Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Multinutrient Supplementation in Children With ADHD Reduced Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Factors in the MADDY Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jennifer M Loftis, Hayleigh K Ast, Alisha M Bruton, Priya Srikanth, Ramya Ramesh, David W Erikson, Lisa M Robinette, Irene E Hatsu, Brenda M Y Leung, Taryn A Machingo, L Eugene Arnold, Jeanette M Johnstone","doi":"10.1177/10870547251397701","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251397701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While individual nutrients have shown effects on inflammatory mechanisms, the effects of multinutrients (vitamins + minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids) on inflammation are unknown. We investigated whether 8 weeks of multinutrient supplementation, in a randomized controlled trial of 83 children with ADHD, would alter immune factors compared to placebo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiplex technology was used to measure 25 immune factors in blood samples collected at baseline and week 8. Immune factors were compared between multinutrient and placebo groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Linear mixed effects models evaluated immune factor change over time. To understand the functional relevance of the immune factors affected by multinutrient supplementation, pathway analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.7 Bioinformatics Resources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels differed following multinutrient supplementation versus placebo (<i>p</i> = .005 and .03, respectively). IL-5 decreased by 1.3% in the multinutrient group (95% CI [-8.6%, 6.7%]) and increased by 17.5% in the placebo group (95% CI [6.9%, 29.2%]). IL-13 decreased by 11.4% in the multinutrient group (95% CI [-18.2%, -4.0%]), compared to a 2.4% increase in the placebo group (95% CI [-7.2%, 13.1%]). When comparing immune factors between treatment responders versus non-responders in the multinutrient group, there was a 4.3% increase in IL-15 in multinutrient responders (95% CI [-6.8%, 16.8%]) and a 14.3% decrease in non-responders (<i>p</i> = .03, 95% CI [-24.9%, -2.4%]). Pathway analysis identified T helper type 2 (Th2) signaling pathways affected by multinutrient supplementation, including IL-17 and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Th2 immune factors may be influenced by multinutrient supplementation and associated with behavioral improvements in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"727-746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Medicine Use Among Adults With ADHD: A Nationwide Study in Australia.","authors":"Masako Araki, Helga Zoega, Malcolm Gillies, Michael O Falster, David Peiris, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Henrik Larsson, Juliana de Oliveira Costa","doi":"10.1177/10870547261418763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261418763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite cardiovascular conditions being common in adults with ADHD, data on patterns of cardiovascular medicine use in this population are scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using dispensing claims for a 10% random sample of Australians, this population-based study comprised 14,753 adults with ADHD (defined as having ≥2 ADHD medicine dispensings in 2012-2020) who were 1:4 sex- and age-matched with 59,012 adults without ADHD (no ADHD dispensings). We estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular medicine use in 2021 among adults with and without ADHD, overall and by medicine type, sex, and age. Using Poisson regression, we calculated age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall cardiovascular medicine use was more prevalent among adults with ADHD than those without (16.5% vs. 10.0%, aPR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.6, 1.7]), with the highest difference among those aged 18 to 29 years (aPR = 2.8, 95% CI [2.4, 3.1]). We observed increased differences in use of propranolol (3.2% vs. 0.7%), loop diuretics (0.8% vs. 0.4%), potassium-sparing diuretics (0.9% vs. 0.4%), cardiac therapy (0.8% vs. 0.5%), and antithrombotic agents (2.2% vs. 1.4%). Among females, we noted associations of ADHD with specific diuretic subgroups (loop, aPR = 2.8, 95% CI [2.1, 3.7]; potassium-sparing, aPR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.9, 3.3]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified an elevated prevalence of cardiovascular medicine use among adults with ADHD, particularly among younger people. We also observed distinct patterns in specific medicine use between sexes, suggesting potential sex-specific effect modification. Our findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring and management of cardiovascular health among people with ADHD across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"773-783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147529308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Signature Cytokines and Microglia Regulatory Cytokines in ADHD and Healthy Controls: A Neuroimmunological Approach.","authors":"Fatma Subasi Turgut, Masum Öztürk, Mahmut Bulut, Sevgi Gökcüoğlu Nakipoğlu, Neval Kızıl, Nuriye Mete","doi":"10.1177/10870547261428864","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261428864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated immune homeostasis may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD; however, comprehensive profiling of T-helper (Th) cell subsets and microglial regulatory cytokines remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 45) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 41). Serum levels of Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), Th17 (IL-17 and IL-23), Treg (IL-10 and TGF-β), and microglia regulatory cytokines (IL-34 and CSF-1) were measured by ELISA. ROC curve and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic and predictive value of the parameters in distinguishing ADHD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were observed in the ADHD group compared to the control group. IL-12 and IL-17 showed the highest diagnostic yield (AUC = 0.77). IL-12 remained a strong independent predictor in multivariate analysis (OR = 55.88, <i>P</i> = .015). IFN-γ and TGF-β did not differ significantly between the groups. CSF-1 levels did not differ between the groups, while IL-34 showed an increase that approached statistical significance in the ADHD group (<i>P</i> = .052; AUC = 0.622).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results reveal a profile of Th1/Th17-dominated proinflammatory activation, partially compensatory Th2/Treg modulation, and potentially IL-34-mediated microglial divergence in ADHD. IL-12 and IL-17 showed the highest discriminatory performance; however, their AUC values (~0.77) remained at a moderate level. Our findings highlight the need for multidimensional immunophenotyping and point toward novel immune-targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"807-821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Inhibitory Control of Attention and fMRI Functional Connectivity in Children With and Without ADHD.","authors":"Kelsey Harkness, Matthias Wilms, Kate J Godfrey, Signe Bray, Kara Murias","doi":"10.1177/10870547261419585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261419585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention abilities can be represented within the population as a spectrum from low to high ability. Attention deficits are present in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, including as a primary symptom of ADHD. When evaluating the relationship between brain networks and attention abilities, it is important to know whether this relationship is mediated by diagnosis to understand processes that contribute to disability and to determine if attention can appropriately be studied transdiagnostically. Functional connectivity (FC) within the brain has been studied in association with inhibitory attention and ADHD diagnosis separately, but it is unclear whether the relationship between inhibitory attention and FC is altered in individuals with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated whether the relationship between inhibitory attention, as measured by the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention test, and FC was impacted by ADHD diagnostic status in children age 9 to 10 using the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that, although there were significant associations between FC and both ADHD diagnosis and attention, the interaction between attention and diagnostic group was not significantly associated with functional connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support that the relationship between attention and FC is not mediated by ADHD diagnosis and thus provides evidence for a transdiagnostic-dimensional relationship between FC and inhibitory attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"784-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147529356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Controlled by Female Hormones\": A Qualitative Interview Study of Swedish Women's Experiences of Gender-Specific Aspects of Life With ADHD.","authors":"Julia McTaggart, Lisa B Thorell, Charlotte Borg Skoglund, Niklas Envall, Helena Kopp Kallner","doi":"10.1177/10870547261427555","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261427555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is limited knowledge about how female specific factors such as fluctuating sex hormones influence symptom display and health-related conditions that are unique to, or more prevalent in females with ADHD. This study aims to investigate how women of reproductive age with ADHD experience their ADHD symptoms and well-being in relation to hormonal fluctuations, and secondly, how they perceive hormonal and reproductive counseling in healthcare.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 women with ADHD and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main themes emerged from the analysis; (1) Controlled by female hormones, (2) Frustration with lack of knowledge/understanding, and (3) Living with ADHD and comorbidities. Many women have experienced challenges and fluctuations related to hormonal changes during their menstrual cycles and in different stages of life. Using hormones to stabilize mood and impulsivity and adjusting stimulant doses were suggested as potential solutions. Participants expressed frustration about the lack of knowledge, interest, and understanding from healthcare professionals regarding ADHD and how hormones influenced symptoms of ADHD and comorbidities in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This qualitative study highlights the impact of cyclical hormonal fluctuations on daily functioning across the menstrual cycle. Specifically, participants reported cyclic patterns of high energy and productivity related to ovulation followed by low energy and difficulty managing tasks in the premenstrual week. This aligns with clinical experience, anecdotal evidence, and limited literature that suggest that women with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to hormonal fluctuations. Our findings suggest that especially the premenstrual phase is a challenging time for women with ADHD. Our results emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to improve their understanding of the role sex hormones and the menstrual cycle play in female ADHD. The potential effect of adjusting ADHD medication dosage and introducing hormonal treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in women with ADHD should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"795-806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Bryan Hao Wei Leow, Claire Jing-Wen Tan, Brian Sheng Yep Yeo, Noelle Na En Ng, Seraphina Cheng Yong Low, Adele Chin Wei Ng, Oon Hoe Teoh, Song Tar Toh, Ellen Ghim Hoon Tay","doi":"10.1177/10870547261426094","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261426094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two relatively common conditions in the pediatric population, with multiple studies demonstrating a strong association between the two. Hypoxia and sleep fragmentation caused by OSA has been shown to exacerbate ADHD symptoms, while treatment for OSA, such as with continuous positive airway pressure or adenotonsillectomy, may improve ADHD symptoms. We aim to provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the complex relationship between OSA and ADHD in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to 1 December 2024 for longitudinal studies investigating the association between OSA and ADHD in children. Two independent authors selected relevant articles, extracted data, assessed bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and evaluated quality of evidence following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize pooled prevalence, while descriptive reviews were performed for all other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies and 903 children formally diagnosed with OSA or ADHD found that the pooled prevalence of OSA in children with ADHD was 44% (  95% CI [2%, 56%]). Descriptive analysis found that adenotonsillectomy for OSA consistently led to significant improvements in both OSA and ADHD symptoms, suggesting its potential in complementing existing pharmacological therapy in improving ADHD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSA and ADHD are closely related comorbid conditions. Physicians should be cognizant of this association and consider concurrent evaluation for OSA in children with ADHD symptoms, which can effectively guide treatment strategies and potentially reduce the need for long-term pharmacological treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"822-832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Serum Netrin-1 Levels Among Children Diagnosed With ADHD.","authors":"Hümeyra Hilal Öztürk, Selen Sezen, Elçin Çağlar, Serenay Elgün Ülkar, Sadettin Burak Açıkel","doi":"10.1177/10870547251408127","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251408127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood characterized by altered projections of dopaminergic neurons and connectivity issues in various brain regions. In our study, we aim to investigate the potential effects of axon guidance molecules, Netrin-1 and Semaphorins 3A, 4D, and 7A, on these connectivity problems by examining the levels of these molecules in the peripheral blood of children with ADHD compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 43 children with ADHD and 40 healthy controls 6 to 12 years of age were included in the study. The K-SADS-PL was administered to exclude any additional psychopathologies (excluding ODD in the ADHD group). The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale was provided to the children, while parents completed the revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functioning (BRIEF). Additionally, teachers of the ADHD group were given the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale. Furthermore, the WISC-4 was administered to assess the IQ profile of 35 children in the ADHD group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Netrin-1 was found to be statistically higher in the ADHD group. When the R-CADS scores were recalculated taking the covariate into account, the significant increase in the ADHD group remained. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for semaphorin 3A, 4D, and 7A. The positive correlation of Netrin-1 with the hyperactivity subscores on the CPRS-R and the Global Executive Score on the BRIEF scale is noteworthy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Netrin-1 may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between Netrin-1 and ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"765-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral Adipose Tissue Accumulation in Children With Obesity and Co-occurring ADHD: A Case-Control Analysis of Body Fat Distribution Patterns.","authors":"Muhan Li, Shijie Li, Yan Hu, Chenlu Yang, Aimin Liang","doi":"10.1177/10870547251397010","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251397010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD and obesity frequently co-occur in children, yet differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) distribution between co-occurring ADHD + Obesity and obesity alone are incompletely characterized. This study compared depot-specific adiposity between these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis (December 2022-2024, Beijing Children's Hospital) included 306 children (6-12 years) stratified into: ADHD + Obesity (<i>n</i> = 65), obesity-only (<i>n</i> = 77), and Control (<i>n</i> = 164). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Group comparisons for depot-specific adiposity and metabolic markers were performed using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI <i>z</i>-score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADHD + Obesity group exhibited significantly greater visceral adiposity than the Obesity-only group, as reflected by a 16.84 cm² larger visceral fat area (VFA) and a 1.03 kg/m² higher fat mass index (FMI). The ADHD + Obesity group also showed a more adverse metabolic profile, including elevated liver enzymes and fasting glucose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excess visceral adiposity represents a distinct phenotypic feature of ADHD + Obesity. These findings support the need for integrated clinical management addressing both neurobehavioral and metabolic domains and inform future mechanistic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"747-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145549489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Tight Junction Protein Alterations in ADHD: The Role of Claudin-5, β-Catenin and Paxillin.","authors":"Necati Uzun, Ayhan Bilgiç, Hurşit Ferahkaya, Mehmet Berat Taş, İbrahim Kılınç, Ahmet Osman Kılıç","doi":"10.1177/10870547251400398","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251400398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Blood-brain barrier permeability (BBB) has been suggested to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Claudin-5, β-catenin and paxillin are important molecules with different roles in this barrier. Alterations in these molecules may disrupt the neurodevelopmental process by affecting various critical processes in the developing brain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether the peripheral levels of these molecules differ in children and adolescents with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 90 patients with ADHD aged between 8 and 18 years and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. The severity of ADHD symptoms was determined with the Atilla Turgay Scale. Child Anxiety-Depression Scale-Revised was completed to evaluate additional psychiatric problems of the patients. Serum levels of biochemical parameters were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum claudin-5 levels were significantly lower and β-catenin levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in paxillin serum levels between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that claudin-5 and beta-catenin may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. These proteins may affect the brain by causing a dysregulation in BBB permeability or through other mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"757-764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and Self-Report Measures of Spontaneous Mind Wandering Predict Different Aspects of ADHD in Adults.","authors":"Takehiro Minamoto, Takuma Hayashi, Md Abdullah Al-Mamun","doi":"10.1177/10870547261448262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547261448262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Studies have provided evidence that mind wandering (MW) is involved in the symptomatology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One of the notable categorizations of MW is based on the dimension of intentionality, in which intentional MW is labeled as deliberate MW (D-MW) while the unintentional form is called spontaneous MW (S-MW). S-MW has been reported to be associated with lapses of attention or impulsive behaviors in individuals with ADHD. Using self-report and behavioral measures, the present study aimed to replicate the finding that scores on the S-MW scale predict those on the ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and to examine whether task performance under the S-MW state similarly predicts the scores on the ASRS scores.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The participants completed the ASRS and the D-MW and S-MW scales several days before performing the laboratory task (i.e., the continuous counting Stroop task). During the Stroop task (576 trials × 2 blocks), experience sampling probes were presented (20/block), which requested the participants to report their attentional state (i.e., concentrated, D-MW, S-MW, or other).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A univariate analysis showed that the accuracy of the Stroop task was remarkably lower under S-MW than under D-MW. Multiple regression analyses showed that scores on the S-MW scale and the accuracy of the Stroop task in the S-MW state independently predicted the ASRS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results may indicate that individuals with ADHD could suffer from two different types of interference stemming from S-MW.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547261448262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}