Biogeography and Niche Evolution of Odorrana schmackeri Complex in Southern China

IF 3.4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Biogeography Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1111/jbi.15162

Shize Li, Bin Wang, Jing Liu, Haijun Su, Gang Wei, Lang Mu, Tuo Shen, Zhitong Lyu, Yingyong Wang, Houqiang Xu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

The Odorrana schmackeri complex (OSC), widely distributed across southern China, presents intriguing mysteries regarding its diversification dynamics. Resolving these evolutionary enigmas would establish a crucial foundation for understanding biogeographic evolution in this topographically complex region. Therefore, we integrated phylogenetic, demographic, and ecological niche analyses to elucidate the roles of ancient tectonism, Quaternary climatic fluctuations, and niche evolution in shaping its diversification and distribution.

Location

Southern China.

Methods

Using two mitochondrial and eight nuclear genes, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships, estimated divergence times and assessed population dynamics. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were optimised via the ‘Kuenm’ package, and niche overlap, equivalency, and similarity were quantified using the ‘ecospat’ R package. Acestral niche and climatic tolerances reconstruction were used in the ‘phyloclim’ package.

Results

The OSC comprises nine species and originated from a mid-Miocene ancestor (~12.55 Ma). Mitochondrial phylogeny resolved four deeply divergent clades, while nuclear gene phylogeny revealed incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and historical gene flow (STRUCTURE, K = 7; JML, p > 0.05). Post-last glacial maximum (LGM) expansions (~0.02 Ma) facilitated secondary contact in sympatric zones, where niche conservatism dominated between sister species. Ancestral niche reconstruction identified precipitation variables as key drivers of early divergence, while thermal tolerances evolved conservatively. The results indicated that Miocene uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (~12.55–8.70 Ma) promoted southward expansion, while Pliocene-Pleistocene (~5.58–2.40 Ma) river reorganisations fragmented and later connected populations.

Main Conclusions

The OSC's diversification reflects the interplay between Miocene–Pliocene tectonism and Quaternary climatic cycles. While ancestral niche divergence along precipitation gradients initiated speciation, post-LGM sympatry favoured conservatism in thermal microhabitats. Combining multilocus phylogenetics, demographic inference, and niche modelling resolves the rapid-radiating models in the frog complex and highlights the dynamic roles of landscape features in shaping biogeographic patterns of them.

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中国南方臭臭草复合体的生物地理与生态位演化

目的：广泛分布于中国南方的臭臭菌（Odorrana schmackeri complex， OSC）在其多样化动态方面呈现出有趣的奥秘。解决这些进化之谜将为理解这一地形复杂地区的生物地理进化奠定重要基础。因此，我们综合系统发育、人口统计学和生态位分析来阐明古代构造作用、第四纪气候波动和生态位演化对其多样性和分布的影响。地点：中国南方。方法利用2个线粒体基因和8个核基因重建系统发育关系，估计分化时间，评估种群动态。通过“Kuenm”软件包对生态位模型（enm）进行优化，并使用“ecospat”R软件包对生态位重叠、等效性和相似性进行量化。在“phyloclim”包中使用了边缘生态位和气候耐受性重建。结果盐岩包括9种，起源为中中新世（~12.55 Ma）。线粒体系统发育解决了四个深度分化的进化支，而核基因系统发育则揭示了不完整的谱系分类（ILS）和历史基因流(STRUCTURE, K = 7；JML, p > 0.05)。末次冰期后极大期（LGM）扩展（~0.02 Ma）促进了同域带的二次接触，在同域带中，姊妹种之间的生态位保守性占主导地位。祖先生态位重建发现降水变量是早期分化的关键驱动因素，而热耐受性进化较为保守。结果表明，中新世青藏高原隆升（~12.55 ~ 8.70 Ma）促进了青藏高原向南扩张，而上新世—更新世（~5.58 ~ 2.40 Ma）河流重组了破碎的、后来连接的种群。盐含量多样化反映了中新世—上新世构造运动与第四纪气候旋回的相互作用。虽然沿降水梯度的祖先生态位分化启动了物种形成，但lgm后的同域共生有利于热微生境的保守性。结合多位点系统发育、人口统计学推断和生态位模型，解决了青蛙复合体的快速辐射模型，并强调了景观特征在塑造它们的生物地理格局中的动态作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Biogeography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

5.10%

发文量

203

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Papers dealing with all aspects of spatial, ecological and historical biogeography are considered for publication in Journal of Biogeography. The mission of the journal is to contribute to the growth and societal relevance of the discipline of biogeography through its role in the dissemination of biogeographical research.