Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Does Stimulant Medication Status Moderate the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Rumination?","authors":"Annie I Reiner, Alex J Greenberg, Matthew A Jarrett, Stephen P Becker, Michael J Kofler, Aaron M Luebbe, G Leonard Burns, Annie A Garner","doi":"10.1177/10870547251340039","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251340039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research suggests that college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at risk for experiencing ruminative thinking. Although research has shown that stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms, no research has looked at whether stimulant medication moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination. Given this gap in the literature, the current study examined whether stimulant medication status moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination. Participants (<i>N</i> = 4,751) were undergraduate psychology students from six universities (70.0% female; <i>M</i>_age = 19.08; <i>SD</i>_age = 1.36) who participated in a larger study. College students completed questionnaires related to ADHD symptoms and rumination and indicated whether they were currently taking a stimulant medication. Results of the moderation model indicated a significant main effect for ADHD inattentive symptoms (β = 5.20, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [4.43, 5.98]) and a significant interaction effect between ADHD inattentive symptoms and stimulant medication in relation to rumination (β = -2.41, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [-4.51, -.30]). Examination of conditional effects revealed significant simple slopes for students both on and off medication but a stronger association for those off (β = 5.20, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [4.43, 5.98]) versus on (β = 2.80, <i>p</i> < .05, 95% CI [.78, 4.81]) stimulant medication. Stimulant medication status did not moderate the association between ADHD hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and rumination. Future research should continue to explore the potential benefits of stimulant medication for reducing the association between ADHD inattention symptoms and rumination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"766-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Internal Restlessness, Drinking Motives, and Alcohol Use Outcomes in College Students.","authors":"Anna L Sherman, Amy L Stamates, Lisa Weyandt","doi":"10.1177/10870547251330038","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251330038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD and alcohol use are prevalent among college students, but few studies have examined internal restlessness (i.e., the mental discomfort experienced when suppressing hyperactive behaviors) in relation to alcohol use. Consequently, the current study sought to examine a path model testing associations between internal restlessness, drinking motives (i.e., coping, social, enhancement, and conformity), alcohol use, and consequences in college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and ninety-one college students completed an online survey regarding their use of alcohol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After controlling for ADHD diagnosis, there were significant positive associations between internal restlessness and coping (<i>B</i> = 0.025, <i>p</i> = .004), socializing (<i>B</i> = 0.026, <i>p</i> = .004), enhancement (<i>B</i> = 0.038, <i>p</i> < .001), and conformity (<i>B</i> = 0.026, <i>p</i> < .001). Two significant indirect effects were found for the association between internal restlessness and consequences through enhancement (95% CI [0.001, 0.009]) and coping (95% CI [0.000, 0.011]) motives and alcohol use, respectively. All other indirect pathways were nonsignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings revealed that internal restlessness was associated with the four drinking motives; however, greater internal restlessness was related to more alcohol consequences to the extent that they also reported strong coping and enhancement motives. Findings can be used to tailor intervention and prevention efforts to target emotional regulation and to reduce risk for college students who experience internal restlessness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"674-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of National Traumatic Events on Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms in Young Adults With and Without ADHD.","authors":"Tal Erdinast, Gili Katabi, Abraham Weizman, Iris Manor, Nitzan Shahar","doi":"10.1177/10870547251351442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251351442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous studies indicate that national traumatic events, particularly terror attacks, have a broad impact on the general population, including individuals not directly exposed. However, research on how such events affect inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in individuals with ADHD remains limited.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study examined the impact of the October 7 terror attack in Israel on ADHD-related symptoms. Young adults with and without ADHD (43 ADHD and 42 control) completed assessments of current and childhood ADHD symptoms, as well as anxiety, at two time-points: before and after the national traumatic event. Participants also reported their level of exposure to the October 7 attack and the subsequent war.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group showed a substantial increase in inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms after the attack, whereas the ADHD group exhibited no such increase and instead showed a slight reduction in symptom severity. Changes in symptoms in both groups were not influenced by direct exposure to an immediate threat. The increase in symptom severity tended to decline over time and was positively correlated with heightened anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that national traumatic events can temporarily increase inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms among young adults without an ADHD diagnosis, even if they were not directly exposed to the events. This increase tends to return to baseline over time. Conversely, individuals diagnosed with ADHD did not experience a worsening of symptoms and instead showed a slight reduction in severity, particularly in inattention, following the traumatic event. Future research should further explore the functional capabilities of individuals with ADHD under acute stress to deepen the understanding of this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251351442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome is Clinically Distinct from ADHD Presentations within Childhood and Adolescence.","authors":"G Leonard Burns, Stephen P Becker, Juan José Montaño, Belén Sáez, Mateu Servera","doi":"10.1177/10870547251344719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251344719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to determine the differential validity of a cognitive disengagement syndrome-only (CDS-only) group from ADHD-inattentive presentation-only (IN-only), ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive presentation-only (HI-only), and ADHD-combined presentation (C-only) groups within childhood (ages 5-10) and adolescence (ages 11-16).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages 5-16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD-inattention (IN), and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures. Scores greater/less than the top 5% on CDS, IN, and HI were used to create: (1) control, (2) CDS-only, (3) ADHD-IN-only, (4) ADHD-HI-only, (5) ADHD-C-only, (6) CDS + ADHD-IN, (7) CDS + ADHD-HI, and (8) CDS + ADHD-C groups within childhood and adolescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within childhood, the CDS-only group had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on anxiety, depression, somatization, daytime sleep-related impairment, nighttime sleep disturbance, social impairment, and peer withdrawal, whereas CDS-only, ADHD-IN-only, and ADHD-HI-only groups did not differ on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and academic impairment (ADHD-C-only higher). Within adolescence, the CDS-only group again had higher scores than the three ADHD presentations on somatization and daytime sleep-related impairment but was now lower than the three ADHD presentations on ODD as well as lower on academic impairment than the ADHD-IN-only and ADHD-C-only groups. Within adolescence, the CDS-only group and the three ADHD presentations did not differ on depression, social impairment, or peer withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDS-only group had strong differential validity from ADHD-IN-only, ADHD-HI-only, and ADHD-C-only groups within childhood with less striking differences in adolescence. In addition to more studies with adolescents, etiological models with multi-informant longitudinal data are needed to better understand the differences in CDS and ADHD dimensions and their changes across development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251344719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between ADHD and Pediatric Asthma: Results From a Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study of National Surveys and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.","authors":"Zhang Zhuoran, Wang Xiaoman, Yuan Rui, Cao Qingjiu","doi":"10.1177/10870547251349252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251349252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD often overlaps with pediatric asthma, leading to difficulties in treatment and management in clinical work. Previous research has explored their correlations but gained different conclusions. Thus, this work aims to fill this evidence gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2004. The association between ADHD and pediatric asthma was explored by the weighted multivariate-adjusted logistic regression. Then, the bidirectional univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analyses were performed to estimate the causal effects and then investigate if risk factors of pediatric asthma mediated in the causal pathways. Last, we conducted multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses adjusting for these mediating/confounding factors to determine the direct causality between ADHD and pediatric asthma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cross-sectional analysis, ADHD was positively associated with pediatric asthma both before (OR = 1.79, 95% CI [1.26, 2.53], <i>p</i> = .008) and after adjusting for all covariates (OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.10, 2.39], <i>p</i> = .048). In the UVMR analysis using the inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method, ADHD was found to increase the risk of pediatric asthma (OR = 1.070, 95% CI [1.029, 1.112], <i>p</i> = 6.566 × 10⁻⁴). This association remained significant after adjusting for confirmed mediating factors (obesity traits and smoking exposures) using MVMR (OR = 1.088, 95% CI [1.021, 1.160], <i>p</i> = .009). Another adjustment for remaining potential confounders (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases) via MVMR maintained the significant causal link (OR = 1.272, 95% CI [1.159, 1.396], <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADHD increased the onset of pediatric asthma with mediating factors including obesity and smoke exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251349252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom and Performance Validity Measures in the Clinical Assessment of Adult ADHD: What Do We Learn from Network Analysis?","authors":"Anselm B M Fuermaier, Oliver Hirsch, Björn Albrecht, Mira-Lynn Chavanon, Hanna Christiansen","doi":"10.1177/10870547251348779","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251348779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>First-time diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults can be challenging due to diverse methodologies available for assessment, and the choices clinicians need to make about how to interpret diagnostic criteria. Network analysis is a statistical approach that has received growing attention in clinical research of recent years. It has the potential to aid visualization and illustrate the intricate relationships between the wide range of clinical measures.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The goal of the present study is to examine the value of network analysis on a sample of <i>N</i> = 896 adults newly diagnosed with ADHD in an outpatient referral context.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>The network depicts the interrelationship of a comprehensive set of measures and test variables, including symptom self- and other-reports, cognitive tests, motor activity, as well as measures of symptom and performance validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our network analysis supports ADHD symptom clusters with distinct networks of motor activity and attention/impulsivity and reflects the mode of assessment, i.e., neuropsychological versus self- and observer-ratings. The network further depicts the dissociable role of symptom and performance validity measures, and the different nature of embedded and freestanding validity tests. We discuss the future application of network analysis in clinical research on ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251348779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of Depression in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shipei Wang, Tracy M Stewart, Isinsu Ozen, Arnab Mukherjee, Sinead M Rhodes","doi":"10.1177/10870547251341597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251341597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accumulating evidence indicates high rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents with ADHD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the rate of depression in children and adolescents with ADHD who are without intellectual disability (ID).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search of six databases identified 20,745 studies. After screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 studies were retained. A meta-analysis estimated the pooled depression rate in this population, and subgroup analyses examined differences based on sex, pubertal status, ADHD medication use, recruitment settings, depression assessment tools, informants, and risk of bias rating. Depression rates in children and adolescents with ADHD were compared with neurotypical peers in the retained case-control studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depression rates in children and adolescents with ADHD across the included studies ranged from 1.7% to 60%, with the meta-analysis estimating a pooled depression rate of 11.31% (95% CI [0.07, 0.16]). Subgroup analyses indicated significant differences by sex, with females showing higher rates than males. Differences were also noted by assessment methods, with the highest rates observed when both questionnaires and interviews were used. While other factors did not significantly affect rates, notable trends were identified and reported in the current article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression is a common co-occurrent psychiatric condition in children and adolescents with ADHD, with rates observed in this review and meta-analysis being higher than those reported for neurotypical children and adolescents. This review underscores the importance of combining multiple assessment methods to capture a comprehensive picture of depression in this population, as well as ensuring balanced demographic representation. This review also suggests that further research should explore the depression developmental patterns in children and adolescents with ADHD and identify whether patterns are similar to the neurotypical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251341597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of ADHD in Preschool Children: A community-based Study from Turkey.","authors":"Sinem Yavuz Ozturk, Nursu Cakin Memik, Sibel Balci, Ebru Karaca","doi":"10.1177/10870547251345178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251345178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), considering both parents' and teachers' reports and clinical diagnosis, and to examine the relationship between ADHD prevalence and measurement tools, sex, age, and clinical presentations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This two-phase epidemiological study was conducted on 689 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in Kocaeli, Turkey. In the first phase, the Conners Rating Scale-Revised Long Form and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV Preschool Version were administered to teachers after parents. In the second phase, diagnostic evaluation was performed using DSM-5 ADHD criteria for children scoring above the 93rd percentile on any scale, according to either parent or teacher reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ADHD was estimated to range from 2% to 12.6%, depending on the measurement method. The prevalence of ADHD diagnosis was 3.3%, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1. The hyperactive-impulsive presentation (1.62%) was more common than the combined presentation (1.32%) and the inattentive presentation (0.44%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings are consistent with the literature, emphasizing the importance of ADHD screening in preschool children for early diagnosis. Measurement tools used in ADHD screening and parent-teacher responses should be evaluated carefully.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251345178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emilio Mira y López's Perspectives on Understanding ADHD.","authors":"Joana Escamilla Lerner, Pilar de Castro-Manglano, Pilar León Sanz","doi":"10.1177/10870547251345916","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251345916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to examine the contributions of Emilio Mira y López (1896-1964) to the early conceptualization and treatment of what is now known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It seeks to contextualize his ideas within broader historical, pedagogical, and psychiatric developments in Spain and internationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A historical-analytical approach was employed, reviewing Mira y López's publications <i>El niño que no aprende (The Child Who Does Not Learn, 1947)</i>, as well as related psychiatric and educational literature from the early 20th century. His work was analyzed alongside contributions from contemporaries and predecessors, with a focus on terminology, neurophysiological concepts, and early treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mira y López described the \"unstable child\" or \"butterfly child\" with symptoms that align closely with modern ADHD: impulsivity, distractibility, and lack of sustained attention. He proposed that these children suffer from an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain functions, suggesting early therapeutic interventions including behavioral techniques and opotherapeutic (hormonal) medications. His research emphasized a medical and pedagogical approach to learning difficulties and prefigured ideas found in the emerging field of child psychopharmacology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emilio Mira y López's understanding of childhood instability reflected the influence of French and Anglo-American psychiatry and anticipated key elements of today's ADHD frameworks. His physiological model of inhibition mirrors Charles Bradley's \"inhibition hypothesis,\" which led to the use of stimulants for hyperactivity. Mira's early proposals contributed to shaping a more comprehensive, interdisciplinary view of childhood mental health and learning difficulties in Spain and Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251345916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risk Factors and ADHD: New Findings From the Community-Based Replication Project to Learn About Youth-Mental Health (Re-PLAY-MH).","authors":"Samuel M Katz, Abby de Arellano, Yvette Rother, Sydney Levine, Angelika H Claussen, Melissa L Danielson, Kate Flory","doi":"10.1177/10870547251339275","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251339275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is a commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in the U.S., with symptoms including hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. These symptoms can lead to increased engagement in unhealthy behaviors. The current study examined the associations between health risk factors and ADHD among a community-based sample of 345 students (4th-12th grade) by ADHD alone or with co-occurring disorders, ADHD medication use, and ADHD symptom count. Distinct from prior studies, our analysis also examined associations among pairs of health risk factors by ADHD diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data came from the Replication Project to Learn About Youth-Mental Health, using a two-stage design, incorporating teacher, parent, and student reported data.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Students with ADHD experienced a higher prevalence of not using a bike helmet (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01, 1.35]), being bullied, threatened, or feeling unsafe at school (PR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.02, 3.30]) carrying a weapon (PR = 7.02, 95% CI [2.58, 19.08]), and feeling sad or hopeless within the past 2 weeks (PR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.01, 7.47]) compared to those with no disorder. Students with ADHD exhibited different risk associations compared to those with no disorder, specifically for interpersonal violence risk. Medication treatment for ADHD was not associated with fewer health risks, except that students taking ADHD medication were less likely to skip breakfast (PR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.20, 0.78]) compared to those without ADHD. Higher ADHD symptom counts were associated with elevated television screen time, stimulant medication misuse, physical fight involvement, and carrying a weapon (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluating participation in health risk factors and developing tailored interventions may benefit youth with ADHD, regardless of treatment status.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251339275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12242883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}