Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in a National Sample of US Older Adults.","authors":"Marrium Mansoor, Rosanna Breaux, Tae-Ho Lee, Benjamin Katz","doi":"10.1177/10870547251394080","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251394080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although inattention symptoms have been previously linked to cognitive performance in younger samples, few studies have examined links between ADHD symptoms and cognitive performance for middle aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we drew from a nationally representative sample from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of ~1,400 middle to older adults (<i>M</i>_age = 66.9, <i>SD</i> = 8.4; 41.4% male; 60.7% White) who completed a set of cognitive measures and an ADHD symptomatology questionnaire in the 2016 Wave of the HRS. A multigroup path model was run by examining the association between self-reported ADHD symptom subscale scores for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity as well as self-reported depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes across three groups: middle age, young-old, and middle-old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inattention symptoms were significantly associated with Serial 7s and Immediate Recall, however the constrained model was the best fitting model, suggesting no differences in the associations between self-reported inattention symptoms and cognitive outcomes by age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results are consistent with previous work on the links between ADHD symptoms and cognitive performance in younger populations and add to the literature on ADHD in later life. This may have implications for clinicians and practitioners as well as future research on older adults with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"649-665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Adherence in Children and Adults Receiving Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Sweden: A Nationwide Study.","authors":"MaiBritt Giacobini, Jingcheng Zhao, Jonatan Freilich, Carolina Brünner, Niklas Wallin Bernhardsson, Ewa Ahnemark","doi":"10.1177/10870547251406760","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251406760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the adherence of children and adults to oral stimulant ADHD treatments in Sweden during the period 2015 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, nationwide, register-based study evaluated all patients who were dispensed oral formulation stimulants (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] codes: N06BA01, N06BA02, N06BA04, N06BA12) identified in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Treatment episodes were constructed based on drug dispensation data, and treatment adherence was calculated for each treatment episode using a Proportion of Days Covered approach with a modified one-pill-a-day method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2015 and 2020, 158,413 treatment episodes were recorded in 128,366 patients, corresponding to a median 1.23 treatment episodes per patient. The majority of treatment episodes involved methylphenidate (64.0%), followed by lisdexamfetamine (32.2%), dexamfetamine (3.0%), and amphetamine (0.8%). Overall treatment adherence was high (78.2%), and was similar for patients receiving methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and dexamfetamine. The proportion of patients with ≥80% medication adherence was high (69.3%-71.8%) for adults aged ≥25 years, but was low for adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (49.7%-52.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall rates of treatment adherence are high for children and adults receiving ADHD medication in Sweden. We observed lower adherence among adolescents, which warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"666-676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity-Centered Development of a Community Health Worker Intervention to Improve Engagement in Care for ADHD.","authors":"Andrea E Spencer, Jacqueline Krystel Loubeau, Jennifer Sikov, Nicole Zolli, Julia Lejeune, Tithi Baul, Imme Kobayashi, Kryztal Pena, Jocelin Vanegas, Miriam Hansen-Erraziqi, Jessica Kim, Farah Nawreen, Garseng Wong, Rohan Dayal, Bella Faber-Rico, Lisa R Fortuna, Christina Borba, Arvin Garg, Michael Silverstein","doi":"10.1177/10870547251355696","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251355696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Barriers to engagement perpetuate inequities in ADHD care for children. Community Health Worker (CHW) interventions could improve treatment engagement and reduce inequities. We describe the development of a novel, manualized, 5-module CHW intervention for ADHD called START (SupporT for ADHD and Related Treatment) to increase engagement with ADHD care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed START based on perspectives from racial and ethnic minoritized families with feedback from a community advisory board, and conducted a single arm, adaptive pilot feasibility study of START for primary caregivers of children aged 6 to 12 years with newly diagnosed ADHD. We collected process data, pre- and post-intervention survey data, and qualitative data via caregiver exit interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen families enrolled, 15 completed START, and 16 completed study questionnaires. Median intervention duration was six sessions (IQR = 5-6) over 5 weeks (IQR = 4-8). All caregivers reported satisfaction with the quality of the intervention and materials provided and reported they would recommend START to another caregiver. Most caregivers reported that START made them more likely to consider medications (69%), therapy (75%), and school services (88%) for their ADHD. From pre- to post-intervention, median number of outpatient treatments increased from 1.0 (IQR = 1.5) to 2.0 (IQR = 0.5; <i>p</i> = .0034), ADHD knowledge increased (<i>p</i> < .0001), and median scores for 16 of 17 intervention objectives increased (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>START showed excellent feasibility and acceptability and treatment utilization increased post-intervention. We refined START based on feedback from caregivers, including enhanced personalization and expanding to six modules, to prepare for testing in a clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"577-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative and Non-Narrative Discourse Skills in ADHD Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Elizabeth Hill, Robert Wells, Wai Chen","doi":"10.1177/10870547251389329","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251389329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Discourse-level language abilities are critical for successful participation in social, academic, and vocational pursuits. These abilities encompass both narrative and non-narrative genres, each serving distinct communicative functions. Narrative discourse involves spoken accounts of events or experiences, typically with a setting, characters, and a sequence of actions. Non-narrative discourse includes genres like explanations, arguments, and descriptions that convey information or ideas without a temporal structure. The aim of this review was to synthesise extant literature on discourse abilities of children and adults with ADHD across these genres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic searches were conducted via CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, and ProQuest. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO [CRD 42022377007].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine studies were included in our review. Most studies investigated the narrative abilities of children with ADHD. ADHD was associated with atypical verbal output, characterised by atypical brevity and verbosity, dysfluency, reduced syntactic complexity, and grammatical errors. Individuals with ADHD produced fewer pronouns and conjunctions. Additionally, their discourse was less coherent and included more frequent topic changes. Similarly, speakers with ADHD omitted critical components of discourse genres. The effect of ADHD on discourse varied between adults and children with ADHD and was evident in both narrative and non-narrative discourse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Published evidence to date indicates that ADHD affects micro-linguistic to super-structural discourse features in children and adults, likely impacting communication success in social and academic environments. Assessing the structure and content of narrative and non-narrative genres should form routine functional evaluation in ADHD for adults and children. More research is indicated given current major gaps in areas reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"629-648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the Mediating Role of Cortical Structures in the Pathogenesis of Socioeconomic Status to ADHD: A Mendelian Randomization Study and Mediation Analysis.","authors":"Wanyu Xie, Jie Yu, Ping Wang","doi":"10.1177/10870547251385350","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251385350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research has consistently demonstrated a negative correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of ADHD, with SES exerting a significant influence on brain development. ADHD, closely intertwined with neurological development, often manifests as impairments within brain regions associated with memory, executive function, and emotion regulation. Nevertheless, the specific brain structural mediators linking SES to ADHD remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We explored whether the brain surface area (SA) and thickness (TH) mediated the relationship between SES indicators (Townsend deprivation index at recruitment, average total household income before tax, and job involves heavy manual or physical work) and ADHD utilizing two-step Mendelian Randomization (MR) and multivariate MR method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR analysis indicated that higher SES corresponds to a lower prevalence of ADHD. Genetically predicted household income was positively correlated with the SA of insula (β = .31, <i>p</i> = 1.02 × 10^-4), and physical work was positively correlated with the TH of entorhinal cortex (β = .74, <i>p</i> = 3.73 × 10^-5). Mediation analysis showed that the SA of insula was identified as a partial mediator in the protective effect of household income against ADHD prevalence, with a mediation ratio of 5.6%. Concerning potential causal relationships between IDPs and ADHD, reduced total brain SA increased ADHD risk (OR = 0.77, <i>p</i> = 5.60 × 10^-9), while reduced the TH of lateral occipital was protective (OR = 1.54, <i>p</i> = 2.02 × 10^-4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SES influences ADHD through brain structural changes, offering insights for prevention and intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"615-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic Future Thinking Improves Everyday Prospective Memory Performance in Adults With a Previous Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Community Providers.","authors":"Mareike Altgassen, Helena Heinrich, Marc-Andreas Edel","doi":"10.1177/10870547261416467","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547261416467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of the encoding strategy episodic future thinking on prospective memory performance (i.e., remembering to execute intended actions in the future) in individuals with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by community providers. Individuals with ADHD often have difficulties to plan and execute delayed intentions in everyday life; thus, they show reduced prospective memory performance. Several studies indicate that engaging in episodic future thinking (i.e., mentally imagining executing the planned activity) during intention formation can improve prospective memory performance in typically developing populations in lab-based settings. To assess the execution of everyday intentions, we requested participants to perform the diary task. Thirty-two adults with ADHD and 31 controls were allocated to an episodic future thinking encoding condition and 31 adults with ADHD and 33 controls to a standard encoding condition. Analyses of variance revealed significant main effects of group and of encoding condition. Overall, controls remembered to execute more intentions than individuals with ADHD. Across groups, episodic future thinking increased the realization of intentions as compared to the standard encoding condition; however, this effect was no longer significant when verbal ability was statistically controlled. There was no significant interaction effect. This study replicates earlier findings of reduced intention execution in ADHD and provides preliminary support for episodic future thinking as a strategy to enhance PM in daily life, though its effects may depend on verbal ability, warranting further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"705-721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Adult ADHD Care Delivery Among U.S. Telepsychology Providers.","authors":"Marushka R Rout, Ava Gaddis, Carlos E Yeguez, Margaret H Sibley, Nicole B Groves","doi":"10.1177/10870547251409862","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251409862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>At least a third of U.S. adults with ADHD do not access recommended treatments (medication or cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]), and those receiving treatment face barriers (e.g., inconsistent availability of medication). We investigated systemic inequities in CBT access for adults with ADHD versus psychiatric diagnoses with similar prevalence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We accessed and extracted publicly available listings from the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact (PSYPACT) provider directory (<i>N</i> <i>=</i> 12,898) in April 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 26.4% of PSYPACT providers explicitly offer any services for adult ADHD. They were nearly three times more likely to treat adult depression (69.2%) and anxiety (74.0%). CBT for adult ADHD was offered by just 21.3% of providers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>U.S. psychologists are chief CBT providers for adult mental disorders; however, they systemically underserve adults with ADHD. Contributors to this inequity must be identified to advance adult ADHD care, as untreated ADHD is a costly public health burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"571-576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exercise on Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Inhibitory Control at Behavioral and Electrophysiological Levels in ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Zeping Zhang, Xuanyu Bo, Kun Liu, Jiangdi Su, Yongfei Zhu, Suyong Yang","doi":"10.1177/10870547251404197","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251404197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of exercise on hyperactivity/impulsivity, inhibitory control, and inhibition-related event-related potential (ERP) components in individuals with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search identified relevant studies, and methodological quality was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), with data analysis conducted using Stata software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 studies (38 comparisons) were included, comprising 10 acute and 26 chronic exercise interventions. Exercise yielded a small-to-moderate improvement in inhibitory control but showed no significant effects on hyperactivity/impulsivity or inhibition-related N2 and P3 components. Subgroup analyses of inhibitory control revealed significant moderating effects of age (children/adolescents), intervention type (chronic interventions), frequency (three sessions per week), control condition (sedentary or no-intervention groups), and study quality (studies with moderate or high risk of bias).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise enhances inhibitory control in individuals with ADHD, with the effect being especially pronounced in children and adolescents. Chronic interventions and a frequency of three sessions per week appear to be most beneficial. However, it shows no significant effect on hyperactivity/impulsivity or inhibition-related N2 and P3 components. The impact of exercising should not be overestimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"677-693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Are You Waiting For?! Roles of Motivation, Goal Orientation, and Emotion Regulation in Explaining the Link Between ADHD and Procrastination.","authors":"Ruth Netzer Turgeman, Yehuda Pollak","doi":"10.1177/10870547251408120","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251408120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the complex relation between adult ADHD symptoms, procrastination, and mediating factors, in light of leading procrastination theories: the Temporal Motivation Theory (TMT), emotion regulation, and a General Architecture for Modeling the Dynamics of Goal-Directed Motivation and Decision-Making - the GOAL architecture.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was preregistered. A survey was conducted with 640 adults recruited online to examine the associations between ADHD symptoms, procrastination, and seven mediating factors. Participants completed measures assessing ADHD symptoms, procrastination tendencies, emotion regulation, motivation, and goal-related behaviors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the direct and indirect pathways among the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive association was revealed between ADHD inattention symptoms and procrastination tendencies. The mediating factors that significantly contributed to this relations were sensitivity to delay, perceived low value of the task, and flexible goal adjustment. While ADHD inattention symptoms was associated with all seven variables, three variables directly contributed to increased procrastination behavior, thus explaining the link between inattention symptoms and procrastination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the relations between procrastination and adult ADHD symptoms and underscores the need to address mediating factors in intervention strategies. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing targeted interventions to improve functional outcomes for individuals with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"694-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Adherence in ADHD: A Systematic Review of Influencing Factors and Strategies for Improvement.","authors":"Mobina Karimi, Sogand Ghasemzadeh, Faezeh Shabanali Fami","doi":"10.1177/10870547251387006","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251387006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this review was to more clearly understand what encourages or discourages treatment adherence in individuals with ADHD across different points in life. Instead of simply listing barriers, we set out to identify true, evidence-based strategies that could help patients and clinicians maximize long-term dedication to care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 52 peer-reviewed articles between 2014 and 2024. The primary sources used were five electronic databases (Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Taylor & Francis). The studies included heterogeneous age groups-children, adolescents, and adults-and had diverse methodologies ranging from randomized controlled trials to qualitative interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adherence to treatment for ADHD remains a problem, especially among teenagers. We organized the influencing factors into five main areas: sociodemographic, psychological/clinical features, medication-related issues, beliefs and attitudes, and broader systemic or environmental challenges. Conversely, interventions like pharmacological strategies, digital interventions and mobile-based reminders, psychoeducational and behavioral approaches, multimodal and long-term interventions, and consent-based strategies were all linked to improved adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving adherence in ADHD requires a multifaceted, personalized approach that considers clinical, psychological, and contextual factors. Interventions that integrate pharmacologic and psychosocial strategies, while addressing barriers such as stigma, system fragmentation, and cultural mismatch, are essential to achieving better treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"590-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}