Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Symptoms of ADHD and Other Common Mental Disorders Influence Academic Success in South African Undergraduates.","authors":"Nawal Mohamad, Kim-Louise Rousseau, Fatimah Dowlut, Milton Gering, Kevin G F Thomas","doi":"10.1177/10870547241310659","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241310659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent among university students. These symptoms, particularly the inattentive cluster, predispose students to poorer academic performance and worse academic adjustment. Moreover, ADHD symptoms are often comorbid with other common mental disorders; this comorbidity also leads to poor outcomes. South African students often have fewer resources to successfully transition to university. Hence, our longitudinal study used data from a sample of South African first-year undergraduate students to investigate (a) associations between ADHD symptoms and academic performance/adjustment, (b) separate influences of the inattentive and hyperactivity-impulsivity clusters on academic performance/adjustment, and (c) the influence of the combination of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities on academic performance/adjustment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected data three times through the first semester of 2023. Predictors within our regression models included sociodemographic variables, psychological variables (self-reported symptoms of ADHD, depression, anxiety, and risky alcohol use), and high school academic performance. Outcomes were first-semester GPA and self-reported academic adjustment (magnitude of change across the semester and overall adjustment at the end of the semester).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses showed that, unlike academic performance (<i>N</i> = 506), magnitude of change in academic adjustment (<i>N</i> = 180) was significantly predicted by ADHD symptoms and the combination of ADHD (<i>p</i> = .02), depression (<i>p</i> < .001), and anxiety symptoms (<i>p</i> = .01). Inattentive ADHD symptoms predicted both academic performance and magnitude of change in academic adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the presence of ADHD symptoms (both with and without other common mental disorders) is associated with a smaller magnitude of academic adjustment, and that the presence of inattentive symptoms of ADHD is associated with both poorer academic performance and smaller magnitude of academic adjustment. These findings are significant in informing future interventions targeting the academic outcomes of first-year university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"363-386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operationalizing In-session Treatment Engagement Strategies and Behaviors for Adolescents With ADHD and Their Parents.","authors":"Margaret H Sibley, Lourdes M Rodriguez, Melissa Lopez, Erika M Brochu, Fabiana V Bracho, Mercedes Ortiz, Jasmine Hashimoto","doi":"10.1177/10870547241308632","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241308632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many treatment engagement challenges are documented for adolescents with ADHD. Across contexts, helping professionals (i.e., therapists, prescribers, educators, coaches) might benefit from an engagement strategy toolbox to facilitate work with adolescents with ADHD and their families.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current study describes the development and psychometric testing of the ADHD Engagement Process Code (AEPC), a measure that operationalizes engagement strategies in the context of a blended behavioral/motivational interviewing treatment for adolescent ADHD (Supporting Teens' Autonomy Daily; STAND). The AEPC also operationalizes in-session parent and adolescent engagement-related behaviors. Behavior counts and global codes were coded for 840 audio-recorded STAND sessions delivered by 21 therapists to 121 adolescents. Subsets of tapes were double coded using the AEPC's parent, adolescent, and therapist coding systems to assess kappa for line-by-line verbalizations and intraclass correlations for session-level behavior counts and global scores. Construct validity was assessed. We explored low frequency and low variability codes and examined correlations between codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AEPC codes possessed good to excellent inter-rater reliability and strong discriminant validity. Three low frequency codes and one low variability global were identified indicating opportunities for AEPC refinement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AEPC is publicly available (https://osf.io/kshfy/) and offers a library of adolescent-specific codes for those interested in measuring provider, parent, or adolescent engagement behaviors in relevant populations or contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"336-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Experiences of Raising 7- to 11-Year-Old Children With ADHD and Perception of a Proposed Parenting Program: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Louise E Brown, Mary Tallon, Garth Kendall, Mark Boyes, Bronwyn Myers","doi":"10.1177/10870547241309526","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241309526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the experiences of Australian parents raising primary school-aged children with ADHD and gather feedback on a proposed ADHD parenting program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews undertaken with 11 Australian parents of 7- to 11-year-old children with ADHD. Interviews were conducted over Webex, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed in NVivo Ltd. software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified four themes: (1) \"I love my child but their ADHD traits are challenging,\" (2) \"Compliance, control, and completion,\" (3) \"It's hard, burdensome, and exhausting and I can feel like I'm alone,\" and (4) \"What a welcome relief.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents report that although raising neurotypical children is difficult, the presence of childhood ADHD increases the emotional and support burden placed on them. Parents were also very interested in and supportive of the proposed ADHD parenting program. The program aims to enhance parents' understanding of the neurocognitive implications of ADHD and to foster secure parent-child attachment, attuned parental responsiveness, and age-appropriate development of traits that promote well-being, adaption and recovery in people with ADHD.).</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"312-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could Maladaptive Daydreaming Delay ADHD Diagnosis Until Adulthood? Clinical Characteristics of Adults With ADHD Based on Diagnosis Age.","authors":"Ali Kandeğer, Hasan Ali Güler, Münise Seda Özaltın, Ömer Bayırlı, Hacer Söylemez, Elif Yıldız, Bengi Semerci","doi":"10.1177/10870547241310990","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241310990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our study aimed to compare the sociodemographic, diagnostic, clinical, and self-report scale data of adults diagnosed with ADHD in childhood/adolescence versus adulthood and to identify risk factors associated with delayed/missed diagnosis for ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic data of 214 adults with ADHD, followed at the Adult Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinic, Selçuk University, between January 2022 and January 2024, were analyzed. The diagnostic evaluations were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Clinician Version. Clinical data included age, gender, years of education, alcohol/substance use, diagnosis age, and current medication use for ADHD. Data collected from self-report scales included both ADHD-related measurements and comorbidity-related measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that only 34.4% (<i>n</i> = 74) of sample received a formal ADHD diagnosis during childhood/adolescence. Adults diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood were older and had higher education levels, more severe ADHD symptoms, and increased maladaptive daydreaming (MD) scores, compared to those diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the severity of MD was associated with being in the group diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood while controlling for other significant parameters from bivariate analyses, such as age, years of education, and current medication use for ADHD. Finally, analyses conducted separately in both groups showed that: (1) increased MD severity was a predictor of higher ADHD symptoms in those diagnosed in adulthood, but not in those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence, and (2) MD severity had a stronger correlation with ADHD symptoms, the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and symptoms of excessive mind wandering, depression, and anxiety in those diagnosed in adulthood compared to those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MD may delay ADHD diagnosis until adulthood by masking and compensating ADHD symptoms and delay in referral to mental health professionals, and it might also be a predictive symptom for recognizing ADHD in adults who have never been diagnosed; however, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"387-396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Research Priorities of ADHD Professionals: An International Delphi Study.","authors":"Kate Stephens, Emma Sciberras, Matthew Bisset, Ainsley Summerton, David Coghill, Christel M Middeldorp, Leanne Payne, Mark A Bellgrove, Stephen V Faraone, Tobias Banaschewski, Jeffery H Newcorn, Stacey D Espinet, Iris Manor, Mohammed M J Alqahtani, Jeremy Varnham, Timothy J Silk","doi":"10.1177/10870547241307739","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241307739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine ADHD research priorities from the perspective of ADHD professionals internationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A two-stage modified Delphi design was used. In Stage 1 (qualitative), participants listed research questions relating to ADHD that they perceived to be most important (<i>N</i> = 132). In Stage 2 (quantitative), participants were then asked to rate each research question that was deemed appropriate (able to be researched and not already addressed by research) in terms of perceived importance (<i>N</i> = 180).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stage 1 generated 382 research questions with 10 broad areas identified for example, co-occurring conditions and treatment, etc. The top 20 most important questions related to ADHD in women/girls, long-term medication use, non-pharmacological interventions, ADHD measurement/rating scales, and efficacy of emotional regulation interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results can inform an ADHD research agenda which represents the views of the individuals from major ADHD professional groups internationally. Parallel work is needed focusing on research priorities from the perspective of ADHD consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"303-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do Personality Dysfunction and Maladaptive Personality Traits Predict Time to Premature Discontinuation of Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD?","authors":"Peter Jacobsson, Tove Granqvist, Christopher J Hopwood, Robert F Krueger, Bo Söderpalm, Thomas Nilsson","doi":"10.1177/10870547241309524","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241309524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-adherence to medication is common in the adult ADHD clinical group. The goal of this pre-registered study was to examine whether the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD), generality personality dysfunction (LPFS-BF 2.0) or maladaptive personality traits (PID-5), can predict time to premature discontinuation of pharmacological treatment beyond other known factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 284 adult patients with ADHD (60.6% female; <i>M</i>_age = 32.31 years) were investigated for medication adherence from 2018 to 2023, using time-to-event analytic methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the sample, 54 were found to have discontinued treatment prematurely without consulting their physician. Interestingly this group was prescribed considerably lower doses before discontinuation than adhering patients. General personality dysfunction and maladaptive antagonistic personality traits are implicated in varying degrees, with the specific maladaptive personality facets <i>Intimacy Avoidance</i> and <i>Deceitfulness</i> (PID-5) significantly predicting time to premature discontinuation of ADHD medication beyond other known reasons for non-adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The broader implication is that the emerging personality pathology models hold promise to predict non-adherence in the adult ADHD population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"351-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effect of Long-Term Methylphenidate Use on Cardiovascular Functions.","authors":"Çağatay Tunca, İbrahim Hakan Güllü, Saadet Demirtaş İnci, Kamuran Kalkan, Ruken Demirkol Tunca, Ayşegül Efe, Ayşe Nur Özkaya Ibiş, Alperen Taş, Mehmet Taha Özkan, Veysel Ozan Tanik, Orçun Ortaköylü, Nail Burak Özbeyaz","doi":"10.1177/10870547241307680","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241307680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, seen in children and adolescents, and is often treated with various pharmacological agents, especially methylphenidate. There are differing opinions in the literature regarding the cardiovascular safety of long-term methylphenidate use. Studies suggest that the drug may increase the risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension, and stroke. This study aimed to compare the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with ADHD who have been using long-acting methylphenidate for an extended period with age-gender matched healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 70 patients diagnosed with ADHD, who had been using long-acting methylphenidate for 2 years or more, and 51 healthy volunteers, who were referred to our clinic, were included in our study. Patients were evaluated with basic and advanced techniques such as Motion Mode (M-mode), two-dimensional (2D), Doppler, and 2D-Speckle Tracking (STE) using transthoracic echocardiography. All other data were evaluated instantly after the processing with the strain images analysis program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences were observed between the case and control groups in terms of body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with BMI negatively correlated and SBP positively correlated with methylphenidate use duration. There was no significant difference between the groups in apical four-chamber, three-chamber, two-chamber, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) values obtained by 2D-STE technique indicating early deterioration. The Left Ventricular (LV) lateral E' value, which indicates diastolic dysfunction, was lower in the drug group, but still within normal limits. The lateral LV E', Right Ventricular (RV) E', and RV A' values showed a significant negative correlation with the duration of drug use and remained within normal limits. Other parameters evaluating systolic/diastolic function such as E/E', left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial performance index (MPI), and tricuspid/mitral annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE/MAPSE) did not differ significantly between the groups and were within normal limits. Valve structures and regurgitations were also not significantly different between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering all parameters, we conclude that long-term use of long-acting methylphenidate does not cause cardiovascular dysfunction in late adolescent and early adult individuals. The observed differences in the E' lateral value between the case and control groups, as well as the slight correlation of lateral LV E', RV E', and RV A' values with the duration of use, do not directly indicate cardiac dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Motor Skills With Functional Dexterity Test in Children With ADHD and Comparison With Healthy Controls.","authors":"Nuray Akkaya, Bürge Kabukçu Başay, Özkan Urak, Ömer Başay, Füsun Şahin","doi":"10.1177/10870547241306563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241306563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to investigate whether the fine motor skills measured by the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) in ADHD children differ from healthy controls. The second aim was to assess the applicability of the FDT assessment method among ADHD children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The FDT results as an objective assessment of hand skills were compared between 7 and 17 years old ADHD cases (<i>n</i> = 146) and age and gender-matched healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 213).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found lower dominant and non-dominant processing time (respectively for dominant hand and non-dominant hand <i>p</i> = .001, effect size Cliff's Delta = .22; <i>p</i> = .001, ES Cliff's Delta = .29), higher peg processing speed (<i>p</i> = .001, ES Cliff's Delta = .23; <i>p</i> = .001, ES Cliff's Delta = .29), higher total error (<i>p</i> = .001, ES Cliff's Delta = .40; <i>p</i> = .001, ES Cliff's Delta = .51), and total FDT time (<i>p</i> = .0017, ES Cliff's Delta = .14; <i>p</i> = .011, ES Cliff's Delta = .16) in ADHD patients compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Manual dexterity evaluation would be helpful to detect the fine motor skill deficits of ADHD children. Although ADHD children were advantageous regarding speed, they were disadvantageous regarding processing errors and total process time. Therefore, the error time data should be considered in evaluating ADHD children, unlike healthy children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale in Chinese Adolescents.","authors":"Ling-Rong Xiao, Gang Zhao, Pei Zhang, Xian Tian, Xiao-Xue Wu, Jun-Ru Li, Si-Yan Liu, Hong-Mei Wu","doi":"10.1177/10870547241285971","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241285971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent-specific ADHD self-report screening measures can greatly increase the likelihood of correct diagnosis and timely treatment of ADHD in adolescents. This study provides preliminary evidence for evaluating the reliability and validity of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-Revised (ASRS-R) in a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ASRS-R and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to 867 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years (<i>M</i>_age = 13.08 years). Construct validity was assessed using correlation analysis of the ASRS-R with the SDQ. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency, retest reliability, and measurement invariance of the scales were examined by gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CFA showed a two-dimensional factor structure of the ASRS-R, and the model fitted the data well (χ²/<i>df</i> = 4.370, RMSEA = 0.062, TLI = 0.932, CFI = 0.940, GFI = 0.927, AGFI = 0.907, and SRMR = 0.038). The ASRS-R scale was invariant across gender and had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .934) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .874). The construct validity, as calculated using the SDQ, was also acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ASRS-R can be a psychometrically reliable self-report instrument and provide preliminary support as a simple tool for identifying ADHD symptoms in Chinese adolescents. The findings provide evidence for extending the application of the ASRS, previously limited to adults, to the adolescent populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Impairment Related to ADHD From Preschool to School Age.","authors":"Kristin Romvig Overgaard, Beate Oerbeck, Svein Friis, Are Hugo Pripp, Heidi Aase, Christine Baalsrud Ingeborgrud, Guido Biele","doi":"10.1177/10870547241301179","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241301179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children with ADHD often experience functional impairments across various aspects of daily life. This study addresses the dearth of longitudinal research on functional impairment trajectories from preschool to school age in children with symptoms of ADHD and comorbid disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the extent to which functional impairments were associated with ADHD symptoms, along with behavioral and anxiety symptoms, from age 3.5 to 8 years. Utilizing parent- and teacher-reported data, we analyzed associations between global impairment, and dimension scores (e.g., family; child quality of life (QoL); learning; play/leisure activities; and friends) and symptoms at ages 3.5 and 8 years (<i>n</i> = 783).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean parent global impairment score increased from 0.31 (standard deviation (<i>SD</i>) = 0.40) to 0.83 (<i>SD</i> = 0.63) from 3.5 to 8 years, while the teacher impairment scores slightly decreased. Specific parent impairment dimension scores, particularly QoL, learning, and friends, significantly increased. Preschool ADHD and comorbid behavioral symptoms reported by parents weakly predicted impairment at 8 years. By age 8 years, impairment and symptoms exhibited moderate to strong correlations for all impairment dimensions. Parents reported greater child impairment during school age across settings compared to preschool, while teachers' impairment profiles remained consistent across ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that parents perceive impairment as more pronounced at age 8 years and more strongly associated with symptoms of both ADHD and comorbid disorders than at age 3.5 years. Notably, for teachers, a robust correlation between inattention symptoms and learning impairment was observed, with substantially higher impairment scores reported for boys compared to girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"220-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}