Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Factor Structure of the Conners Continuous Performance Test Third Edition (CCPT-3): Exploratory Factor Analysis in a Mixed Clinical Sample.","authors":"Olaf Lund, Rune Raudeberg, Hans Johansen, Mette-Line Myhre, Espen Walderhaug, Amir Poreh, Jens Egeland","doi":"10.1177/10870547251341928","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251341928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Conners Continuous Performance Test-3 (CCPT-3) is a computerized test of attention frequently used in clinical neuropsychology. In the present factor analysis, we seek to assess the factor structure of the CCPT-3 and evaluate the suggested dimensions in the CCPT-3 Manual.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from a mixed clinical sample of 931 adults referred for neuropsychological assessment across four centers were analyzed. Nine standard and eight experimental measures were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis to evaluate factor models ranging from one to six factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis supported a four-factor model with one overall attention factor and three factors of distinct mechanisms underlying inattention: impulsivity, vigilance, and sustained attention. This closely aligns with the four dimensions outlined in the CCPT-3 Technical Manual and the factor analyses from the CCPT-II. There were some differences between the four-factor model and the interpretations recommended in the Technical Manual. Perseverations were associated with the inattention factor rather than the impulsivity factor, and reaction time was exclusively linked to impulsivity. Incorporating error measures into the vigilance factor suggests that decreases in responsivity, rather than decreases in correct responses, underpin vigilance decrements. Including response bias by inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and by blocks in the analysis indicates that a decrease in arousal may also explain impairments in sustained attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the notion in the Technical Manual that CCPT-3 measures both overall attention and three different mechanisms that mediate inattention: impulsivity, vigilance and sustained attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1163-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD in Youth With Major Depressive Disorder in the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX-YDSRN): Clinical Correlates and Moderators.","authors":"Blake M Upshaw, Samuel D Spencer, Caitlin M Pinciotti, Vadym Zhyrov, Abu Minhajuddin, Ace A Castillo, Allyssa Abacan, Holli Slater, Rachel A Walker, Joseph C Blader, Sarah L Martin, Jeffrey D Shahidullah, Jair C Soares, Robert Andrew Harper, Madelyn Guerra, Lynnel C Goodman, Wayne K Goodman, Sarah M Wakefield, Madhukar H Trivedi, Eric A Storch","doi":"10.1177/10870547251353392","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251353392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Depression is a major public health concern with a 19% lifetime prevalence in youth, often precipitating other concerns, including suicidal behavior, poor school performance, and worsened peer relationships. ADHD is also common among youth and frequently presents alongside major depressive disorder (MDD), with this comorbidity associated with increased impairment. More research is needed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of this comorbidity (MDD + ADHD), especially as it relates to youth with MDD and no ADHD (MDD - ADHD). The present study examined the clinical correlates of MDD + ADHD in youth and the presence of an ADHD diagnosis as a moderator of the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidality, peer relationships, and school functioning, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our sample included 797 youth with MDD ages 8 to 20 years (<i>M</i>_age = 15.5 years) with and without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youth with MDD + ADHD experienced more severe depressive symptoms, higher levels of suicidality, impulsivity, and irritability, and worse academic performance compared to those with MDD - ADHD. ADHD diagnosis did not moderate the relationships between depression severity and suicidality, peer relationships, or school functioning, respectively, suggesting that having an ADHD diagnosis may not affect these outcomes in depressed youth in this way.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings shed light on the impact of ADHD in depressed youth, which may allow for earlier and more tailored intervention efforts aimed at identifying and targeting depression, suicidality, peer relationships, and school functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1231-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms and Normal Behaviors Scale (SWAN): Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Utility.","authors":"Ruqayah Alhajji, Elaine Walsh, Kenneth Charles Pike, Freda F Liu, Monica Oxford, Mark A Stein","doi":"10.1177/10870547251340028","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251340028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal Behavior scale (SWAN) clinical utility as a diagnostic measure of ADHD in an ADHD clinic sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a sample of 357 children (6-11 years old) referred for evaluation at an academic medical center, we explored the SWAN's diagnostic and convergent validity with the Hyperactivity-Inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ/HI) and concurrent validity with the Impairment Rating Scale (IRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The averaged (SWAN total) and the SWAN Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale (SWAN HI) showed significant and large correlations with the SDQ/HI (<i>r</i> = .69 and .65), respectively. The SWAN Attention Deficit subscale (SWAN AD) had a significant but smaller correlation (<i>r</i> = .49). The SWAN total had moderate correlation with the IRS average score ( = .33). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.71) for the SWAN total, the SWAN distinguished ADHD cases from non-ADHD cases with sensitivity of 83% but specificity of 47%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a clinical sample, the SWAN total scores displayed a near-normal distribution. ADHD cases were distinguished from non-ADHD cases by the SWAN. The SWAN showed adequate convergent and concurrent validity with other symptoms and impairment measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1151-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Can Adults With ADHD Tell Us About Their Experiences? A Review of Qualitative Methods to Map a New Research Agenda.","authors":"Emily A Rosenthal, John T Mitchell, Thomas S Weisner, Natalie Silverstein, Christopher Yi, L Eugene Arnold, Lily T Hechtman, Stephen P Hinshaw, Peter S Jensen","doi":"10.1177/10870547251352589","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251352589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although ADHD has its roots in childhood, significant symptoms persist into adulthood for more than half of individuals. Adults with ADHD are heterogeneous in terms of symptom presentations, impairment domains, and relative strengths. Consequently, it is essential to better understand the diverse self-perceptions and experiences of adults with ADHD; qualitative methods are a valuable complement to quantitative work in this area. Our aim is to provide a scoping review of qualitative studies on adults with ADHD to articulate the current status of the field and establish future research directions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We review 41 studies, separating findings into four subpopulations: (1) adults with childhood ADHD, (2) college students with ADHD, (3) adults diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood, and (4) other studies (unspecified age of diagnosis).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative research on all four subgroups identifies recurring themes: substance use, decisions about medication for ADHD, perceived domains of impairment, factors that promote or hinder success, and concerns about identity and stigma. Notably, the relative emphasis of each theme varies as a function of sample type. Specifically, qualitative research among adults with a childhood ADHD diagnosis focuses principally on substance use and treatment desistance, whereas studies of individuals diagnosed with ADHD as adults often examine emotional responses to receiving the diagnosis. For college students with ADHD, themes frequently relate to struggles with the increased independence demanded by post-secondary educational environments and the adoption of accommodations or coping strategies. For future studies of adult ADHD, we highlight key domains for which mixed-methods strategies will be critical: (a) similarities and differences between multiple reporters of functioning, (b) willingness to receive treatment, (c) women, (d) participants from diverse racial and ethnic groups, and (e) middle age and older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In all, we highlight the value of qualitative and mixed-methods approaches to ensure that research captures the beliefs, intentions, experiences, emotions, and self-perspectives of people with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1190-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom and Performance Validity Measures in the Clinical Assessment of Adult ADHD: What Do We Learn from Network Analysis?","authors":"Anselm B M Fuermaier, Oliver Hirsch, Björn Albrecht, Mira-Lynn Chavanon, Hanna Christiansen","doi":"10.1177/10870547251348779","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251348779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>First-time diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults can be challenging due to diverse methodologies available for assessment, and the choices clinicians need to make about how to interpret diagnostic criteria. Network analysis is a statistical approach that has received growing attention in clinical research of recent years. It has the potential to aid visualization and illustrate the intricate relationships between the wide range of clinical measures.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The goal of the present study is to examine the value of network analysis on a sample of <i>N</i> = 896 adults newly diagnosed with ADHD in an outpatient referral context.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>The network depicts the interrelationship of a comprehensive set of measures and test variables, including symptom self- and other-reports, cognitive tests, motor activity, as well as measures of symptom and performance validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our network analysis supports ADHD symptom clusters with distinct networks of motor activity and attention/impulsivity and reflects the mode of assessment, i.e., neuropsychological versus self- and observer-ratings. The network further depicts the dissociable role of symptom and performance validity measures, and the different nature of embedded and freestanding validity tests. We discuss the future application of network analysis in clinical research on ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1177-1189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Physical Activity, Insomnia, and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) Among Young Adults Using the Adult Concentration Inventory (ACI).","authors":"Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, Larina Eisenhut, Thorsten Mikoteit, Nico Helfenstein, Annette Beatrix Brühl, Kenneth M Dürsteler, Serge Brand","doi":"10.1177/10870547251355005","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251355005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) report both lower physical activity levels and more insomnia than the general population. However, reliable data on adults with CDS are missing so far. The aims of the present study were three-fold: (1) to investigate the associations between CDS and physical activity patterns among young adults, and more specifically dimensions of physical activity (walking time/week, bicycling time/week, and aerobic physical activity/week), (2) to explore, if CDS scores, physical activity patterns, and insomnia were interrelated, and (3) to explore, if physical activity was directly or indirectly associated with CDS via decreased insomnia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 246 young adult students (<i>M</i>_age = 22.62; 56.3% females) participated in the present cross-sectional study. They completed a booklet of questionnaires covering socio-demographic information, cognitive disengagement syndrome (Adult Concentration Inventory; ACI), physical activity patterns (International Physical Activity Questionnaire; IPAQ), and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher scores for the ACI as a proxy of CDS were associated with lower physical activity patterns (durations of walking, bicycling, and aerobic exercising per week), and with higher scores for insomnia. Conditional effects modelings showed that while there was no direct and indirect association of physical activity on CDS scores, both a direct and indirect association of insomnia via lower physical activity on higher CDS scores was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among a smaller sample of young adults, higher CDS scores were associated with lower physical activity patterns and with more insomnia. Given that standardized behavioral intervention programs are available to improve both daily and weekly physical activity patterns and insomnia, such interventions might also favorably improve CDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1247-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA): Initial Validation of an ADHD Work Performance Measure in a Large Community Sample.","authors":"Anselm B M Fuermaier, Nana Guo, Christin Steggemann, Oliver Tucha, Anita C Keller","doi":"10.1177/10870547251355003","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251355003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Work performance is a critical aspect of daily living, significantly impacted by the characteristics of ADHD. However, current research lacks sophisticated, theoretically, and empirically supported instruments for assessing work performance in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a comprehensive and psychometrically sound self-report instrument for assessing the work performance of adults with ADHD and related disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An initial set of 40 work performance items was developed based on a multifactorial model, various preexisting questionnaires, and input from an interdisciplinary working group. Extensive psychometric analyses were conducted on a community sample of 714 participants engaged in paid work for at least 9 hr a week, randomly split into two subsamples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) validated the 7-factor structure of the work performance scale. The initial set of items was reduced by 10 based on internal consistency and item redundancy, resulting in a final set of 30 items which we called Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA). The WOPA was further evaluated for floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, and item-rest correlation. Additionally, associations of work performance were examined concerning work characteristics, ADHD symptom severity, indicators of functional impairments, executive function deficits, and internal emotional states.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The 30-item WOPA was developed based on empirically informed models, clinical considerations, and robust psychometric foundations. Subsequent clinical application is necessary to demonstrate its utility in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1213-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal ADHD Diagnoses Before and After Childbirth: A Danish Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Kathrine Bang Madsen, Mette Winther, Amalie Thea Jensen, Katrine Marcussen, Trine Munk-Olsen, Rikke Wesselhoeft, Sarah Kittel-Schneider","doi":"10.1177/10870547251372730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251372730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The rates of women of reproductive age diagnosed with ADHD have increased significantly. However, little is known about how pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period influence ADHD related problems, help-seeking behaviors or the timing of ADHD diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate incident ADHD diagnoses among women from 5 years before to 5 years after childbirth.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The population-based cohort study utilized Danish nationwide registers to identify mothers of all childbirths between 2010 and 2018. ADHD diagnoses, defined as ICD-10 codes (F90 or F98.8) or redemption of ADHD medication prescriptions, were recorded during 1994 to 2023. Women who received an ADHD diagnosis prior to the five-year pre-birth period were excluded. We estimated calendar-year adjusted incidence of first-time maternal ADHD diagnoses using Poisson regression, and compared incidence across pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, postpartum up to 2 years, and 2 to 5 years postpartum, reporting adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Analyses included psychiatric comorbidities and non-ADHD psychotropic medication use prior to an ADHD diagnosis, for women diagnosed with ADHD postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 363,904 mothers with a total of 524,936 childbirths. ADHD incidence rates decreased significantly during pregnancy (IRR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.22, 0.37]), remained lower than the pre-pregnancy period 2 years postpartum (IRR 0.82, 95% CI [0.74, 0.92]), and increased significantly above pre-pregnancy levels 2 to 5 years postpartum (IRR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.13, 1.35]). Among mothers diagnosed with ADHD postpartum, 53.9% had an in- or outpatient contact to psychiatric services or redeemed non-ADHD psychotropic medication prescriptions, in the period from childbirth until ADHD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incident ADHD diagnoses among women giving birth increased postpartum above pre-pregnancy levels, with peak rates observed between 2 and 5 years after childbirth. These findings highlight the postpartum period as a potential critical window of ADHD symptom worsening, underscoring the need for targeted mental health screenings and support for women during the years after childbirth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251372730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Maternal Progesterone Use During Pregnancy and Offspring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Risk.","authors":"Elham Bidabadi, Seyedeh Hajar Sharami, Seyyedeh Azade Hoseini Nouri, Masoumeh Parandavar, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad","doi":"10.1177/10870547251381867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251381867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous animal studies have suggested a link between progesterone exposure and the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study clinically evaluated the effect of progesterone use during pregnancy on the risk of ADHD in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective case-control study, 97 children diagnosed with ADHD and 194 age- and sex-matched controls were included. Maternal progesterone use-via suppositories or injections-during pregnancy was assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was slightly higher in the ADHD group, but not significantly. Male predominance was observed among ADHD cases, although not statistically significant. While neonatal hospitalization rates were similar, the duration was longer in the ADHD group (<i>p</i> = .009). Cesarean delivery and lower maternal education levels were significantly more common in the ADHD group (<i>p</i> = .004 and <i>p</i> = .013, respectively). No significant difference in overall progesterone use was found between ADHD and control groups (17.5% vs. 19.1%; <i>p</i> = .749). Injectable progesterone was used in 5.2% of ADHD cases and 10.8% of controls (<i>p</i> = .130), and the timing of use across pregnancy trimesters did not differ significantly (<i>p</i> = .493). Vaginal suppository use was also comparable (15.5% vs. 12.4%; <i>p</i> = .465). However, continuous progesterone use throughout all trimesters was more frequently reported among ADHD cases (20.0% vs. 4.2%), suggesting a possible association that needs further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike findings from animal models, progesterone use during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with ADHD development. Still, prolonged exposure may warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251381867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic Outcomes in Primary and Secondary School Students Prescribed Long-Acting Stimulants for ADHD Management.","authors":"Chris Folkins, Chandy Somayaji, Simerpal K Gill, James Ted McDonald","doi":"10.1177/10870547251378169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251378169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the impact of long-acting stimulant (LAS) pharmacotherapy for ADHD on academic outcomes among students in grades K-12 using retrospective analysis of administrative data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ADHD diagnosis was identified based on ADHD management plans in school records, physician notes in billing records, and/or prescription records. Prescription records identified LAS-treated students (<i>n</i> = 15,544), excluding those treated with immediate/intermediate-acting stimulants or atomoxetine. A control group without ADHD (<i>n</i> = 204,681), and another with untreated ADHD (<i>n</i> = 27,880) were also identified. The following outcomes were examined using multivariate regression: report card scores, standardized assessment exam performance, graduation from high school, school attendance, and transition to post-secondary education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADHD was associated with lower average report card scores and provincial assessment exam scores and increased frequency of school absence among grades K-12, and decreased likelihood of high school graduation and transition to post-secondary education. LAS treatment was associated with improved report card (score estimate -4.93 Treated, -6.19 Untreated) and provincial assessment exam scores (percentile rank estimate -9.20 Treated, -11.50 Untreated) among grades 9 to 12, reduced absences among grades K-12 (absence rate estimate -3.33 Treated, 7.96 Untreated), and increased likelihood of graduation (OR of failure to graduate 1.39 Treated, 2.22 Untreated) and transition to post-secondary education (OR of no transition 0.77 Treated, 1.42 Untreated; reference = No ADHD group).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LAS pharmacotherapy is associated with improved academic performance, attendance, and likelihood of graduation and transition to post-secondary education.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251378169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}