Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Attention Problems in Childhood and Subsequent Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescence.","authors":"Myriam Casseus, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E Reichman","doi":"10.1177/10870547251352364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251352364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study used a large U.S. population-based dataset to examine associations between childhood attention problems and adolescent substance use, sexual risk behavior, and delinquency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study used data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (<i>n</i> = 2,716). Bivariate statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and negative binomial models assessed associations between attention problems at age 9 years and subsequent use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana, engagement in sex without a condom, and delinquency at age 15 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly one-fifth (18.3%) of adolescents had elevated scores (more than 1 standard deviation above the sample mean) for attention problems at age 9 years. Adolescents with elevated attention problem scores in childhood were more likely than adolescents who did not have elevated scores to have ever smoked an entire cigarette (9% vs. 4%) and ever tried marijuana (24% vs. 20%). Elevated attention problem scores were associated with higher odds of ever having smoked an entire cigarette (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.06, 95% CI [1.39, 3.05], <i>p</i> < .01) and higher delinquent behavior scores (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.30, 95% CI [1.11, 1.53], <i>p</i> < .01). In adjusted models, there were no significant associations between elevated attention problem scores and ever having tried marijuana, consumed alcohol, or engaged in unprotected sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that elevated attention problem scores in childhood were associated with higher risk of cigarette smoking and delinquent behaviors in adolescence. Results provide support for screening for attention problems among elementary school-age children and early intervention strategies to prevent health risk behaviors in adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251352364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Long-Term Impact of ADHD on Children and Adolescents' Health-Related Quality of Life: Results From a Longitudinal Population-Based Australian Study.","authors":"Ha Nguyet Dao Le, Courtney Keily, David Coghill, Lisa Gold","doi":"10.1177/10870547251353366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251353366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder. While much is known about the functional and academic impacts of ADHD, impacts on long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are less well-documented.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore, in children aged 4 to 17 years, associations between clinical ADHD symptoms and (1) children's HRQoL; (2) whether internalizing or externalizing problems attenuate this association; and (3) factors contributing to this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children at child ages 4 to 17 years (<i>N</i> = 4,194). Clinical ADHD symptoms (e.g., score >8) were measured using the hyperactivity scale from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Internalizing or externalizing problems were classified as children with scores ≥5 on the Emotional Problems and scores ≥4 on the Conduct Problems scale on the SDQ, respectively. Children's HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Linear mixed models were used, adjusting for child and family factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to those with no ADHD symptoms, children with ADHD symptoms had significantly lower HRQoL across all domains from 4 to 17 years (mean difference = 7.65, 95% CI [6.09, 9.19]). Internalizing and externalizing problems slightly attenuated the association between ADHD symptoms and children's HRQoL (mean difference = 4.91, 95% CI [3.40, 6.43]). Being a female or having autism or other medical conditions, or taking ADHD/ADD medication or caregiver having mental health problems was associated with poorer HRQoL while having two or more siblings was associated with better HRQoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADHD clinical symptoms are associated with poorer children's HRQoL from 4 to 17 years. Given that co-occurring medical conditions and poor caregiver mental health are associated with poorer child HRQoL, ADHD treatment needs to identify and address co-occurring conditions and parental mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251353366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA): Initial Validation of an ADHD Work Performance Measure in a Large Community Sample.","authors":"Anselm B M Fuermaier, Nana Guo, Christin Steggemann, Oliver Tucha, Anita C Keller","doi":"10.1177/10870547251355003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251355003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Work performance is a critical aspect of daily living, significantly impacted by the characteristics of ADHD. However, current research lacks sophisticated, theoretically, and empirically supported instruments for assessing work performance in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a comprehensive and psychometrically sound self-report instrument for assessing the work performance of adults with ADHD and related disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An initial set of 40 work performance items was developed based on a multifactorial model, various preexisting questionnaires, and input from an interdisciplinary working group. Extensive psychometric analyses were conducted on a community sample of 714 participants engaged in paid work for at least 9 hr a week, randomly split into two subsamples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) validated the 7-factor structure of the work performance scale. The initial set of items was reduced by 10 based on internal consistency and item redundancy, resulting in a final set of 30 items which we called Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA). The WOPA was further evaluated for floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, and item-rest correlation. Additionally, associations of work performance were examined concerning work characteristics, ADHD symptom severity, indicators of functional impairments, executive function deficits, and internal emotional states.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The 30-item WOPA was developed based on empirically informed models, clinical considerations, and robust psychometric foundations. Subsequent clinical application is necessary to demonstrate its utility in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251355003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Functional Impairment in Adolescents with ADHD: Delineating the Relationship Between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Dissociation.","authors":"Yavuz Meral, Mehmet Enes Gökler, Zeynep Seda Albayrak, Hande Kırışman Keleş, Nihal Serdengeçti, Meryem Seçen Yazıcı, Mahmut Cem Tarakçıoğlu","doi":"10.1177/10870547251349245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251349245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is substantial evidence supporting the distinction between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly from the inattentive subtype. However, despite proposed etiological and phenomenological similarities, the relationship between CDS and dissociation remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between CDS and dissociation and evaluates their combined impact on functional impairment while accounting for comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 103 adolescents with ADHD (aged 11-17, <i>M</i> = 14.15, <i>SD</i> = 1.71) and their parents participated in this multicenter, cross-sectional study. ADHD diagnosis was established using the Best Estimate Clinical Diagnosis method. Standardized assessments included the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV) for self-report, while parents completed the modified version of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCT-S), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Form (SDQ-P), and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report (WFIRS-P).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant correlations were observed between the parent-reported CDS Modified Total and the adolescent-reported A-DES Total score (<i>r</i> = -.024, <i>p</i> = .811), or any of its subdomains, after controlling for anxiety symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that CDS Modified Total (β = .0121, <i>p</i> = .032), and A-DES Absorption & Imaginative Involvement (β = .0085, <i>p</i> = .042) were independent predictors of parent-reported functional impairment along with SDQ-P Emotional Symptoms (β = .0399, <i>p</i> = .040), SDQ-P Conduct Problems (β = .0752, <i>p</i> < .001), RCADS-CV Separation Anxiety Disorder (β = .0245, <i>p</i> = .017). The dominance analysis indicated that the parent-reported SDQ Conduct Problems subscale had the highest average <i>R</i>² contribution (<i>M</i> = 0.1625) while the parent-reported CDS Modified Total demonstrated the lowest average <i>R</i>² contribution across models (<i>M</i> = 0.0498).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that CDS and dissociation represent distinct constructs, at least when rated by different informants, and that both may have significant and independent contributions to functional impairment in adolescents with ADHD. These results highlight the need to consider a broader range of contributing factors beyond symptom severity alone for the effective management of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251349245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining for Associations between Motor Disturbances and ADHD Status in Young Adults.","authors":"MinKyoung Song, Sydnee A Stoyles, Martina Mancini, Kerri Winters-Stone, Fay B Horak, Jessica Tipsord, Leeza Maron, Elizabeth Nousen, Joel T Nigg","doi":"10.1177/10870547251332029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251332029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Some studies show an association between ADHD and impaired balance/gait in children. However, it remains largely unexplored whether such an association exists in adults. We explore that association in this study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 45 adults aged 17 to 21 (25 with, and 20 without ADHD), most obtained from a longitudinal cohort study beginning in childhood. We measured balance/gait using objective measures from inertial sensors during the Instrumented Stand and Walk Test. Demographics and severity of ADHD symptoms were measured via questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young adults with ADHD showed a tendency toward worse balance and impaired gait in a dual-task activity than adults without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest balance and gait impairments are associated with ADHD in young adults. Balance/gait measures may hold promise as markers for persistent neurodevelopmental disorders, and the novel task used here may hold promise for measuring these impairments in adults with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"745-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irony Processing in Adults with ADHD: Evidence From Eye-Tracking and Executive Attention Tasks.","authors":"Marianna Kyriacou, Cecilie Rummelhoff, Franziska Köder","doi":"10.1177/10870547251333819","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251333819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts pragmatic communication abilities in children, including their understanding of verbal irony. This study aims to investigate whether adults with ADHD experience similar challenges in interpreting ironic statements, and to examine the role of executive attention abilities in accounting for any observed differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>52 adults with ADHD and 55 neurotypical controls participated in an eye-tracking experiment. They read stories that included either literal or ironic statements and answered targeted comprehension questions. We used measures of working memory and fluid intelligence as independent indices of executive attention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that adults with ADHD were as accurate as the control group in comprehending irony. However, they experienced an additional processing cost, indicated by increased reading times for ironic statements. While fluid intelligence improved comprehension accuracy in the control group, it did not have the same effect for participants with ADHD. Importantly, higher working memory capacity in adults with ADHD was associated with faster processing times, making their irony processing comparable to that of the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the subtle challenges adults with ADHD face in processing irony and highlight the crucial role of working memory in enhancing performance. These insights stress the importance of considering individual cognitive capacities and their interaction with ADHD symptoms to better understand how ADHD impacts pragmatic abilities in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"724-744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ability to Direct Attention in Working Memory Is Not Impaired in Adults With Symptoms of ADHD.","authors":"Amy L Atkinson, Beatriz Pinheiro Sanchez, Matthew Warburton, Heather Allmark, Richard J Allen","doi":"10.1177/10870547251330039","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251330039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neurotypical individuals can prioritize particularly valuable information in working memory. This is a well-replicated effect, demonstrated across a wide variety of task factors and age groups. However, it is not clear if individuals with symptoms of ADHD are able to do this effectively, as there is some evidence this group struggle to allocate attention in working memory tasks. Two experiments were conducted online to investigate this.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were presented with series of four colored shapes, and asked to report the color of each shape in a counterbalanced order following a brief delay. In some trials (equal value condition), all shapes were equally valuable with the correct recall of each shape gaining the participant 2 points. In other trials (differential value condition), the first item presented during the encoding phase was more valuable than the rest (5 point for the first item vs. 1 point for the other items). Trial-by-trial feedback was either provided (Experiment 1) or omitted (Experiment 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across both experiments, there was a clear prioritization effect at the first (targeted) serial position, with higher accuracy in the differential value condition relative to the equal value condition. There were also clear costs at the less valuable serial positions. These effects did not differ as a function of ADHD symptoms. There were also no significant correlations between scores on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Screener and the prioritization effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these findings demonstrates that the ability to prioritize particularly valuable information in working memory is not impaired in individuals with symptoms of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"684-705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD Symptoms and Medical Cannabis Use Among Adults With Chronic Pain.","authors":"David Saunders, Deepika Slawek, Chenshu Zhang, Nancy Sohler, Chinazo Cunningham, Haruka Minami, Joanna Starrels, Julia Arnsten, Frances Levin","doi":"10.1177/10870547251336841","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251336841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined whether medical cannabis (MC) use was associated with change in ADHD symptoms across time in a sample of adults with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study (<i>N</i> = 223) across 12 months, assessing ADHD symptoms and MC use. We used mixed-effects linear regression to test whether MC use (vs. no use) and high THC (vs. low THC) MC was associated with change in ADHD symptoms from baseline to follow-up at quarterly intervals. We stratified by baseline ADHD symptoms and pain catastrophizing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MC use was not associated with change in ADHD symptoms in the full sample or those with moderate/severe ADHD symptoms. Among those with minor/no baseline ADHD symptoms, high-THC MC (vs. low-THC) was associated with a decrease in ADHD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The null findings among participants with moderate/severe ADHD symptoms suggests that cannabis is unlikely to be a good treatment for ADHD. The preliminary findings in those with mild ADHD symptoms should be interpreted with caution given the small sample, the modest result, and all participants had chronic pain. These results may temper enthusiasm for MC as a treatment for ADHD, but further studies in larger and more generalizable samples may be justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"757-765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the ADHD Phenotype and Parsing Heterogeneity Via Emotional Dysregulation and Personality: A Latent Profile Analysis in College Students.","authors":"Patrick K Goh, Da Eun Suh, Ashlyn W W A Wong, Elizabeth A Bodalski, Will H Canu","doi":"10.1177/10870547251326676","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251326676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Past work has provided support for the relevance of personality traits and emotional dysregulation (ED), individually, for characterizing ADHD phenotypes beyond symptoms in college-aged populations. Yet, no studies have attempted to integrate these constructs into current ADHD conceptualizations within the context of one another. The current study thus sought to determine whether personality traits and ED dimensions, together, could facilitate meaningful differentiation of college students meeting symptom and impairment criteria for ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 1,858 college students aged 18 to 29 years (<i>M</i> = 19.4 years, 70.4% female) with either self-reported ADHD diagnoses and/or clinical levels of symptoms and impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent profile analyses provided support for a three-profile solution comprised of a Primarily Inattentive/ED Present/Emotionally Unstable profile, a Moderate ADHD Severity/ED Absent/Normative Personality Traits profile, and a High ADHD Severity/ED Absent/Normative Personality Traits profile. Consideration of ED dimensions and personality traits, namely Emotional Stability, meaningfully enriched profiles beyond ADHD sum scores. Concurrent validation of profiles suggested significant differences with respect to impairment domains and internalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional work is needed to characterize the integration of personality and ED into ADHD conceptualizations to inform more comprehensive assessment and treatment practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"659-673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and Sex Hormones in Females: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Elyssa Osianlis, Elizabeth H X Thomas, Lisanne Michelle Jenkins, Caroline Gurvich","doi":"10.1177/10870547251332319","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251332319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with elevated symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Symptoms of ADHD typically persist into adulthood and can impair functioning and overall quality of life. In females (including women and people assigned female at birth), ADHD is under-recognized, and knowledge about the relationship between ADHD symptoms and sex hormones is lacking. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence investigating the relationship between ADHD symptoms (including medication effects) and sex hormones in females.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Searches were conducted within Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO from 1980 to January 2025. Included studies investigated ADHD symptoms in the context of hormonal changes in females, including studies specifically exploring ADHD and sex hormones, as well as hormonal life stages (puberty, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy). Narrative synthesis was utilized for data extraction, grouping studies by hormonal phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 studies were included in this review. Evidence was largely suggestive of a relationship between ADHD symptoms and sex hormones in females, specifically in puberty and across the menstrual cycle. Findings were limited by the small number of studies reviewed, often with small sample sizes and considerable diversity in participant populations and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sex hormones and phases related to hormonal changes (such as puberty and the menstrual cycle) may be associated with ADHD symptom changes in females. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between sex hormones and ADHD symptoms and requires investigation of a wider range of hormonal milestones in females, including menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"706-723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}