Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Operationalizing In-session Treatment Engagement Strategies and Behaviors for Adolescents With ADHD and Their Parents.","authors":"Margaret H Sibley, Lourdes M Rodriguez, Melissa Lopez, Erika M Brochu, Fabiana V Bracho, Mercedes Ortiz, Jasmine Hashimoto","doi":"10.1177/10870547241308632","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241308632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many treatment engagement challenges are documented for adolescents with ADHD. Across contexts, helping professionals (i.e., therapists, prescribers, educators, coaches) might benefit from an engagement strategy toolbox to facilitate work with adolescents with ADHD and their families.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current study describes the development and psychometric testing of the ADHD Engagement Process Code (AEPC), a measure that operationalizes engagement strategies in the context of a blended behavioral/motivational interviewing treatment for adolescent ADHD (Supporting Teens' Autonomy Daily; STAND). The AEPC also operationalizes in-session parent and adolescent engagement-related behaviors. Behavior counts and global codes were coded for 840 audio-recorded STAND sessions delivered by 21 therapists to 121 adolescents. Subsets of tapes were double coded using the AEPC's parent, adolescent, and therapist coding systems to assess kappa for line-by-line verbalizations and intraclass correlations for session-level behavior counts and global scores. Construct validity was assessed. We explored low frequency and low variability codes and examined correlations between codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AEPC codes possessed good to excellent inter-rater reliability and strong discriminant validity. Three low frequency codes and one low variability global were identified indicating opportunities for AEPC refinement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AEPC is publicly available (https://osf.io/kshfy/) and offers a library of adolescent-specific codes for those interested in measuring provider, parent, or adolescent engagement behaviors in relevant populations or contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"336-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Experiences of Raising 7- to 11-Year-Old Children With ADHD and Perception of a Proposed Parenting Program: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Louise E Brown, Mary Tallon, Garth Kendall, Mark Boyes, Bronwyn Myers","doi":"10.1177/10870547241309526","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241309526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the experiences of Australian parents raising primary school-aged children with ADHD and gather feedback on a proposed ADHD parenting program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews undertaken with 11 Australian parents of 7- to 11-year-old children with ADHD. Interviews were conducted over Webex, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed in NVivo Ltd. software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified four themes: (1) \"I love my child but their ADHD traits are challenging,\" (2) \"Compliance, control, and completion,\" (3) \"It's hard, burdensome, and exhausting and I can feel like I'm alone,\" and (4) \"What a welcome relief.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents report that although raising neurotypical children is difficult, the presence of childhood ADHD increases the emotional and support burden placed on them. Parents were also very interested in and supportive of the proposed ADHD parenting program. The program aims to enhance parents' understanding of the neurocognitive implications of ADHD and to foster secure parent-child attachment, attuned parental responsiveness, and age-appropriate development of traits that promote well-being, adaption and recovery in people with ADHD.).</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"312-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could Maladaptive Daydreaming Delay ADHD Diagnosis Until Adulthood? Clinical Characteristics of Adults With ADHD Based on Diagnosis Age.","authors":"Ali Kandeğer, Hasan Ali Güler, Münise Seda Özaltın, Ömer Bayırlı, Hacer Söylemez, Elif Yıldız, Bengi Semerci","doi":"10.1177/10870547241310990","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241310990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our study aimed to compare the sociodemographic, diagnostic, clinical, and self-report scale data of adults diagnosed with ADHD in childhood/adolescence versus adulthood and to identify risk factors associated with delayed/missed diagnosis for ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic data of 214 adults with ADHD, followed at the Adult Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinic, Selçuk University, between January 2022 and January 2024, were analyzed. The diagnostic evaluations were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Clinician Version. Clinical data included age, gender, years of education, alcohol/substance use, diagnosis age, and current medication use for ADHD. Data collected from self-report scales included both ADHD-related measurements and comorbidity-related measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that only 34.4% (<i>n</i> = 74) of sample received a formal ADHD diagnosis during childhood/adolescence. Adults diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood were older and had higher education levels, more severe ADHD symptoms, and increased maladaptive daydreaming (MD) scores, compared to those diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the severity of MD was associated with being in the group diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood while controlling for other significant parameters from bivariate analyses, such as age, years of education, and current medication use for ADHD. Finally, analyses conducted separately in both groups showed that: (1) increased MD severity was a predictor of higher ADHD symptoms in those diagnosed in adulthood, but not in those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence, and (2) MD severity had a stronger correlation with ADHD symptoms, the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and symptoms of excessive mind wandering, depression, and anxiety in those diagnosed in adulthood compared to those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MD may delay ADHD diagnosis until adulthood by masking and compensating ADHD symptoms and delay in referral to mental health professionals, and it might also be a predictive symptom for recognizing ADHD in adults who have never been diagnosed; however, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"387-396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effect of Long-Term Methylphenidate Use on Cardiovascular Functions.","authors":"Çağatay Tunca, İbrahim Hakan Güllü, Saadet Demirtaş İnci, Kamuran Kalkan, Ruken Demirkol Tunca, Ayşegül Efe, Ayşe Nur Özkaya Ibiş, Alperen Taş, Mehmet Taha Özkan, Veysel Ozan Tanik, Orçun Ortaköylü, Nail Burak Özbeyaz","doi":"10.1177/10870547241307680","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241307680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, seen in children and adolescents, and is often treated with various pharmacological agents, especially methylphenidate. There are differing opinions in the literature regarding the cardiovascular safety of long-term methylphenidate use. Studies suggest that the drug may increase the risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension, and stroke. This study aimed to compare the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with ADHD who have been using long-acting methylphenidate for an extended period with age-gender matched healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 70 patients diagnosed with ADHD, who had been using long-acting methylphenidate for 2 years or more, and 51 healthy volunteers, who were referred to our clinic, were included in our study. Patients were evaluated with basic and advanced techniques such as Motion Mode (M-mode), two-dimensional (2D), Doppler, and 2D-Speckle Tracking (STE) using transthoracic echocardiography. All other data were evaluated instantly after the processing with the strain images analysis program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences were observed between the case and control groups in terms of body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with BMI negatively correlated and SBP positively correlated with methylphenidate use duration. There was no significant difference between the groups in apical four-chamber, three-chamber, two-chamber, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) values obtained by 2D-STE technique indicating early deterioration. The Left Ventricular (LV) lateral E' value, which indicates diastolic dysfunction, was lower in the drug group, but still within normal limits. The lateral LV E', Right Ventricular (RV) E', and RV A' values showed a significant negative correlation with the duration of drug use and remained within normal limits. Other parameters evaluating systolic/diastolic function such as E/E', left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial performance index (MPI), and tricuspid/mitral annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE/MAPSE) did not differ significantly between the groups and were within normal limits. Valve structures and regurgitations were also not significantly different between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering all parameters, we conclude that long-term use of long-acting methylphenidate does not cause cardiovascular dysfunction in late adolescent and early adult individuals. The observed differences in the E' lateral value between the case and control groups, as well as the slight correlation of lateral LV E', RV E', and RV A' values with the duration of use, do not directly indicate cardiac dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Research Priorities of ADHD Professionals: An International Delphi Study.","authors":"Kate Stephens, Emma Sciberras, Matthew Bisset, Ainsley Summerton, David Coghill, Christel M Middeldorp, Leanne Payne, Mark A Bellgrove, Stephen V Faraone, Tobias Banaschewski, Jeffery H Newcorn, Stacey D Espinet, Iris Manor, Mohammed M J Alqahtani, Jeremy Varnham, Timothy J Silk","doi":"10.1177/10870547241307739","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241307739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine ADHD research priorities from the perspective of ADHD professionals internationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A two-stage modified Delphi design was used. In Stage 1 (qualitative), participants listed research questions relating to ADHD that they perceived to be most important (<i>N</i> = 132). In Stage 2 (quantitative), participants were then asked to rate each research question that was deemed appropriate (able to be researched and not already addressed by research) in terms of perceived importance (<i>N</i> = 180).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stage 1 generated 382 research questions with 10 broad areas identified for example, co-occurring conditions and treatment, etc. The top 20 most important questions related to ADHD in women/girls, long-term medication use, non-pharmacological interventions, ADHD measurement/rating scales, and efficacy of emotional regulation interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results can inform an ADHD research agenda which represents the views of the individuals from major ADHD professional groups internationally. Parallel work is needed focusing on research priorities from the perspective of ADHD consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"303-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do Personality Dysfunction and Maladaptive Personality Traits Predict Time to Premature Discontinuation of Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD?","authors":"Peter Jacobsson, Tove Granqvist, Christopher J Hopwood, Robert F Krueger, Bo Söderpalm, Thomas Nilsson","doi":"10.1177/10870547241309524","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241309524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-adherence to medication is common in the adult ADHD clinical group. The goal of this pre-registered study was to examine whether the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD), generality personality dysfunction (LPFS-BF 2.0) or maladaptive personality traits (PID-5), can predict time to premature discontinuation of pharmacological treatment beyond other known factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 284 adult patients with ADHD (60.6% female; <i>M</i>_age = 32.31 years) were investigated for medication adherence from 2018 to 2023, using time-to-event analytic methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the sample, 54 were found to have discontinued treatment prematurely without consulting their physician. Interestingly this group was prescribed considerably lower doses before discontinuation than adhering patients. General personality dysfunction and maladaptive antagonistic personality traits are implicated in varying degrees, with the specific maladaptive personality facets <i>Intimacy Avoidance</i> and <i>Deceitfulness</i> (PID-5) significantly predicting time to premature discontinuation of ADHD medication beyond other known reasons for non-adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The broader implication is that the emerging personality pathology models hold promise to predict non-adherence in the adult ADHD population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"351-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C. G. Jung's Concept of \"Manic Mood\" From 1904: An Early Contribution to the Disorder of the Adult Form of ADHD?","authors":"Steffen Müller, Maria Strauß, Holger Steinberg","doi":"10.1177/10870547251319077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251319077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult ADHD has increasingly become a focus in adult psychiatry. Despite well-established diagnostic criteria and specific therapeutic approaches, contemporary discussions often dismiss ADHD as a \"fad.\" This study examines Carl Gustav Jung's 1904 concept of \"manic mood\" and its potential alignment with the modern understanding of ADHD in adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this paper is to investigate and discuss whether Jung's concept of \"manic mood\" can be considered part of the intellectual history of adult ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Jung's concept of \"manic mood\" is analyzed and presented using the literary-historical method of \"close reading,\" placing the analysis within the context of the early 20th-century discussion of \"chronic-manic concepts.\" This analysis is compared with the current diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Jung's concept of \"manic mood,\" described in 1904, has clear parallels to diagnostic criteria used for adult ADHD. It is conceivable that the patients presented by Jung would be diagnosed with adult ADHD today. Jung's work fits into the discussion of \"chronic-manic concepts\" of the early 20th century and thus makes a relevant original contribution to the nosological-diagnostic classification of forms in the spectrum of ADHD-affective disorders-personality disorders. The parallel between Jung's disease construct of \"manic mood\" and the current view of ADHD supports our hypothesis that the adult form of ADHD represents a consistent disease phenomenon and should therefore not be degraded as a \"fad.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251319077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Upside of ADHD-related Risk-taking: Adolescents With ADHD Report a Higher Likelihood of Engaging in Prosocial Risk-taking Behavior Than Typically Developing Adolescents.","authors":"Barbara R Braams, Rebecca van Rijn, Tessa Leijser, Tycho J Dekkers","doi":"10.1177/10870547251321882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251321882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD is highly prevalent in adolescents. ADHD is characterized by heightened impulsive behavior and is often associated with increased risk-taking behavior in adolescence. Previous research has mostly focused on negative aspects of risk-taking behavior. However, recently two other types of risk-taking behavior have been identified: positive and prosocial risk-taking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Here, we tested whether youth with ADHD are more inclined toward positive and prosocial risk-taking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the self-reported likelihood of engaging in negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking in a sample of 50 adolescents with ADHD (<i>M</i>_age = 16.3, <i>SD</i> = 1.18) and 54 typically developing adolescents (<i>M</i>_age = 16.9, <i>SD</i> = 0.73). Regardless of group, we found that positive, prosocial, and negative risk-taking behavior were positively correlated, higher risk-taking in one domain was associated with higher levels of risk-taking in another.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Crucially, we found that adolescents with ADHD were more likely to engage in prosocial risk-taking behavior compared to typically developing adolescents. We did not find group differences for negative and positive risk-taking behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these results show a first indication of the upside of risk-taking in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251321882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Prescription Stimulants on TikTok.","authors":"Benjamin Johnson, Tianze Sun, Leo Wu, Stella Seal, Daniel Stjepanovic, Gary Chan, Janni Leung","doi":"10.1177/10870547251318834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251318834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TikTok has become a significant influence on public health perceptions, especially regarding ADHD. With its expansive reach among younger demographics, TikTok content has the potential to shape public understanding and behaviors related to ADHD treatment. This study analyzed how prescription stimulants are depicted on TikTok to assess the potential influence of these portrayals on ADHD stimulant medication demand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a snowball sampling strategy to collect 1,000 TikTok videos related to prescription stimulants. A systematic content analysis was conducted on a refined dataset of 548 videos, identifying primary categories related to prescription stimulant portrayals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The videos, which predominantly featured young adults, mainly white and female, amassed an average of over 300,000 views per video. Our analysis uncovered four primary categories: Positive Effects, Negative Effects, Context of Use, and Systemic Challenges. Videos frequently depicted substantial improvements in daily functionality and emotional well-being attributed to prescription stimulants, with side effects presented as manageable. The context of use highlighted the broad applications of these medications in daily life, while systemic challenges focused on issues such as healthcare barriers, medication shortages, and stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TikTok users' portrayal of prescription stimulants were predominantly positive, emphasizing improved lifestyles, which may influence medication demand similar to direct-to-consumer advertising, particularly among young women. The depiction of systemic barriers underscores the complexity of accessing treatment, which may disproportionately affect individuals with ADHD and impact treatment adherence, warranting further research into audience reception of this content.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251318834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Adverse Cardiac Events in Individuals Prescribed Stimulants Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Destin Groff, Wen-Jan Tuan, Kraig Holt, James R Latronica, Curtis Bone","doi":"10.1177/10870547251313880","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251313880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prescription stimulants are an effective FDA approved treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) however their safety has come under scrutiny. Multiple studies demonstrate safe use in pediatric populations, but prescriptions are increasing to adults and it is not evident which comorbidities might place people at risk of adverse outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of adverse cardiovascular events for individuals exposed to stimulants across the lifespan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case control study utilizing the TriNetX research network database. Individuals were included for study if they were younger than 90 years old and prescribed stimulants between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020. We utilized summary statistics, chi2, and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for cardiovascular events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 987,762 individuals prescribed stimulants, 49,902 experienced an adverse cardiovascular event. Individuals with atherosclerotic heart disease had the highest odds of adverse events (aOR = 36.7, <i>p</i> < .001). Hypertension (aOR = 2.78 <i>p</i> < .001), cocaine use (aOR = 1.64 <i>p</i> < .001), and anxiety (aOR = 1.46 <i>p</i> < .001) were also strongly predictive of adverse outcomes, but risk varied by age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atherosclerotic heart disease and its antecedents pose the greatest risk for cardiovascular events for people prescribed stimulants. Mental health diagnoses are also independent predictors and age may be an effect modifier of these relationships. ADHD was not an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events when controlling for other biopsychosocial variables in adult populations. Additional research focused on predictive models and prospective studies may be warranted to better inform clinical decisions regarding stimulant prescriptions for the broad demographic of patients that may benefit from these medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251313880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}