Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"C. G. Jung's Concept of \"Manic Mood\" From 1904: An Early Contribution to the Disorder of the Adult Form of ADHD?","authors":"Steffen Müller, Maria Strauß, Holger Steinberg","doi":"10.1177/10870547251319077","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251319077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult ADHD has increasingly become a focus in adult psychiatry. Despite well-established diagnostic criteria and specific therapeutic approaches, contemporary discussions often dismiss ADHD as a \"fad.\" This study examines Carl Gustav Jung's 1904 concept of \"manic mood\" and its potential alignment with the modern understanding of ADHD in adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this paper is to investigate and discuss whether Jung's concept of \"manic mood\" can be considered part of the intellectual history of adult ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Jung's concept of \"manic mood\" is analyzed and presented using the literary-historical method of \"close reading,\" placing the analysis within the context of the early 20th-century discussion of \"chronic-manic concepts.\" This analysis is compared with the current diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Jung's concept of \"manic mood,\" described in 1904, has clear parallels to diagnostic criteria used for adult ADHD. It is conceivable that the patients presented by Jung would be diagnosed with adult ADHD today. Jung's work fits into the discussion of \"chronic-manic concepts\" of the early 20th century and thus makes a relevant original contribution to the nosological-diagnostic classification of forms in the spectrum of ADHD-affective disorders-personality disorders. The parallel between Jung's disease construct of \"manic mood\" and the current view of ADHD supports our hypothesis that the adult form of ADHD represents a consistent disease phenomenon and should therefore not be degraded as a \"fad.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"645-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Adverse Cardiac Events in Individuals Prescribed Stimulants Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Destin Groff, Wen-Jan Tuan, Kraig Holt, James R Latronica, Curtis Bone","doi":"10.1177/10870547251313880","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251313880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prescription stimulants are an effective FDA approved treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) however their safety has come under scrutiny. Multiple studies demonstrate safe use in pediatric populations, but prescriptions are increasing to adults and it is not evident which comorbidities might place people at risk of adverse outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of adverse cardiovascular events for individuals exposed to stimulants across the lifespan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case control study utilizing the TriNetX research network database. Individuals were included for study if they were younger than 90 years old and prescribed stimulants between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020. We utilized summary statistics, chi2, and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for cardiovascular events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 987,762 individuals prescribed stimulants, 49,902 experienced an adverse cardiovascular event. Individuals with atherosclerotic heart disease had the highest odds of adverse events (aOR = 36.7, <i>p</i> < .001). Hypertension (aOR = 2.78 <i>p</i> < .001), cocaine use (aOR = 1.64 <i>p</i> < .001), and anxiety (aOR = 1.46 <i>p</i> < .001) were also strongly predictive of adverse outcomes, but risk varied by age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atherosclerotic heart disease and its antecedents pose the greatest risk for cardiovascular events for people prescribed stimulants. Mental health diagnoses are also independent predictors and age may be an effect modifier of these relationships. ADHD was not an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events when controlling for other biopsychosocial variables in adult populations. Additional research focused on predictive models and prospective studies may be warranted to better inform clinical decisions regarding stimulant prescriptions for the broad demographic of patients that may benefit from these medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"628-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Sex and Gender Factors in Stimulant Treatment for ADHD: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions.","authors":"Iris L Rapoport, Annabeth P Groenman","doi":"10.1177/10870547251315601","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251315601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Stimulant medications are the primary pharmacological intervention for ADHD, yet our understanding of how sex and gender impact stimulant treatment outcomes remains limited. Clinical guidelines do not differ for female and male individuals despite possible sex and gender-related differences in effectiveness, adverse events, and pharmacokinetics. This theoretical framework identifies five key knowledge gaps relating to sex and gender effects in stimulant treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We investigate the stimulant treatment trajectories of girls and women with ADHD from diagnosis and prescription to daily use and outcomes. We examine the impact of reproductive life transitions and hormonal fluctuations and their interactions with gender socialization and gendered expectations on treatment effectiveness, stigma, and adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By synthesizing existing literature, proposing testable predictions, and suggesting future research directions, we highlight the urgent need for studies that systematically investigate these factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addressing these gaps could significantly improve treatment outcomes for girls and women with ADHD, particularly during biological and gender role transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"602-616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Prescription Stimulants on TikTok.","authors":"Benjamin Johnson, Tianze Sun, Leo Wu, Stella Seal, Daniel Stjepanovic, Gary Chan, Janni Leung","doi":"10.1177/10870547251318834","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251318834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TikTok has become a significant influence on public health perceptions, especially regarding ADHD. With its expansive reach among younger demographics, TikTok content has the potential to shape public understanding and behaviors related to ADHD treatment. This study analyzed how prescription stimulants are depicted on TikTok to assess the potential influence of these portrayals on ADHD stimulant medication demand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a snowball sampling strategy to collect 1,000 TikTok videos related to prescription stimulants. A systematic content analysis was conducted on a refined dataset of 548 videos, identifying primary categories related to prescription stimulant portrayals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The videos, which predominantly featured young adults, mainly white and female, amassed an average of over 300,000 views per video. Our analysis uncovered four primary categories: Positive Effects, Negative Effects, Context of Use, and Systemic Challenges. Videos frequently depicted substantial improvements in daily functionality and emotional well-being attributed to prescription stimulants, with side effects presented as manageable. The context of use highlighted the broad applications of these medications in daily life, while systemic challenges focused on issues such as healthcare barriers, medication shortages, and stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TikTok users' portrayal of prescription stimulants were predominantly positive, emphasizing improved lifestyles, which may influence medication demand similar to direct-to-consumer advertising, particularly among young women. The depiction of systemic barriers underscores the complexity of accessing treatment, which may disproportionately affect individuals with ADHD and impact treatment adherence, warranting further research into audience reception of this content.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"617-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Motivation on Sustained Attention in Very Preterm and Term-born Children: An ERP Study.","authors":"Jenny Retzler, Madeleine J Groom, Samantha Johnson, Lucy Cragg","doi":"10.1177/10870547251313888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251313888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effect of motivational features on sustained attention in children born very preterm and at term.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>EEG was recorded while 34 8-to-11-year-old children born very preterm and 34 term-born peers completed two variants of a cued continuous performance task (CPT-AX); a standard CPT-AX with basic shape stimuli, and structurally similar <i>motivating</i> variant, with a storyline, familiar characters, and feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher hit rates, quicker response times and larger event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes were observed during the motivating, compared with the standard, task. Although groups did not differ in task performance, between-task differences in ERPs associated with orienting were larger in term-born than very preterm children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings add to previous evidence of disruption to the brain networks that support salience detection and selective attention in children born preterm. Manipulations that increase intrinsic motivation can promote sustained attention in both term-born and very preterm children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"569-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Child and Parent Characteristics and Parenting Stress in Japanese Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Ricky Haneda, Shizuka Shimabukuro, David Daley, Gail Tripp","doi":"10.1177/10870547251315226","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251315226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience elevated levels of stress in their parenting role. Understanding what contributes to such stress is important for its management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of 6-12-year-old children with ADHD recruited through the community (<i>n</i> = 51) and hospital child psychiatry/pediatric clinics (<i>n</i> = 124). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed the extent to which child symptom severity (ADHD and ODD), parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD symptoms explained variance in both child-domain and parent-domain parenting stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child symptom severity and maternal depression accounted for significant variance in child-domain parenting stress. Child ODD, parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD (clinic sample) explained significant variance in parent-domain parenting stress. Exploratory cross-sectional mediational analyses highlight the inter-relatedness of the associations between parenting-efficacy, maternal depression and parent-domain parenting stress. The association between maternal ADHD and parent-domain parenting stress is statistically fully mediated by maternal depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pattern of associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of children with ADHD are consistent with Abidin's model of parenting stress with implications for clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"554-568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoidant Automatic Thoughts Are Associated With Task Avoidance and Inattention in the Moment: Replication in a Community Sample.","authors":"Laura E Knouse, Yueyi Fan, Aditya Narayanan, William D Ellison","doi":"10.1177/10870547251314924","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251314924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Avoidant automatic thoughts (AAT) are thoughts that precede or accompany a delay in the starting or ending of a task. In a prior study of college students using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), AATs were frequent daily occurrences and participants with more severe ADHD symptoms at baseline reported more frequent AAT. Importantly, momentary presence of AAT was associated with greater task avoidance and inattentive symptoms. In the current study, we replicated and extended this study in a community sample of adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We measured AAT in the daily lives of 106 adults using EMA. Data were collected at baseline and up to five times per day for 6 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using multilevel modeling, we found that baseline ADHD symptoms predicted more frequent AAT and more severe task avoidance and negative emotion in daily life. Recent presence of AAT was associated with inattention, task avoidance, and slightly elevated negative emotion in the moment. More severe baseline ADHD strengthened the relationship between AAT and both inattention and task avoidance. In exploratory analyses, we found that work tasks and household chores were the most avoided activities and that, instead, people were most likely to be doing other work tasks or engaging in screen time or self-care, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study replicates and extends our prior findings regarding AAT in daily life and their relationship to ADHD and supports continued research on this construct, which may have clinical utility for intervening in problematic avoidance behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"529-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Children and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Depression, and Anxiety Levels in Their Parents.","authors":"Zuhal Koc Apaydin, Meryem Kasak, Ozlem Karakaya, Hakan Ogutlu, Mustafa Ugurlu, Fiona McNicholas","doi":"10.1177/10870547251323029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251323029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) symptoms in children/adolescents and their parents within the Turkish population, examining the association with co-occurring ADHD symptoms, peer/social relationships, and total difficulties.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 229 parents aged 18 to 50 with children aged 6 to 18 from the staff of Karabuk Training and Research Hospital. Data collection occurred from April to September 2022. Participants completed various scales, including the Adult Concentration Inventory (ACI), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (CABI-SCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive correlation was found between CDS symptoms in children/adolescents and their parents. CDS symptoms in children were also associated with significant comorbidities, such as ADHD, oppositional defiance, peer problems, and internalization problems. In parents, CDS was observed to be associated with levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the strong relationship between CDS symptoms in children and their parents, suggesting potential genetic and environmental factors. CDS is associated with significant mental health comorbidities across all age groups. The findings underscore the need for interventions to support the mental health of both children and parents with CDS. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact and etiology of CDS on family dynamics and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"503-514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Is My Mind? The Daydreaming Characteristics Questionnaire, a New Tool to Differentiate Absorptive Daydreaming From Mind-Wandering.","authors":"Nitzan Theodor-Katz, Nirit Soffer-Dudek","doi":"10.1177/10870547251319081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251319081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is an impairing condition characterized by addiction to narrative, emotional fantasizing, involving dissociative absorption. By compulsively withdrawing toward vivid imaginative scenarios, MD hinders attentional functioning and replaces social interactions. Previous Interview-based research showed clinical importance in differentiating MD from ADHD and the associated construct of mind-wandering. We aimed to create a self-report tool asking directly about the content and structure of distracting thoughts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two samples, namely, 346 undergraduate students and 381 adults from the general community, completed a novel measure, the Daydreaming Characteristics Questionnaire (DCQ), along with validated measures for ADHD, mind-wandering, MD, dissociation, and general distress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory Factor Analyses on the DCQ, replicated across both samples, yielded two distinct factors (immersive daydreaming and daydream functionality) uniquely associated with MD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DCQ represents characteristics of immersive daydreaming much more than general attentional deficiency and is thus useful in differentiating MD from ADHD/mind-wandering distractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"515-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and Identity Formation: Adolescents' Experiences From the Healthcare System and Peer Relationships.","authors":"Matilda A Frick, Anders Brandt, Sandra Hellund, Jan Grimell","doi":"10.1177/10870547251318484","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251318484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ADHD is often a lifelong condition, and has grown increasingly prevalent over the past few decades. Adolescence is a period characterized by the quest to develop a coherent identity, yet relatively little research has examined the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and identity. The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of experiences of the healthcare system and of peer relationships in the identity formation of adolescents with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was investigated through semi-structured interviews with 10 adolescents (<i>n</i> = 8 females and 2 males) aged 15 to 18 years. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted within a narrative framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed seven main themes indicating that ADHD played a central role in the adolescents' self-narratives: (1) limited effect of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) contact on identity formation, (2) the ADHD concept as meaning-making, (3) heterogeneity of the role of medication on identity formation, (4) negotiation of identity in relation to others, (5) varying degrees of acceptance in different relationships, (6) perceiving oneself as a troublemaker, and (7) relationship difficulties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the diagnosis constituted an important narrative and <i>symptoms</i> of ADHD rather than the <i>label</i> of ADHD tended to be stigmatizing. Furthermore, medication affected identity, and some felt pressured to medicate to adhere to social norms. A common pattern was that adolescents set aside their individual identity in favor of their relational identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"541-553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}