Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Sleep Problems in Adults With ADHD: Prevalences and Their Relationship With Psychiatric Comorbidity.","authors":"Mirte van der Ham, Denise Bijlenga, Mylène Böhmer, Aartjan T F Beekman, Sandra Kooij","doi":"10.1177/10870547241284477","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241284477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep problems are common in adults with ADHD and may be bidirectionally associated with ADHD severity and other psychiatric symptoms. We investigated the prevalence of positive screenings for various sleep disorders, and their association with psychiatric comorbidities in a large sample of adults with ADHD from a specialized outpatient clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included data of 3,691 adult patients diagnosed with ADHD, who had filled out a screener for sleep disorders (Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (HSDQ)) as part of routine diagnostic assessment. The HSDQ screens for the sleep disorders insomnia, parasomnia, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), restless legs syndrome (RLS)/periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), and sleep-related breathing disorders (SBD). As delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is very frequent in ADHD, we additionally screened for DSPS. Psychiatric comorbidities were diagnosed through clinical assessment and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) Plus, which assesses 26 psychiatric disorders following the classification of the DSM-5. All data were retrieved from the electronic patient files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 35.4 and 49.4% of the patients were female. About 60% of the adults with ADHD screened positive for any sleep disorder. Highest prevalences were found for symptoms of DSPS (36%), insomnia (30%), and RLS/PLMD (29%). Sleep problems in adults with ADHD were associated with comorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, personality disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adults with ADHD often report sleep problems, which are associated with specific psychiatric comorbidities. Systematic screening for sleep disorders in adult patients with ADHD can contribute to a better understanding of their complaints and may aid improved and integrated treatment for the sleep and psychiatric problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1642-1652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chronotherapeutic Interventions in Adults With ADHD and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) on Regulation of Appetite and Glucose Metabolism.","authors":"Emma van Andel, Suzan W N Vogel, Denise Bijlenga, Andries Kalsbeek, Aartjan T F Beekman, J J Sandra Kooij","doi":"10.1177/10870547241285160","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241285160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> ADHD is highly comorbid with Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS). Both are associated with obesity and diabetes, which can be caused by long-term dysregulations of appetite and glucose metabolism. This study explores hormones involved in these processes and the effects of chronotherapeutic interventions in a small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. <b>Methods:</b> Exploratory, secondary analysis of data from the PhASE study, a three-armed randomized clinical trial, are presented, including 37 adults (18-53 years) with ADHD and DSPS receiving three weeks of 0.5 mg/day (1) placebo, (2) melatonin, or (3) melatonin plus 30 minutes of bright light therapy (BLT). Leptin (appetite-suppressing), ghrelin (appetite-stimulating), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and glucose were measured from blood collected at 08:00 hours. Salivary cortisol was collected during the first 30 minutes after awakening and self-reported appetite was assessed. <b>Results:</b> Baseline leptin and IGF-1 levels were higher than reference ranges, and ghrelin and cortisol levels were lower, while insulin and glucose were normal. Melatonin treatment decreased leptin and insulin. Other outcomes remained unchanged and melatonin + BLT had no effects. <b>Conclusion:</b> Due to the small sample size and exploratory nature of the study, results should be interpreted with caution. Overall, these results show no strong indications for dysregulation of appetite and glucose metabolism to suggest high risk of obesity and diabetes in this small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. However, baseline appetite was suppressed, likely because measurements took place in the early morning which could be considered the biological night for this study population. Melatonin treatment seemed to cause subtle changes in appetite-regulating hormones suggesting increased appetite. Chronotherapeutic treatment may affect appetite-regulating hormones by advancing the biological rhythm and/or altering eating behaviors, but this remains to be investigated in larger samples using detailed food diaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1653-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Childhood Experiences and the Indirect Relationship With Improved Emotion Regulation in Adults With ADHD Through Social Support.","authors":"Catherine T Lowe, Alexandra C Bath, Brandy L Callahan, Emma A Climie","doi":"10.1177/10870547241261826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241261826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify direct and indirect associations between PCEs and social support to emotion regulation outcomes in adults with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Adults with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 81) reported PCEs, current social support, and emotion regulation. Conditional effects modeling examined the direct and indirect relationships between PCEs and emotion dysregulation through social support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PCEs were indirectly related to improved emotion regulation through increased social support generally (β = -.70, 95% CI [-1.32, -0.17], and specifically through belonging (β = -.43, 95% CI [ -0.87, -0.05], self-esteem (β = -.61, 95% CI [-1.08, -0.27], and tangible social support (β = -.50, 95% CI [-1.07, -0.02].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PCEs may protect emotion regulation in adults with ADHD through social support, possibly through facilitating social connections, increasing access to social support, and sustaining emotion regulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1615-1626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Psychological Factors and Executive Functions of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome to ADHD and ADHD Comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder.","authors":"Sevim Berrin Inci Izmir, Zekeriya Deniz Aktan, Eyüp Sabri Ercan","doi":"10.1177/10870547241267379","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241267379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to examine family functionality, emotion regulation difficulties, preference for loneliness, social exclusion, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and compare with ADHD, and ADHD+ Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study included 842 children aged 8-12 years. The subjects were categorized according to DSM-V as ADHD (<i>n</i> = 246), ADHD + ODD (<i>n</i> = 212), ADHD + CDS (<i>n</i> = 176), and Control group (<i>n</i> = 207). The solitude and social exclusion, difficulties in emotion dysregulation and Barkley SCT scales, Child Behavior Checklist, family assessment device, and Central Vital Signs (CNSVS) test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the study, children with ADHD + CDS had higher rates of internalizing disorders. They also preferred being alone and experienced more difficulty communicating with their parents and solving problems within the family. Additionally, these children had difficulty recognizing and understanding the emotional reactions of others. The ADHD + ODD group presented a poorer performance on CNSVS domain tests except for the psychomotor speed test than other groups. Also, ADHD + CDS children had the lowest psychomotor speed scores and lower scores on reaction time and cognitive flexibility than pure ADHD children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study will contribute to the etiology, treatment, and clinical discrimination of ADHD + CDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1555-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Neuromuscular Assessment to Identify ADHD Among Patients with a Complex Symptom Picture.","authors":"Anne Beate Helseth Udal, Liv Larsen Stray, Are Hugo Pripp, Torstein Stray, Jens Egeland","doi":"10.1177/10870547241273102","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241273102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diagnostic assessment of ADHD is challenging due to comorbid psychopathologies and symptoms overlapping with other psychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigate if a distinct pattern of neuromuscular dysregulation previously reported in ADHD, can help identifying ADHD in psychiatric patients with diverse and complex symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We explored the impact of neuromuscular dysregulation, as measured by The Motor Function Neurologic Assessment (MFNU), on the likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, or personality disorder among adults (<i>n</i> = 115) referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression revealed that neuromuscular dysregulation was significantly associated with ADHD diagnosis only (<i>OR</i> 1.15, <i>p</i> < .01), and not with affective-, anxiety-, or personality disorders. Sensitivity and specificity for ADHD at different MFNU scores is provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A test of neuromuscular dysregulation may promote diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ADHD from other psychiatric disorders in patients with an overlapping symptom picture. This may have important implications for clinical practice. More studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1577-1588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Language in the Social and Academic Functioning of Children With ADHD.","authors":"Ida Bonnerup Jepsen, Cecilia Brynskov, Per Hove Thomsen, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask, Kristine Jensen de López, Rikke Lambek","doi":"10.1177/10870547241266419","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241266419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide an in-depth examination of whether pragmatic, expressive, receptive, and narrative language are associated with the social and academic functioning of children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 46) and neurotypical comparison (NC) children (<i>n</i> = 40) aged 7 to 11 years completed tasks measuring expressive, receptive, and narrative language, while parents rated pragmatic language and social- and academic functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with ADHD differed significantly from NC children on pragmatic language, expressive language, receptive language, and narrative coherence. An examination of indirect effects revealed that a significant proportion of the association between ADHD and social functioning was shared with pragmatic language, while a significant proportion of the association between ADHD and academic difficulties was shared with pragmatic language as well as with expressive language.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary study supports the clinical relevance of language in relation to the academic- and social functioning of children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1542-1554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absent or Hidden? Hyperactivity in Females With ADHD.","authors":"Ravian Wettstein, Valentina Navarro Ovando, Esra Pirgon, Jeroen Kroesen, Karl Wettstein, Hans Kroesen, Ron Mathôt, Glenn Dumont","doi":"10.1177/10870547241273152","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241273152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to objectively assess signs of hyperactivity in adults suspected of having ADHD, addressing potential sex bias in diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>About 13,179 (49% female) adults with an average age of 33 years with ADHD and 1,910 (41% female) adults with an average age of 36 years without ADHD were included. Motor activity was measured using the Quantified Behavioral Test, analyzing \"provoked,\" and \"basal\" activity. Sex by group differences were analyzed using analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed significant ADHD effects on the basal and provoked activity measures, while sex effects were only notable for provoked activity. Males, irrespective of diagnosis, exhibited higher provoked activity than females, while both sexes with ADHD displayed approximately twice the basal activity and about three times the provoked activity compared to their respective sex controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that females with ADHD suffer equally from hyperactivity compared to males, challenging the notion of a sex-dependent presentation of hyperactivity. This may lead to more accurate and timely diagnoses, reducing ADHD-related burdens and comorbidities in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1589-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Reactive Control But Preserved Proactive Control in Hyperactive Children.","authors":"Yilin Huang, Yifan Liu, Qiong Hu, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10870547241261536","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241261536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the manifestation of cognitive control deficit of children with different levels of hyperactivity, an \"at risk\" dimension for ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A group of children with high hyperactivity (<i>N</i> = 40) and another group of children with low levels of hyperactivity (<i>N</i> = 38) performed a modified stop-signal anticipation task, a revised Go/NoGo task, and the AX-continuous performance test (AX-CPT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with higher levels of hyperactivity displayed: (1) significantly prolonged stop signal reaction time (SSRT) in the modified stop-signal anticipation task; (2) no notable differences in commission errors in the revised Go/NoGo task; (3) increased reaction time (RT) in stop-signal task and Go/NoGo task with increased probabilities of stop or NoGo signal; and (4) positive proactive behavioral index scores in AX-CPT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggested that children with heightened hyperactivity exhibited impaired reactive control, especially for responses already underway, but preserved proactive control. Further studies concerning these children are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1520-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Stigma of Canadian Youth With ADHD and Their Parents.","authors":"Kristina Jelinkova, Emma Charabin, Courtney Miller, Emma A Climie","doi":"10.1177/10870547241273161","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241273161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is subject to stigma from the general population. Exposure to stigma poses the risk of developing self-stigma of youth and parents, but few studies have focused on self-stigma of ADHD. Furthermore, parental factors have been implicated in self-stigma of youth, but no previous research has assessed the association between self-stigma of parents and youth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to better understand the experience of self-stigma of youth and their parents in the context of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-five youth with ADHD (aged 8-17) and one parent reporter per youth completed surveys to report their experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study found that both youth and parents reported significantly lower self-stigma scores compared to most previously published research. Parents of boys reported higher self-stigma scores compared to parents of girls. Youth who reported higher self-stigma also reported lower self-esteem. Self-stigma scores in youth were predicted by inattentive symptoms but not hyperactive/impulsive symptoms or parental self-stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results emphasize the importance of understanding self-stigma of ADHD, symptom severity, and the need for interventions for families with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1598-1611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors to Underdiagnosis of ADHD among Asian Americans: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ashley Feng, Sarah O'Neill, Anthony L Rostain","doi":"10.1177/10870547241264113","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241264113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rates of ADHD are lowest among Asian American children (1-6.1%) compared to all other major ethnic and racial groups in the US, but there is limited literature on reasons for the disparity in estimated prevalence rates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a narrative review to integrate the literature on ADHD in children in Asian countries with that on ADHD among Asian American youth to highlight potential explanations for disparities in ADHD diagnosis and treatment among Asian American children relative to other racial and ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors possibly contributing to the low estimated prevalence rates of ADHD among Asian American children include: a higher proportion of Inattentive ADHD presentation among Chinese, Malaysian, and Indian children; racial bias and the influence of the Model Minority Myth; cultural differences in classroom identification; mental health stigma in Asian American communities; parent perception of ADHD as misbehavior rather than a neurodevelopmental disorder; and parent support for children's academic activities that may mask impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We offer recommendations to inform individual and community-level psychoeducation, and new directions for research to address this health disparity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1499-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}