Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Associations between ADHD Symptoms and Psychiatric Symptoms in Children: Effects of Functional Impairment and Temperament.","authors":"James D Lynch, Sambridhi Subedi, Matthew Zimon, Virginia Peisch, Anne B Arnett","doi":"10.1177/10870547261438181","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261438181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with elevated rates of co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. The present study evaluated the role of functional impairment in mediating the association between ADHD symptoms and psychiatric symptoms, as well as the moderating role of temperament traits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included two cohorts: an early childhood longitudinal sample (ages 2-4 years; <i>n</i> = 93) and a middle childhood cross-sectional sample (ages 7-11 years; <i>n</i> = 92). Both cohorts were oversampled for ADHD diagnosis or concerns. ADHD symptom severity, psychiatric symptoms, functional impairment, and temperament were assessed by caregiver report. Linear mediation and moderated mediation models were conducted, with ADHD symptom severity as the independent variable, functional impairment as the mediator, and psychiatric symptoms as the dependent variable; additionally, baseline psychiatric symptoms were covaried in the longitudinal early childhood analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across both samples, we found significant mediation effects for depression and aggression. In the middle childhood sample, functional impairment also fully mediated the association between ADHD and anxiety symptom severity. In the moderated mediation models, negative affect enhanced indirect effects on depression in early childhood and aggression in middle childhood. There were no protective effects of surgency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intervention specifically targeting functional impairment in this population has key clinical implications as it may help reduce the elevated risk of psychiatric comorbidity in the ADHD population, particularly in children with elevated levels of negative emotionality who are seemingly at highest risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1290-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptoms of Anxiety in Adults with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.","authors":"Jessica I Hoskins, Debbie Gooch, Katie A Gilligan-Lee","doi":"10.1177/10870547261459712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261459712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research suggests there is a higher prevalence of anxiety in individuals with ADHD compared to those without ADHD. However, estimated prevalence rates vary greatly due to differences in methodologies used across studies. This study is the first meta-analysis investigating differences in anxiety measure scores between adults with and without ADHD, and possible moderators of this effect.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Our analysis included 58 studies that compared anxiety scores in adults with/without ADHD (<i>N</i> = 18,821; <i>k</i> = 112).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average effect size (Hedges's <i>g</i>) of anxiety scores in those with ADHD relative to controls was 0.77 (<i>SE</i> = 0.066); a medium effect. The only significant moderator was the type of comparison group used, with comparisons to non-clinical control groups (<i>g</i> = 0.954, <i>SE</i> = 0.08) yielding significantly larger effects than comparisons to clinical control groups (<i>g</i> = 0.437, <i>SE</i> = 0.09). None of the other moderator variables examined (Method of characterising ADHD, Anxiety Measure Type, Anxiety Measure Focus, Age or Gender) moderated the effect. There was some evidence of publication bias, therefore results should be interpreted with this in mind.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this study indicates that ADHD is associated with higher levels of anxiety symptomology. This has important implications in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals presenting with ADHD or anxiety, including the consideration and screening of each of these conditions as potentially co-occurring with the other. Adaptions made to clinical practice in line with this would better support this population, improve symptom management and overall quality of life. Suggestions for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1305-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Related Strengths in Adults: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Rivqa B Rafael, Hongwei Jia, Melissa Rouel, Bethany M Wootton, Deborah Mitchison","doi":"10.1177/10870547261425737","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261425737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Increasingly, people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their clinicians, and others have called for strengths-based approaches in the understanding of ADHD. A comprehensive and systematic review of ADHD-related strengths has not previously been published. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a scoping review to determine the extent and type of empirical qualitative and quantitative research about strengths that may be related to ADHD in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for published research. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PsyArXiv, and other websites were searched for unpublished studies or grey literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 125 studies were included (61 qualitative studies, 59 quantitative studies, 5 mixed methods studies). Most studies examined ADHD-related strengths a-priori (<i>n</i> = 88; 70%). The majority studied ADHD strengths or experiences in general terms (<i>n</i> = 68; 54%), rather than focussing on a specific strength or characteristic. It was observed that typical ADHD characteristics were sometimes perceived or redefined as strengths: <i>interest-based attention</i> or positive differences in attentional ability (<i>n</i> = 52; 42%), <i>energy</i> or positive differences in activity levels (<i>n</i> = 33; 26%), and <i>adaptive risk-taking</i> or positive aspects of impulsivity (<i>n</i> = 19; 15%). Other strengths identified across studies included: creativity (<i>n</i> = 82; 66%), prosocial attributes (<i>n</i> = 39; 31%), entrepreneurship (<i>n</i> = 14; 11%), resilience (<i>n</i> = 16; 13%), flexibility (<i>n</i> = 14; 11%), uniqueness (<i>n</i> = 16; 13%), and other characteristics (<i>n</i> = 24; 19%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further research will help mental health professionals support people with ADHD through their challenges while helping them develop and utilise their strengths in contexts where they are most likely to flourish.Pre-registration:https://osf.io/43nd9.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD Symptoms, Internalizing Symptoms, and Friendship Features in Emerging Adults: The Moderating Effect of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms.","authors":"Nicole F Greenberg, Stephen P Becker, Aaron M Luebbe, Michael J Kofler, G Leonard Burns, Kristina L McDonald, Matthew A Jarrett","doi":"10.1177/10870547261437613","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261437613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous research has revealed that individuals with ADHD exhibit difficulties in social functioning including obtaining and maintaining quality friendships. Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms and internalizing symptoms frequently co-occur with ADHD symptoms and negatively influence social functioning, yet relatively little is known about how these symptoms uniquely relate to friendship features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study sought to examine associations among these variables in a large, multi-site sample of emerging adults. Participants (<i>N</i> = 4,756; 18-29 years; 72.7% female; 79.8% White) enrolled in five universities in the United States completed measures of ADHD, CDS, internalizing symptoms, and friendship features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderated conditional effects modeling revealed that internalizing symptoms accounted for significant variance in the association between ADHD symptoms and friendship features in all models. CDS symptoms were a significant moderator of the association between ADHD symptoms and friendship features (both positive and negative) such that there was a weaker association between ADHD symptoms and friendship impairment at higher levels of CDS symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that CDS symptoms may buffer the association between ADHD and friendship features. Future research should continue to explore the associations among ADHD, CDS, and internalizing symptoms and their impact on friendship functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1262-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD Individuals' Positivity About Their Condition Varies by Their Levels of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Versus Inattention Symptoms.","authors":"Gili Katabi, Merav Huss, Steve Lukito, Tycho J Dekkers, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Nitzan Shahar","doi":"10.1177/10870547261463814","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261463814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Positive attitudes toward one's clinical condition may contribute to resilience and well-being. Although qualitative studies suggest that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may perceive positive aspects of their condition, no quantitative measure has been available to assess these attitudes. This study aimed to develop a self-report measure of positive attitudes toward ADHD and examine their associations with ADHD symptom dimensions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Across three independent adult samples, participants completed measures assessing ADHD symptom frequency and attitudes toward their own ADHD. Positive attitudes were assessed using the newly developed Positive Attitudes Toward ADHD Scale (PATAS), which demonstrated high test-retest reliability (r = .89). The samples included participants from two language groups and an international sample spanning 24 countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater frequency of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was consistently associated with more positive attitudes toward ADHD across all three samples. Inattention symptoms showed a tendency toward a negative association with positive attitudes, although this pattern was not consistent across samples. Participants also varied considerably in how positively they perceived their ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with ADHD differ substantially in their attitudes toward their condition, and these attitudes are differentially associated with ADHD symptom dimensions. Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were consistently associated with more positive attitudes, whereas the association with inattention was less consistent. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations and determine whether they can inform individually tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1247-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity in Grit's Relations With ADHD Symptom Severity and Impairment: Indications of Decreased Relevance in Asian Versus White College Students.","authors":"Ashlyn W W A Wong, Patrick K Goh, Grace S Mellor, Jacie Tsang, Meeta Banerjee, Meisa M Khaireddin, Cynthia M Hartung","doi":"10.1177/10870547261437608","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261437608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Grit is a potential resilience factor that might help expand ADHD's conceptualization and inform empowering interventions. Yet, no work has examined how components of grit, particularly consistency of interests (COI), may relate to ADHD symptom severity and impairment. Additionally, it is unclear whether these relations may differ with respect to one's race and ethnicity. Thus, the current study aimed to examine whether race and ethnicity moderate grit and COI's relations with ADHD symptom severity and impairment in college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants, aged 18 to 25 years, were derived from two samples of a multisite college ADHD study: Exploratory Sample (<i>N</i> = 1,771; <i>M</i>_age = 19.21, <i>SD</i> = 1.40) and Confirmatory Sample (<i>N</i> = 3,809; <i>M</i>_age = 19.11, <i>SD</i> = 1.31). All participants self-reported ADHD symptom severity, functional impairment, and levels of grit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Examination of main effects across samples revealed that grit and COI were significantly and negatively associated with ADHD symptom severity. Further, in a sample of participants with five or more ADHD symptoms (<i>N</i> = 1,153; <i>M</i>_age = 19.22, <i>SD</i> = 1.41), follow-up analyses investigating impairment revealed that grit had a significant, positive relation with impairment, and COI had a significant, negative relation with impairment. Grit's relations with ADHD symptom severity and impairment were generally consistent across race and ethnicity. Yet, there was a significant moderating effect with respect to the White versus Asian comparison concerning COI-ADHD relations. Follow-up analyses revealed that the strength of these relations was significantly weaker in Asian college students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results provided greater specificity in grit's role as a resilience factor for ADHD and highlighted the need for further exploration of resilience factors to inform more comprehensive conceptualizations of ADHD in Asian college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inattention in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety: Neurophysiological Evidence for Distinct and Overlapping Cognitive Mechanisms.","authors":"Marija Pranjić, Virginia Peisch, Yena Li, Mary Troxel, Kristine Lee, Anne B Arnett","doi":"10.1177/10870547261445680","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261445680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although inattention characterizes both pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders, it is unclear whether the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are shared or distinct. We compared behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) indexing discrete stages of attention across children with ADHD-only, Anxiety-only, co-occurring ADHD+Anxiety, and typically developing (TD) peers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred eleven children (7-11 years) completed three computerized attention tasks while high-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Behavioral indices (accuracy, reaction time, post-error slowing) and ERP/EEG markers of attentional engagement (aperiodic exponent), stimulus discrimination (N2), action selection (P3), performance monitoring (error-related negativity; ERN) and evaluation (error positivity; Pe) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relative to TD children, all clinical groups showed reduced modulation of the pre-stimulus aperiodic exponent by cognitive load and attenuated N2 amplitudes across tasks, indicating shared alterations in dynamic arousal and stimulus discrimination. Distinct patterns between the ADHD and Anxiety groups were identified at the attentional engagement, performance monitoring, and performance evaluation phases. The Anxiety-only group displayed steeper pre-stimulus aperiodic exponents preceding correct versus incorrect trials, larger ERN amplitudes relative to the ADHD+Anxiety group, and reduced Pe amplitudes relative to the TD group and ADHD+Anxiety groups, suggesting heightened error detection, but reduced conscious appraisal. In contrast, the ADHD-only group showed reduced post-error slowing, indicating weaker self-monitoring and adaptive control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inattention in ADHD and anxiety is driven by both shared and distinct neurophysiological mechanisms. Shared alterations in early attentional engagement and stimulus processing coexist with disorder-specific differences in error monitoring and behavioral adjustment. These results position multimodal neurophysiological biomarkers as valuable tools for differential diagnosis and for guiding targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1338-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Lived Experiences of Receiving a Diagnosis of ADHD in Adulthood.","authors":"Lucy McGill, Isabella Jardim-Lalor, Cliodhna O'Connor","doi":"10.1177/10870547261455946","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261455946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>With rising numbers of adults seeking and receiving ADHD diagnoses, understanding their first-hand experiences of the diagnostic process is key for sensitive support and service design. This systematic review collates, evaluates and synthesises the existing evidence-base on lived experiences of adult ADHD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Keyword searches of six databases generated 10,357 citations, which were subjected to a systematic screening process that identified 21 relevant studies. Findings were analysed using thematic synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis generated three overarching themes, elaborating how diagnostic experiences are shaped by adults' <i>Relationship with Self, Relationship with Others</i>, and <i>Relationship with Systems.</i> Personally, diagnosis was widely experienced as a pivotal identity event, triggering biographical reflection that could foster greater self-compassion, but also grief, anger and identity confusion. Socially, diagnosis facilitated interpersonal understanding and communication, but also exposed adults to stigma and introduced dilemmas about diagnostic disclosure. Systemically, adults experienced the diagnostic process as beset by barriers and delays, and reported highly variable access to post-diagnosis supports or treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest receiving an ADHD diagnosis in adulthood is a complex relational process that can be both validating and destabilising, with variation in experiences resulting from individual biographies, interpersonal resources, stigma climates, and service structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1274-1289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Treatment and Monthly 2 Year Follow-Up in Children With ADHD: Randomized Controlled Prospective Study.","authors":"Lily Hechtman, Natalie Grizenko, Ridha Joober, Jens Kreitewolf, Mariam Ter-Stepanian, Marie-Ève Fortier, Kayla Eisenberg, Joy Etcovitch, William J Harvey","doi":"10.1177/10870547261478344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547261478344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of regular monthly follow up in maintaining treatment gains versus follow up as needed in the community for children ages 6 to 12 years with ADHD.MethodsOne hundred and eighty six children, age 6 to 13 with DSM-IV diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (combined presentation) received 3 months of comprehensive treatment which included long-acting stimulant medication titrated to optimal dose (via parent and teacher reports) and weekly parent training groups and child social skills and academic training. After the 3 months of treatment, children were randomized to either monthly follow up by the research team (treatment group) or follow up as usual in the community (control group). Comprehensive evaluations occurred at 3 months at the end of the comprehensive treatment, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 month follow-up.ResultsChildren in both groups improved significantly in all domains after the 3 months of intensive comprehensive treatment. Treatment gains were maintained during the 2 year follow up period in both groups. However, the Hyperactive/Impulsive rating in Conners scale by parent report and some teacher reports were worse in the community group during the follow-up period.ConclusionThe importance of the initial intensive comprehensive 3 month treatment cannot be underestimated as these treatments resulted in significant improvements which were maintained for 2 years in both groups. Factors such as social economic status and available community treatment which may have influenced these results are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547261478344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parsing Day-to-Day Dynamics of ADHD and Perceived Stress in College Students: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.","authors":"Patrick K Goh, Christine A Lee, Ashlyn W W A Wong, Grace S Mellor, Sara Chung, Amori Yee Mikami","doi":"10.1177/10870547261484217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547261484217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although ADHD is characterized as a lifelong condition, emerging evidence indicates that symptom severity can fluctuate day-to-day. In this study, we examined whether these fluctuations are directionally associated with fluctuations in perceived stress, using 28 days of ecological momentary assessment data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 187 undergraduate students (M<i>age</i> = 19.7 years; 78% women). We estimated temporal, contemporaneous, and between-subject networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the sum-score level, ADHD and perceived stress were consistently positively associated across all three network types. In analyses of ADHD symptoms and perceived stress, increases in ADHD-related concentration difficulties and procrastination were associated with higher levels of perceived stress on the following day. Conversely, increases in perceived stress, particularly feelings of lacking control, were associated with elevated ADHD symptoms the next day. In the contemporaneous network, ADHD-related procrastination, restlessness, and concentration difficulties showed the strongest associations with perceived stress. These symptoms were also prominent in the between-person network, which additionally identified dependence on others for organization as a key ADHD-related feature unique to this level of analysis. Negative ADHD-perceived stress relations also appeared in both contemporaneous and between-person networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, findings highlighted specific dynamics that may underlie the overlap between ADHD and perceived stress, particularly during the demanding period of college adjustment, with key elements serving as potential early warning signals and targets for micro-level interventions to disrupt escalating cycles of co-occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547261484217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}