo Salinas-de-León,&nbsp;David Acuña-Marrero,&nbsp;Jordan Goetze,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Saunders,&nbsp;Hannah Ashe,&nbsp;Megan Cundy,&nbsp;Euan S. Harvey","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogeographical frameworks inform effective marine spatial planning, assessing ecological patterns across taxa and environments. In the Galapagos Archipelago, benthic bioregions guided marine reserve zoning, yet their representation of the mid-water environment remains unassessed. Our study aimed to strengthen the understanding of patterns in marine biogeography in Galapagos by assessing whether the currently accepted benthic bioregions also represent mid-water reef fish communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Galapagos Archipelago.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marine fish species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used baited remote underwater stereo-video systems to conduct archipelago-wide surveys of benthic and mid-water fish communities. Locations were sampled during the cold and warm seasons, yielding 598 deployments which were analysed to compare multivariate patterns between bioregions and environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bioregion partitioning based on benthic fish community data was more distinct than in previous studies with the Far-North, North, Centre-Southeast and West bioregions displaying significantly different community compositions. The main Galapagos bioregions displayed less distinct coastal mid-water fish communities suggesting three subdivisions may be more representative, namely the Far-North, West and the Centre-Southeast plus North combined. When compared with benthic communities, mid-water communities displayed higher heterogeneity, lower species richness and were dominated by species with extensive distribution ranges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study builds upon previous biogeographic studies in the Galapagos Islands by considering previous limitations and assessing both benthic and mid-water environments. Our results support the currently accepted bioregion scheme but suggest that the coastal mid-water environment could be divided into three, not four bioregions. Mid-water stereo-BRUVs represent a useful tool to study mid-water biogeographical patterns, and we recommend their application in other regions of the world to improve our understanding of biogeography in this understudied environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Variation in Body Size and Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) in the Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum)","authors":"Joel H. Gayford,&nbsp;Aaron M. Hasenei,&nbsp;Sophia M. Emmons,&nbsp;Carolyn R. Wheeler,&nbsp;Jodie L. Rummer","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body size is of paramount importance to the survival of all organisms because of the intimate associations between size, physiological processes and ecology. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD: differences in size between the sexes) is a direct consequence of these ecomorphological relationships, arising due to sex-based differences in selection on body size. Latitudinal variation in SSD—equivalent to sex-specific manifestations of Bergmann's, Rensch's and other temperature-size rules—has been recorded in many terrestrial species. Yet, the underlying proximate and ultimate causes of this geographical variation remain poorly understood and have been quantified in just a handful of marine taxa. Here, we assessed latitudinal variation in SSD among three distinct epaulette shark (<i>Hemiscyllium ocellatum</i>) populations across the Great Barrier Reef to better understand factors influencing geographical body size variation in a marine context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The epaulette shark (<i>Hemiscyllium ocellatum</i>) (Bonnaterre, 1788).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured the length and mass of 183 adult and subadult <i>H. ocellatum</i> individuals from three populations along the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Using these data, we also calculated Fulton's K, a measure of overall condition. We then fit ANOVA and GLM models comparing the latitudinal distribution of each body size metric between the sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both length and mass decrease with increasing latitude, directly contradicting the temperature–size rule. The slope of this cline varies significantly among the sexes, with males responding more strongly to latitudinal changes. This results in male-biased SSD in lower-latitude populations becoming statistically non-significant at higher latitudes. We suggest that these results are indicative of a latitudinal gradient in resource availability and sex-specific resource allocation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Legacy of the Last Ice Age Shapes Shallow Phylogeographic Structure in a Widespread Mediterranean Snake","authors":"Daniele Salvi,&nbsp;Luís Machado,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Pleguezuelos,&nbsp;Marc Cheylan,&nbsp;Miguel A. Carretero,&nbsp;David James Harris","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70221","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70221","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Mediterranean peninsulas typically harbour high intraspecific genetic diversity associated with long-term persistence in multiple glacial refugia. However, some widespread taxa show unexpectedly shallow phylogeographic structure. Here, we investigate which historical processes can generate a pattern of strong genetic depletion within a classic southern European refugial region.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Iberian Peninsula and southern France.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Taxon&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A widespread Mediterranean colubrid snake (&lt;i&gt;Zamenis scalaris&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We combined range-wide multilocus genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) with coalescent-based demographic inference, species distribution modelling under present and Last Glacial Maximum climatic conditions, and Pliocene–Pleistocene fossil evidence. This integrative framework was used to reconstruct refugial history, post-glacial expansion dynamics, and spatial patterns of genetic diversity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers indicate very low genetic variation across most of the species' range, with rare, derived haplotypes geographically clustered in southeastern and eastern Iberia. This pattern, combined with demographic reconstructions, indicates persistence through the Late Pleistocene in a single, spatially restricted refugium with reduced effective population size, followed by rapid post-glacial expansion around ~20 ka. Climatic suitability models and fossil records independently support this scenario, showing persistent suitable conditions confined to eastern–southeastern Iberia during glacial phases and a broad east-to-west temporal gradient of fossil occurrences consistent with long-term eastern persistence and subsequent westward expansion.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite its long-term presence in Iberia, &lt;i&gt;Zamenis scalaris&lt;/i&gt; lacks the multilayered phylogeographic structure typical of many Mediterranean vertebrates. Its genetic legacy is consistent with strong Late Pleistocene contraction that overrode deeper evolutionary history. This study highlights how glacial dynamics can erode genetic complexity even in widespread taxa within classical refugial regions, with broader implications for comparati","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Niche Conservatism and Evolutionary Dynamics in Octopodidae: A Phylogenetic Comparative Approach","authors":"Aura Pamela Santiago-Sarmiento,&nbsp;Citlalli Edith Esparza-Estrada,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Yáñez-Arenas,&nbsp;Luis Enrique Ángeles-González,&nbsp;Lucas Jardim","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70222","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding how ecological niches evolve is crucial for predicting species' responses to environmental change. Cephalopods, particularly those in the Octopodidae family, offer a compelling model system due to their short life spans, phenotypic plasticity and divergent developmental modes. We examined the evolutionary dynamics of the fundamental niche (FN) in Octopodidae by assessing niche overlap among closely related species pairs, quantifying phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) for temperature and dissolved oxygen, and evaluating phylogenetic signal and best-fitting evolutionary models across the family.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Temperate, tropical and subtropical oceanic waters.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Occurrence records span from 1858 to 2024, with more than 80% of the records from 2000 to 2024. Environmental variables were obtained from monthly data available for 2000–2020, with the subset from 2010 to 2020 used in the analyses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studies&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Octopodidae (d'Orbigny, 1839).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conducted pairwise niche overlap analyses, incorporating both occurrence data and multiple definitions of the accessible area. Phylogenetic signal was estimated using Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K, and evolutionary models (Brownian Motion, BM; Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, OU; and Early Burst, EB) were fitted for each niche trait.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sister-species comparisons revealed no statistically significant niche overlap (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05), suggesting niche lability at shallow phylogenetic levels, while evolutionary model selection supported the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model for all traits (&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;: 0.018–12.399), which is also consistent with the influence of stabilizing selection. Our analyses indicated stronger environmental constraints on temperature-related traits, suggesting greater limitations under thermal stress, whereas oxygen-related traits exhibited more variable patterns of phylogenetic constraints across niche dimensions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Collectively, these findings support a mosaic pattern of niche evolution, challenging traditional assumptions of strong PNC in marine organisms. Taken together, stronger constraints under thermal stress suggest that cephalopods may have a lim","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147685914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biogeography of ENSO-Induced Climate Variability, Deforestation Trends and Fire-Induced Forest Loss in the Neotropics","authors":"Andres González-González,&nbsp;Benjamin Quesada,&nbsp;Nicola Clerici,&nbsp;Juan Fernández-Manjarrés","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70213","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify Neotropical ecoregions experiencing compound environmental exposure to El Niño/La Niña-driven climate variability, deforestation trends and fire-induced forest loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neotropical realm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified historical exposure to ENSO-related climate variability by correlating the Oceanic Niño Index with four terrestrial climate variables (minimum and maximum temperatures, precipitation and Palmer drought severity index) for the period 1961–2021. Pixel-level correlations were aggregated into El Niño and La Niña exposure indices using entropy-weighting. Forest disturbance was characterized using cumulative forest loss, mean annual loss rate and fire-induced canopy loss derived from global remote-sensing datasets (2001–2023). Principal component analysis and <i>K</i>-means were used to classify ecoregions based on multi-variate exposure profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four clusters were identified across 150 forested ecoregions. ENSO-related climate exposure dominated regions from Central America to northern South America (27.3% of ecoregions), while deforestation (10.7%) and fire-induced forest loss (8.0%) characterized ecoregions primarily in the Amazon Basin and the Caribbean. Seven ecoregions, mainly in Colombia and Venezuela, exhibited consistently high exposure across climate variability, deforestation and fire-related disturbance: lowland moist forests (Catatumbo and Magdalena-Urabá), montane forests (Cordillera Oriental and Magdalena Valley) and dry forests (Apure-Villavicencio, Maracaibo and Patía).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlighted clear patterns of compound exposure, identifying ecoregions where climatic variability may interact with ongoing land-use pressures. While exposure does not equate to ecological vulnerability, these findings provide a biogeographical foundation for prioritizing regions where sensitivity and adaptive capacity assessments are most urgently needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147685969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting the Dots: Does COI Variability in Paramecium caudatum (Ciliates, Protista) Support the Moderate Endemicity Model of Microeukaryote Distribution?","authors":"Sebastian Tarcz,&nbsp;Sascha Krenek,&nbsp;Thomas U. Berendonk,&nbsp;Maria Rautian,&nbsp;Marta Surmacz,&nbsp;Ewa Przyboś","doi":"10.1111/jbi.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbi.70206","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding the biodiversity and distribution patterns of microbial eukaryotes is fundamental to biosphere research. The biogeography of free-living protists remains contentious, with the ‘everything is everywhere’ and ‘moderate endemicity’ hypotheses representing competing paradigms. Here, we investigate whether and how global genetic variability within the cosmopolitan species &lt;i&gt;Paramecium caudatum&lt;/i&gt; conforms to these models. We further examine whether genetic diversity within the COI gene can indicate the presence of cryptic species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global study encompassing samples from nearly all major biogeographic realms, including the Palearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian regions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Synthetic analysis combining historical data from public databases (GenBank) with newly collected data from strains isolated between 2015 and 2020.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The ciliate &lt;i&gt;Paramecium caudatum&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragment from over 300 strains of &lt;i&gt;P. caudatum&lt;/i&gt;, combining 231 newly sequenced samples with 103 sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), neighbour-joining (NJ), and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Haplotype networks were constructed using the median-joining method to assess genetic relationships and biogeographical patterns.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Analysis revealed five distinct COI haplogroups (A, B, C, D and E) within a &lt;i&gt;P. caudatum&lt;/i&gt; clade, each exhibiting distinct biogeographical signatures. Two haplogroups (A and B) displayed broad intercontinental distributions. In contrast, three others (C, D and E) showed restricted or endemic ranges, being confined to the Nearctic, northern Western Palearctic, and Indomalayan realms, respectively. The study revealed substantial intraspecific variability (Hd = 0.9252). Neutrality tests (Fu's &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and Tajima's &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;) and congruence with previously published nuclear genomic data indicate that the major identified haplogroups are not random clusters but represent ","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.70206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}