From Genes to Shapes: Exploring Local Adaptation in Carpathian Ox-Eye Daisies

IF 3.4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Biogeography Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1111/jbi.15158

Kamil Konowalik, Olga Łuczak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

Historical processes have shaped the Carpathian biogeography, yet ongoing evolutionary forces continue to drive population differentiation. We aimed to test whether local adaptation in the Carpathian subendemic Leucanthemum rotundifolium correlates with genetic, morphological and environmental factors, and to assess how these patterns relate to established taxonomic concepts.

Location

The Carpathian Mountains, Central Europe.

Taxon

The genus Leucanthemum (Asteraceae), with a focus on L. rotundifolium.

Methods

We analysed multiple populations of L. rotundifolium across its Carpathian distribution. Each individual was characterised using a comprehensive set of measures encompassing: (1) genetic variation via SNP, Silico-DArT and chloroplast markers; (2) morphological traits, including detailed measurements and shape analysis of involucral bracts; and (3) environmental variables such as climate, soil characteristics, topography and indicators of human disturbance. We first evaluated how these data collectively distinguish different Leucanthemum species and align with current taxonomic concepts. Next, we examined how genetic, morphological and environmental factors interact within L. rotundifolium to differentiate individuals and populations.

Results

Taxonomically recognised species within Leucanthemum were supported by distinct genetic signatures (particularly SNPs), environmental preferences and key morphological traits (notably the measurements of the upper row of involucral bracts). At the intraspecific level, L. rotundifolium populations were primarily differentiated by genetic variation (across all markers) and by environmental factors. In contrast, morphological variability showed no strong spatial signal, though subtle tendencies toward differentiation emerged when morphological traits were interpreted in conjunction with consistent genetic and environmental clustering.

Main Conclusions

Our findings highlight that the taxonomy of Leucanthemum corresponds closely with genetic, environmental and certain morphological parameters. Within L. rotundifolium, local adaptation is strongly reflected in genetic and environmental divergence, while morphological traits appear more conservative. Nevertheless, subtle morphological shifts may still track underlying genetic and ecological differentiation, revealing a complex interplay of factors shaping the evolutionary trajectory of this Carpathian subendemic.

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从基因到形状：探索喀尔巴阡牛眼雏菊的局部适应

历史进程塑造了喀尔巴阡山脉的生物地理，但持续的进化力量继续推动种群分化。我们的目的是测试喀尔巴阡亚特有的圆叶菊（Leucanthemum rotundifolium）的局部适应是否与遗传、形态和环境因素相关，并评估这些模式如何与已建立的分类概念相关。地理位置：喀尔巴阡山脉，中欧。分类群：菊属（菊科），以圆叶菊为重点。方法对分布在喀尔巴阡山脉的圆叶l的多个居群进行分析。每个个体都使用一套全面的措施进行表征，包括：(1)通过SNP，硅- dart和叶绿体标记进行遗传变异；(2)形态特征，包括总苞片的详细测量和形状分析；(3)气候、土壤特征、地形、人为干扰指标等环境变量。我们首先评估了这些数据如何共同区分不同的菊种，并与当前的分类学概念保持一致。接下来，我们研究了遗传、形态和环境因素如何在圆叶内相互作用，以区分个体和群体。结果不同的遗传特征（特别是snp）、环境偏好和关键形态特征（特别是总苞片上排的测量）支持了菊属植物的分类识别。在种内水平上，圆叶橐吾居群的分化主要受遗传变异和环境因素的影响。相比之下，形态变异不表现出强烈的空间信号，尽管当形态特征与一致的遗传和环境聚类一起解释时，会出现微妙的分化趋势。本研究结果表明，菊属植物的分类与遗传、环境和某些形态参数密切相关。在圆叶橐吾中，局部适应强烈地反映在遗传和环境分化上，而形态特征则显得较为保守。尽管如此，细微的形态变化仍可能追踪潜在的遗传和生态分化，揭示了塑造喀尔巴阡亚地方性进化轨迹的复杂因素的相互作用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Biogeography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

5.10%

发文量

203

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Papers dealing with all aspects of spatial, ecological and historical biogeography are considered for publication in Journal of Biogeography. The mission of the journal is to contribute to the growth and societal relevance of the discipline of biogeography through its role in the dissemination of biogeographical research.