Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Adult Diagnosis of ADHD in Women: A Mixed Methods Investigation.","authors":"Dara E Babinski, Erin J Libsack","doi":"10.1177/10870547241297897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547241297897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this study was to examine the experiences of women diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Benefits and costs associated with obtaining the diagnosis were examined in two focus groups conducted virtually. Factors hindering and facilitating the identification, assessment, and subsequent treatment of ADHD were also explored. Focus groups were conducted virtually and together included 14 women (<i>M</i>_age = 39.43, <i>SD</i> = 6.37) who were diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of women described numerous benefits of receiving a diagnosis of ADHD, including validation/self-compassion, adaptive coping, and social support. Negative aspects of the diagnosis, including difficulties accessing care, the burden of care, limitations to existing evidence-based treatments, and stigma were also identified by some women. Furthermore, women described variable diagnostic experiences, with many indicating that they had not recognized their own symptoms of ADHD, as well as diagnostic complexity and other factors that masked identification of ADHD. Women described a range of diagnostic assessment procedures, as well as considerable self-advocacy to convince their providers to consider the diagnosis of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These lived experiences of women diagnosed with ADHD provide critical insight into improving clinical care for ADHD in women. Recommendations to increase accurate and timely identification of ADHD in women and advance efforts toward effective and equitable care are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547241297897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmet Needs of Children and Young Adults With ADHD: Insights From Key Stakeholders on Priorities for Stigma Reduction.","authors":"Marlies Jolinde Visser, Ruth Maria Hendrika Peters, Marjolein Luman","doi":"10.1177/10870547241297876","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241297876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individuals with ADHD continue to face stigma, which can negatively impact their access to, adherence to, and quality of mental health services, as well as their overall wellbeing. Perspectives of various stakeholders regarding priorities for stigma reduction remain underexplored. This study explores young adult, parent, teacher, and mental health care professional perspectives on unmet needs of children and young adults with ADHD in the Netherlands, in the context of stigma reduction.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 24 respondents participated in seven small focus group discussions (FGDs). The FGDs facilitated in-depth discussions exploring stakeholder group perspectives on unmet needs of children and young adults with ADHD in educational, professional, and social settings. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three thematic categories of unmet needs were identified: (1) a lack of awareness, knowledge, and understanding of ADHD; (2) insufficient personalized approaches in education and health care; and (3) limited accessibility of information and support services. Within theme 1, respondents primarily highlighted the importance of improving education for primary school teachers and mental health care professionals. Theme 2 underscored the need for increased capacity for personalization and attention to the sociopsychological factors of ADHD, alongside recognizing strengths. Theme 3 emphasized the need for easy access to reliable information and mental health care, including peer networks, as well as proper follow-up and continuity of care.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the need for improving our understanding of ADHD as a complex biopsychosocial condition, which requires specific adjustments in education and mental health care. Interventions to improve support and disrupt stigmatization should meet diverse needs, incorporate multi-level strategies, and involve key stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547241297876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Dysregulation in Emerging Adult ADHD: A Key Consideration in Explaining and Classifying Impairment and Co-Occurring Internalizing Problems.","authors":"Patrick K Goh, Ashlyn W W A Wong, Da Eun Suh, Elizabeth A Bodalski, Yvette Rother, Cynthia M Hartung, Elizabeth K Lefler","doi":"10.1177/10870547241284829","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241284829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study sought to clarify and harness the incremental validity of emotional dysregulation and unawareness (EDU) in emerging adulthood, beyond ADHD symptoms and with respect to concurrent classification of impairment and co-occurring problems, using machine learning techniques.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 1,539 college students (<i>M</i>_age = 19.5, 69% female) with self-reported ADHD diagnoses from a multisite study who completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms, EDU, and co-occurring problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random forest analyses suggested EDU dimensions significantly improved model performance (<i>p</i>s < .001) in classifying participants with impairment and internalizing problems versus those without, with the resulting ADHD + EDU classification model demonstrating acceptable to excellent performance (except in classification of Work Impairment) in a distinct sample. Variable importance analyses suggested inattention sum scores and the Limited Access to Emotional Regulation Strategies EDU dimension as the most important features for facilitating model classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results provided support for EDU as a key deficit in those with ADHD that, when present, helps explain ADHD's co-occurrence with impairment and internalizing problems. Continued application of machine learning techniques may facilitate actuarial classification of ADHD-related outcomes while also incorporating multiple measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1627-1641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiovisual Integration Decreases Inhibition of Return in Children With ADHD.","authors":"Hong Zhang, Yan Chen, Jiaying Sun, Shizhong Cai, Xiaoyu Tang, Aijun Wang","doi":"10.1177/10870547241284867","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241284867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous studies have widely demonstrated that inhibition of return (IOR) with audiovisual targets decreases due to audiovisual integration (AVI). It is currently unclear, however, whether the impaired AVI in children with ADHD has effects on IOR. The present study used the cue-target paradigm to explore differences between the IOR of audiovisual targets and the IOR of visual targets in ADHD and typically developing (TD) children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 81 native Chinese speakers aged 6 to 13 years were recruited, including 38 children with ADHD and 43 age- and sex-matched TD children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there was a smaller magnitude of IOR with audiovisual targets as compared with visual targets in the two groups. Importantly, the reduction of IOR in audiovisual conditions was significantly smaller in children with ADHD than in children with TD. Race model analyses further confirmed that differences in IOR between ADHD and TD are due to deficits of audiovisual integration in ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that children with ADHD have impaired audiovisual integration, which has a minimal impact on IOR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1684-1696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Problems in Adults With ADHD: Prevalences and Their Relationship With Psychiatric Comorbidity.","authors":"Mirte van der Ham, Denise Bijlenga, Mylène Böhmer, Aartjan T F Beekman, Sandra Kooij","doi":"10.1177/10870547241284477","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241284477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep problems are common in adults with ADHD and may be bidirectionally associated with ADHD severity and other psychiatric symptoms. We investigated the prevalence of positive screenings for various sleep disorders, and their association with psychiatric comorbidities in a large sample of adults with ADHD from a specialized outpatient clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included data of 3,691 adult patients diagnosed with ADHD, who had filled out a screener for sleep disorders (Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (HSDQ)) as part of routine diagnostic assessment. The HSDQ screens for the sleep disorders insomnia, parasomnia, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), restless legs syndrome (RLS)/periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), and sleep-related breathing disorders (SBD). As delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is very frequent in ADHD, we additionally screened for DSPS. Psychiatric comorbidities were diagnosed through clinical assessment and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) Plus, which assesses 26 psychiatric disorders following the classification of the DSM-5. All data were retrieved from the electronic patient files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 35.4 and 49.4% of the patients were female. About 60% of the adults with ADHD screened positive for any sleep disorder. Highest prevalences were found for symptoms of DSPS (36%), insomnia (30%), and RLS/PLMD (29%). Sleep problems in adults with ADHD were associated with comorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, personality disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adults with ADHD often report sleep problems, which are associated with specific psychiatric comorbidities. Systematic screening for sleep disorders in adult patients with ADHD can contribute to a better understanding of their complaints and may aid improved and integrated treatment for the sleep and psychiatric problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1642-1652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chronotherapeutic Interventions in Adults With ADHD and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) on Regulation of Appetite and Glucose Metabolism.","authors":"Emma van Andel, Suzan W N Vogel, Denise Bijlenga, Andries Kalsbeek, Aartjan T F Beekman, J J Sandra Kooij","doi":"10.1177/10870547241285160","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241285160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> ADHD is highly comorbid with Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS). Both are associated with obesity and diabetes, which can be caused by long-term dysregulations of appetite and glucose metabolism. This study explores hormones involved in these processes and the effects of chronotherapeutic interventions in a small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. <b>Methods:</b> Exploratory, secondary analysis of data from the PhASE study, a three-armed randomized clinical trial, are presented, including 37 adults (18-53 years) with ADHD and DSPS receiving three weeks of 0.5 mg/day (1) placebo, (2) melatonin, or (3) melatonin plus 30 minutes of bright light therapy (BLT). Leptin (appetite-suppressing), ghrelin (appetite-stimulating), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and glucose were measured from blood collected at 08:00 hours. Salivary cortisol was collected during the first 30 minutes after awakening and self-reported appetite was assessed. <b>Results:</b> Baseline leptin and IGF-1 levels were higher than reference ranges, and ghrelin and cortisol levels were lower, while insulin and glucose were normal. Melatonin treatment decreased leptin and insulin. Other outcomes remained unchanged and melatonin + BLT had no effects. <b>Conclusion:</b> Due to the small sample size and exploratory nature of the study, results should be interpreted with caution. Overall, these results show no strong indications for dysregulation of appetite and glucose metabolism to suggest high risk of obesity and diabetes in this small sample of adults with ADHD and DSPS. However, baseline appetite was suppressed, likely because measurements took place in the early morning which could be considered the biological night for this study population. Melatonin treatment seemed to cause subtle changes in appetite-regulating hormones suggesting increased appetite. Chronotherapeutic treatment may affect appetite-regulating hormones by advancing the biological rhythm and/or altering eating behaviors, but this remains to be investigated in larger samples using detailed food diaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1653-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Childhood Experiences and the Indirect Relationship With Improved Emotion Regulation in Adults With ADHD Through Social Support.","authors":"Catherine T Lowe, Alexandra C Bath, Brandy L Callahan, Emma A Climie","doi":"10.1177/10870547241261826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241261826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify direct and indirect associations between PCEs and social support to emotion regulation outcomes in adults with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Adults with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 81) reported PCEs, current social support, and emotion regulation. Conditional effects modeling examined the direct and indirect relationships between PCEs and emotion dysregulation through social support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PCEs were indirectly related to improved emotion regulation through increased social support generally (β = -.70, 95% CI [-1.32, -0.17], and specifically through belonging (β = -.43, 95% CI [ -0.87, -0.05], self-esteem (β = -.61, 95% CI [-1.08, -0.27], and tangible social support (β = -.50, 95% CI [-1.07, -0.02].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PCEs may protect emotion regulation in adults with ADHD through social support, possibly through facilitating social connections, increasing access to social support, and sustaining emotion regulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1615-1626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Frontal QRS-T Angle in Children With ADHD and Healthy Controls.","authors":"Fethiye Kılıçaslan, Aybike Tan, Zulkif Tanriverdi","doi":"10.1177/10870547241288353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547241288353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conflicting findings exist regarding the link between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the frontal QRS-T (fQRS-T) angle and its correlation with symptom severity in children diagnosed with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 172 patients diagnosed with ADHD (120 drug naive and 52 drug positive) and 82 healthy controls. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Atilla Turgay DSM-IV-Based Screening and Assessment Scale for Disruptive Conduct Disorders (T-DSM-IV-Scale). The fQRS-T angle and corrected QT (QTc) interval were obtained from the automated reports of 12-lead electrocardiography device for each patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QTc interval and fQRS-T angle were significantly different among the groups. Post hoc analyses showed that QTc interval and fQRS-T angle of ADHD drug naive and ADHD drug positive patients were significantly higher than the healthy control groups. However, there was no significant difference between drug naive and drug positive patients regarding QTc interval and fQRS-T angle. Both QTc interval and fQRS-T angle showed positive correlations with the severity of ADHD symptoms (r = 0.263, <i>p</i> = .001 and r = 0.175, <i>p</i> = .023 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that fQRS-T angle was significantly wider in children with ADHD. Therefore, we suggest that fQRS-T angle may help in cardiovascular risk assessment in children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547241288353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Psychological Factors and Executive Functions of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome to ADHD and ADHD Comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder.","authors":"Sevim Berrin Inci Izmir, Zekeriya Deniz Aktan, Eyüp Sabri Ercan","doi":"10.1177/10870547241267379","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241267379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to examine family functionality, emotion regulation difficulties, preference for loneliness, social exclusion, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and compare with ADHD, and ADHD+ Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study included 842 children aged 8-12 years. The subjects were categorized according to DSM-V as ADHD (<i>n</i> = 246), ADHD + ODD (<i>n</i> = 212), ADHD + CDS (<i>n</i> = 176), and Control group (<i>n</i> = 207). The solitude and social exclusion, difficulties in emotion dysregulation and Barkley SCT scales, Child Behavior Checklist, family assessment device, and Central Vital Signs (CNSVS) test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the study, children with ADHD + CDS had higher rates of internalizing disorders. They also preferred being alone and experienced more difficulty communicating with their parents and solving problems within the family. Additionally, these children had difficulty recognizing and understanding the emotional reactions of others. The ADHD + ODD group presented a poorer performance on CNSVS domain tests except for the psychomotor speed test than other groups. Also, ADHD + CDS children had the lowest psychomotor speed scores and lower scores on reaction time and cognitive flexibility than pure ADHD children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study will contribute to the etiology, treatment, and clinical discrimination of ADHD + CDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1555-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Neuromuscular Assessment to Identify ADHD Among Patients with a Complex Symptom Picture.","authors":"Anne Beate Helseth Udal, Liv Larsen Stray, Are Hugo Pripp, Torstein Stray, Jens Egeland","doi":"10.1177/10870547241273102","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547241273102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diagnostic assessment of ADHD is challenging due to comorbid psychopathologies and symptoms overlapping with other psychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigate if a distinct pattern of neuromuscular dysregulation previously reported in ADHD, can help identifying ADHD in psychiatric patients with diverse and complex symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We explored the impact of neuromuscular dysregulation, as measured by The Motor Function Neurologic Assessment (MFNU), on the likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD, affective disorder, anxiety disorder, or personality disorder among adults (<i>n</i> = 115) referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression revealed that neuromuscular dysregulation was significantly associated with ADHD diagnosis only (<i>OR</i> 1.15, <i>p</i> < .01), and not with affective-, anxiety-, or personality disorders. Sensitivity and specificity for ADHD at different MFNU scores is provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A test of neuromuscular dysregulation may promote diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ADHD from other psychiatric disorders in patients with an overlapping symptom picture. This may have important implications for clinical practice. More studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"1577-1588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}