Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Examining for Associations between Motor Disturbances and ADHD Status in Young Adults.","authors":"MinKyoung Song, Sydnee A Stoyles, Martina Mancini, Kerri Winters-Stone, Fay B Horak, Jessica Tipsord, Leeza Maron, Elizabeth Nousen, Joel T Nigg","doi":"10.1177/10870547251332029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251332029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Some studies show an association between ADHD and impaired balance/gait in children. However, it remains largely unexplored whether such an association exists in adults. We explore that association in this study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 45 adults aged 17 to 21 (25 with, and 20 without ADHD), most obtained from a longitudinal cohort study beginning in childhood. We measured balance/gait using objective measures from inertial sensors during the Instrumented Stand and Walk Test. Demographics and severity of ADHD symptoms were measured via questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young adults with ADHD showed a tendency toward worse balance and impaired gait in a dual-task activity than adults without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest balance and gait impairments are associated with ADHD in young adults. Balance/gait measures may hold promise as markers for persistent neurodevelopmental disorders, and the novel task used here may hold promise for measuring these impairments in adults with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"745-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irony Processing in Adults with ADHD: Evidence From Eye-Tracking and Executive Attention Tasks.","authors":"Marianna Kyriacou, Cecilie Rummelhoff, Franziska Köder","doi":"10.1177/10870547251333819","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251333819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts pragmatic communication abilities in children, including their understanding of verbal irony. This study aims to investigate whether adults with ADHD experience similar challenges in interpreting ironic statements, and to examine the role of executive attention abilities in accounting for any observed differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>52 adults with ADHD and 55 neurotypical controls participated in an eye-tracking experiment. They read stories that included either literal or ironic statements and answered targeted comprehension questions. We used measures of working memory and fluid intelligence as independent indices of executive attention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that adults with ADHD were as accurate as the control group in comprehending irony. However, they experienced an additional processing cost, indicated by increased reading times for ironic statements. While fluid intelligence improved comprehension accuracy in the control group, it did not have the same effect for participants with ADHD. Importantly, higher working memory capacity in adults with ADHD was associated with faster processing times, making their irony processing comparable to that of the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the subtle challenges adults with ADHD face in processing irony and highlight the crucial role of working memory in enhancing performance. These insights stress the importance of considering individual cognitive capacities and their interaction with ADHD symptoms to better understand how ADHD impacts pragmatic abilities in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"724-744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ability to Direct Attention in Working Memory Is Not Impaired in Adults With Symptoms of ADHD.","authors":"Amy L Atkinson, Beatriz Pinheiro Sanchez, Matthew Warburton, Heather Allmark, Richard J Allen","doi":"10.1177/10870547251330039","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251330039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neurotypical individuals can prioritize particularly valuable information in working memory. This is a well-replicated effect, demonstrated across a wide variety of task factors and age groups. However, it is not clear if individuals with symptoms of ADHD are able to do this effectively, as there is some evidence this group struggle to allocate attention in working memory tasks. Two experiments were conducted online to investigate this.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were presented with series of four colored shapes, and asked to report the color of each shape in a counterbalanced order following a brief delay. In some trials (equal value condition), all shapes were equally valuable with the correct recall of each shape gaining the participant 2 points. In other trials (differential value condition), the first item presented during the encoding phase was more valuable than the rest (5 point for the first item vs. 1 point for the other items). Trial-by-trial feedback was either provided (Experiment 1) or omitted (Experiment 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across both experiments, there was a clear prioritization effect at the first (targeted) serial position, with higher accuracy in the differential value condition relative to the equal value condition. There were also clear costs at the less valuable serial positions. These effects did not differ as a function of ADHD symptoms. There were also no significant correlations between scores on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Screener and the prioritization effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these findings demonstrates that the ability to prioritize particularly valuable information in working memory is not impaired in individuals with symptoms of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"684-705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD Symptoms and Medical Cannabis Use Among Adults With Chronic Pain.","authors":"David Saunders, Deepika Slawek, Chenshu Zhang, Nancy Sohler, Chinazo Cunningham, Haruka Minami, Joanna Starrels, Julia Arnsten, Frances Levin","doi":"10.1177/10870547251336841","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251336841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined whether medical cannabis (MC) use was associated with change in ADHD symptoms across time in a sample of adults with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study (<i>N</i> = 223) across 12 months, assessing ADHD symptoms and MC use. We used mixed-effects linear regression to test whether MC use (vs. no use) and high THC (vs. low THC) MC was associated with change in ADHD symptoms from baseline to follow-up at quarterly intervals. We stratified by baseline ADHD symptoms and pain catastrophizing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MC use was not associated with change in ADHD symptoms in the full sample or those with moderate/severe ADHD symptoms. Among those with minor/no baseline ADHD symptoms, high-THC MC (vs. low-THC) was associated with a decrease in ADHD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The null findings among participants with moderate/severe ADHD symptoms suggests that cannabis is unlikely to be a good treatment for ADHD. The preliminary findings in those with mild ADHD symptoms should be interpreted with caution given the small sample, the modest result, and all participants had chronic pain. These results may temper enthusiasm for MC as a treatment for ADHD, but further studies in larger and more generalizable samples may be justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"757-765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the ADHD Phenotype and Parsing Heterogeneity Via Emotional Dysregulation and Personality: A Latent Profile Analysis in College Students.","authors":"Patrick K Goh, Da Eun Suh, Ashlyn W W A Wong, Elizabeth A Bodalski, Will H Canu","doi":"10.1177/10870547251326676","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251326676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Past work has provided support for the relevance of personality traits and emotional dysregulation (ED), individually, for characterizing ADHD phenotypes beyond symptoms in college-aged populations. Yet, no studies have attempted to integrate these constructs into current ADHD conceptualizations within the context of one another. The current study thus sought to determine whether personality traits and ED dimensions, together, could facilitate meaningful differentiation of college students meeting symptom and impairment criteria for ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 1,858 college students aged 18 to 29 years (<i>M</i> = 19.4 years, 70.4% female) with either self-reported ADHD diagnoses and/or clinical levels of symptoms and impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent profile analyses provided support for a three-profile solution comprised of a Primarily Inattentive/ED Present/Emotionally Unstable profile, a Moderate ADHD Severity/ED Absent/Normative Personality Traits profile, and a High ADHD Severity/ED Absent/Normative Personality Traits profile. Consideration of ED dimensions and personality traits, namely Emotional Stability, meaningfully enriched profiles beyond ADHD sum scores. Concurrent validation of profiles suggested significant differences with respect to impairment domains and internalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional work is needed to characterize the integration of personality and ED into ADHD conceptualizations to inform more comprehensive assessment and treatment practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"659-673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and Sex Hormones in Females: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Elyssa Osianlis, Elizabeth H X Thomas, Lisanne Michelle Jenkins, Caroline Gurvich","doi":"10.1177/10870547251332319","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251332319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with elevated symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Symptoms of ADHD typically persist into adulthood and can impair functioning and overall quality of life. In females (including women and people assigned female at birth), ADHD is under-recognized, and knowledge about the relationship between ADHD symptoms and sex hormones is lacking. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence investigating the relationship between ADHD symptoms (including medication effects) and sex hormones in females.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Searches were conducted within Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO from 1980 to January 2025. Included studies investigated ADHD symptoms in the context of hormonal changes in females, including studies specifically exploring ADHD and sex hormones, as well as hormonal life stages (puberty, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy). Narrative synthesis was utilized for data extraction, grouping studies by hormonal phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 studies were included in this review. Evidence was largely suggestive of a relationship between ADHD symptoms and sex hormones in females, specifically in puberty and across the menstrual cycle. Findings were limited by the small number of studies reviewed, often with small sample sizes and considerable diversity in participant populations and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sex hormones and phases related to hormonal changes (such as puberty and the menstrual cycle) may be associated with ADHD symptom changes in females. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between sex hormones and ADHD symptoms and requires investigation of a wider range of hormonal milestones in females, including menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"706-723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Stimulant Medication Status Moderate the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Rumination?","authors":"Annie I Reiner, Alex J Greenberg, Matthew A Jarrett, Stephen P Becker, Michael J Kofler, Aaron M Luebbe, G Leonard Burns, Annie A Garner","doi":"10.1177/10870547251340039","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251340039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at risk for experiencing ruminative thinking. Although research has shown that stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms, no research has looked at whether stimulant medication moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination. Given this gap in the literature, the current study examined whether stimulant medication status moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination. Participants (<i>N</i> = 4,751) were undergraduate psychology students from six universities (70.0% female; <i>M</i>_age = 19.08; <i>SD</i>_age = 1.36) who participated in a larger study. College students completed questionnaires related to ADHD symptoms and rumination and indicated whether they were currently taking a stimulant medication. Results of the moderation model indicated a significant main effect for ADHD inattentive symptoms (β = 5.20, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [4.43, 5.98]) and a significant interaction effect between ADHD inattentive symptoms and stimulant medication in relation to rumination (β = -2.41, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [-4.51, -.30]). Examination of conditional effects revealed significant simple slopes for students both on and off medication but a stronger association for those off (β = 5.20, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [4.43, 5.98]) versus on (β = 2.80, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [.78, 4.81]) stimulant medication. Stimulant medication status did not moderate the association between ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and rumination. Future research should continue to explore the potential benefits of stimulant medication for reducing the association between ADHD inattention symptoms and rumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"766-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Internal Restlessness, Drinking Motives, and Alcohol Use Outcomes in College Students.","authors":"Anna L Sherman, Amy L Stamates, Lisa Weyandt","doi":"10.1177/10870547251330038","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251330038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD and alcohol use are prevalent among college students, but few studies have examined internal restlessness (i.e., the mental discomfort experienced when suppressing hyperactive behaviors) in relation to alcohol use. Consequently, the current study sought to examine a path model testing associations between internal restlessness, drinking motives (i.e., coping, social, enhancement, and conformity), alcohol use, and consequences in college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and ninety-one college students completed an online survey regarding their use of alcohol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After controlling for ADHD diagnosis, there were significant positive associations between internal restlessness and coping (<i>B</i> = 0.025, <i>p</i> = .004), socializing (<i>B</i> = 0.026, <i>p</i> = .004), enhancement (<i>B</i> = 0.038, <i>p</i> < .001), and conformity (<i>B</i> = 0.026, <i>p</i> < .001). Two significant indirect effects were found for the association between internal restlessness and consequences through enhancement (95% CI [0.001, 0.009]) and coping (95% CI [0.000, 0.011]) motives and alcohol use, respectively. All other indirect pathways were nonsignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings revealed that internal restlessness was associated with the four drinking motives; however, greater internal restlessness was related to more alcohol consequences to the extent that they also reported strong coping and enhancement motives. Findings can be used to tailor intervention and prevention efforts to target emotional regulation and to reduce risk for college students who experience internal restlessness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"674-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emilio Mira y López's Perspectives on Understanding ADHD.","authors":"Joana Escamilla Lerner, Pilar de Castro-Manglano, Pilar León Sanz","doi":"10.1177/10870547251345916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251345916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to examine the contributions of Emilio Mira y López (1896-1964) to the early conceptualization and treatment of what is now known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It seeks to contextualize his ideas within broader historical, pedagogical, and psychiatric developments in Spain and internationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A historical-analytical approach was employed, reviewing Mira y López's publications <i>El niño que no aprende (The Child Who Does Not Learn, 1947)</i>, as well as related psychiatric and educational literature from the early 20th century. His work was analyzed alongside contributions from contemporaries and predecessors, with a focus on terminology, neurophysiological concepts, and early treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mira y López described the \"unstable child\" or \"butterfly child\" with symptoms that align closely with modern ADHD: impulsivity, distractibility, and lack of sustained attention. He proposed that these children suffer from an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain functions, suggesting early therapeutic interventions including behavioral techniques and opotherapeutic (hormonal) medications. His research emphasized a medical and pedagogical approach to learning difficulties and prefigured ideas found in the emerging field of child psychopharmacology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emilio Mira y López's understanding of childhood instability reflected the influence of French and Anglo-American psychiatry and anticipated key elements of today's ADHD frameworks. His physiological model of inhibition mirrors Charles Bradley's \"inhibition hypothesis,\" which led to the use of stimulants for hyperactivity. Mira's early proposals contributed to shaping a more comprehensive, interdisciplinary view of childhood mental health and learning difficulties in Spain and Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251345916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risk Factors and ADHD: New Findings From the Community-Based Replication Project to Learn About Youth-Mental Health (Re-PLAY-MH).","authors":"Samuel M Katz, Abby de Arellano, Yvette Rother, Sydney Levine, Angelika H Claussen, Melissa L Danielson, Kate Flory","doi":"10.1177/10870547251339275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251339275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in the U.S., with symptoms including hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. These symptoms can lead to increased engagement in unhealthy behaviors. The current study examined the associations between health risk factors and ADHD among a community-based sample of 345 students (4th-12th grade) by ADHD alone or with co-occurring disorders, ADHD medication use, and ADHD symptom count. Distinct from prior studies, our analysis also examined associations among pairs of health risk factors by ADHD diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data came from the Replication Project to Learn About Youth-Mental Health, using a two-stage design, incorporating teacher, parent, and student reported data.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Students with ADHD experienced a higher prevalence of not using a bike helmet (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01, 1.35]), being bullied, threatened, or feeling unsafe at school (PR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.02, 3.30]) carrying a weapon (PR = 7.02, 95% CI [2.58, 19.08]), and feeling sad or hopeless within the past 2 weeks (PR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.01, 7.47]) compared to those with no disorder. Students with ADHD exhibited different risk associations compared to those with no disorder, specifically for interpersonal violence risk. Medication treatment for ADHD was not associated with fewer health risks, except that students taking ADHD medication were less likely to skip breakfast (PR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.20, 0.78]) compared to those without ADHD. Higher ADHD symptom counts were associated with elevated television screen time, stimulant medication misuse, physical fight involvement, and carrying a weapon (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluating participation in health risk factors and developing tailored interventions may benefit youth with ADHD, regardless of treatment status.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251339275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}