Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research最新文献

{"title":"Regenerative Cardiology: Are We Close to Myocardial Repair?","authors":"Samad Ghaffari, Faezeh Tarighat, Seyedeh-Tarlan Mirzohreh, Neda Roshanravan, Sara Pahlavan","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33939","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy: Policy Options for Health Care Service Decision-Makers.","authors":"Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Leila Doshmangir, Zohreh Alizadeh-Dibazari","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33933","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertensive disorders are a major cause of maternal mortality, and early detection can reduce risks for mothers and infants. Implementing evidence based, context appropriate strategies may improve outcomes. This study aimed to propose policy options to strengthen monitoring and management of hypertension in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study consisted of two phases. First, a scoping review synthesized global strategies for improving hypertension management during pregnancy. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, SID, and Google Scholar without time limits, restricted to English and Persian studies. Based on the findings, policy options were developed. In the second phase, 13 experts evaluated these options across five criteria-population benefit, cost/economics, ethics/equity, feasibility, and constituency acceptance-using a five point Likert scale. The top options were further analyzed for advantages, disadvantages, and implementation needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2,253 identified records, 14 studies informed five policy options: (a) an educational video package on hypertension and preventive self‑care; (b) a maternal mobile application for hypertension management; (c) remote self‑monitoring of blood pressure; (d) a smart multimodal management system; and (e) ambulatory monitoring with Holter devices. Experts ranked the educational video package highest overall and highest for cost/economic, ethics/equity, and feasibility, the mobile application highest for constituency acceptance, and remote blood pressure monitoring highest for population benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating global evidence with expert input yielded three priority policy options: educational video‑based training, a maternal hypertension management app, and remote self‑monitoring of blood pressure. These strategies emphasize empowerment and improved self‑management for pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Cold Hemagglutinin Disease (CHAD) During Cardiac Surgery: An Unexpected Complication from Hypothermia.","authors":"Andrea D'Alessio, Ali Ansaripour, Samail Shahjahan, Joshua Oliver, Charles Chan, Vivek Srivastava","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33536","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 74-year-old male with mild non-specific anaemia underwent elective mitral and tricuspid valve surgery. Following initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), systemic cooling to 34℃ and cardioplegia at 4℃, upon cardiotomy, clumps of blood were noted in the left atrium and left ventricle. ACT was confirmed to be in range, therefore a blood sample from CPB machine was collected and when exposed to ice demonstrated clumps, while they disappeared once at normal temperature. Hence, the patient was rewarmed to 37℃, subsequent cardioplegia doses were delivered warm and the heart chambers were washed out. Mitral and tricuspid valve repair were carried out uneventfully and the patient made an uncomplicated recovery. Positive direct antiglobulin test confirmed CHAD, a form of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia involving IgM autoantibodies against red blood cells triggered by low temperature. The prompt intraoperative identification and subsequent modifications of surgical strategy potentially averted severe embolic and ischemic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"133-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Value of Fibrosis-4 Index with Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure: A Comparison Study with Fibrosis-5 Index.","authors":"Halit Emre Yalvaç, Fatih Enes Durmaz, Bektaş Murat, Selda Murat","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33476","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and fibrosis-5 (FIB-5) indices are non-invasive biomarkers originally developed for hepatic fibrosis but may reflect systemic pathophysiological changes related to adverse cardiovascular prognosis. We aimed to investigate whether baseline FIB-4 and FIB-5 values predict long-term mortality in patients with heart failure (HF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included 593 patients with HF who had available long-term mortality data. FIB-4 and FIB-5 indices were calculated at admission. Patients were followed for all-cause mortality, and outcomes were evaluated at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year intervals. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year mortality rates were 24.6%, 39.0%, and 49.7%, respectively. Non-survivors had significantly higher FIB-4 and FIB-5 values compared with survivors (<i>P</i><0.001 for both). ROC curve analyses demonstrated that both indices had significant predictive performance for long-term mortality. Optimal cut-off values showed good sensitivity and specificity for identifying high-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher FIB-4 and FIB-5 values are associated with greater long-term mortality risk in HF patients. These indices may serve as practical, cost-effective prognostic biomarkers for mortality risk stratification in routine clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship Between Mitral Leaflet Separation Index and Severity of Mitral Valve Stenosis Using Two and Three-Dimensional Measurement Methods in Trans Esophageal Echocardiography.","authors":"Alaaldin Hoshmand, Naser Khezerlouy-Aghdam, Rezvanieh Salehi, Somayeh Abolhasani, Elnaz Javanshir","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33359","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiologists use several echocardiographic methods to evaluate the Mitral Stenosis (MS) severity. Determination of mitral valve area (MVA) by three- dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) planimetry has the best correlation with anatomic area of the mitral orifice and is probably the reference method. This study was designed to examine the relationship between mitral leaflet separation index (MLSI) measured by TEE which is a simple and accessible method and MVA calculated by 3D Multiplanar reconstruction (3D-MPR) planimetry in TEE as the reference but less accessible method for evaluation the MLSI accuracy in prediction of the severity of MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>72 patients with MS were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were suboptimal echocardiographic images, severe mitral valve calcification, artificial heart valves, a history of mitral valve repair surgery, or contraindications to TEE. After obtaining written informed consents from all patients. Comprehensive TTE and TEE were performed and MLSI by 2D TTE and 2D TEE and MVA by 3D MPR planimetry were assessed. SPSS version 25 was used for performing the analysis and a <i>P</i>-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the patients was 57.81±12.22 and of the patients were female. There was a significant correlation between MVA by 3D MPR and MLSI 2D TTE (r=0.94, <i>P</i><0.01) and MLSI 2D TEE (r=0.96, <i>P</i><0.01) methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MLSI 2D TTE and MLSI 2D TEE are positively correlated to MVA measured by 3D MPR planimetry and MLSI can be useful in discriminating different grades of MS severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting the Heart-Brain Link: Practical Directions for AI in Cardiac Rehabilitation.","authors":"Rehman Bashir, Maheen Imran, Sheza Batool","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33770","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Empagliflozin on mRNA Levels of Cardiotrophin-1 and GDF-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing PCI: A Double-Blind Pilot Trial.","authors":"Reza Rastgoo, Mahnaz Yousefi Ramandi, Fereshteh Ebrahimi, Reza Madadi, Hamid Khederlou, Ali Ramazani","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33675","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the proven cardiovascular benefits of Empagliflozin (EM), we aimed to investigate the effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiotrophin-1 (CTF-1) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) expressions in circulating monocytes in type 2 diabetic patients after MI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included 33 patients referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan between 5 of September to 25 of December, 2024. Eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and MI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned (17:16) to receive either 10 mg of EMPA daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Target genes expression levels were quantified by real time PCR, and data were analyzed by SPSS version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three patients were included in this study (mean age: 61.27±9.07, 66% male), mean diabetes duration was longer in intervention group (7.82±5.13) compared to placebo group (3.75±2.74), hypertension was the most common comorbidity (57%). CTF-1 expression in the intervention group was 0.3±0.28 and in placebo group was 5.66±6.52. GDF-15 expression in the intervention group was 0.198±0.22 and in placebo group was 1.66±1.04. EMPA significantly reduced expression of CTF-1 (13-fold) (<i>P</i>=0.003) and GDF-15 (7-fold) (<i>P</i> ˂ 0.0001). The CTF-1 and GDF-15 expression reduction were not associated with any other clinical variables. Significant reduction observed in LDL (<i>P</i>=0.045) and triglycerides (<i>P</i>=0.013) after intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EMPA significantly reduced the expression of CTF-1 and GDF-15 in type 2 diabetic, post MI patients, which are associated with atherosclerosis, and suggest that potential anti-atherosclerotic effect of EMPA mediated through modulation of GDF-15 and CTF-1 gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Headaches Induced by Intravenous Nitroglycerin Infusion: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Fatemeh Ahmadi, Masoumeh Bagheri Nesami, Mobina Abedinpour","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33617","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting vasodilator commonly used as a first-line agent for the treatment of angina. Some patients receiving intravenous nitroglycerin infusion experience headaches as a side effect. Pain management is a critical priority for these patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on headaches induced by nitroglycerin infusion. This systematic review was conducted by searching the databases of SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Civilica, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, World Health Organization (WHO) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Google Scholar using the keywords \"Nitroglycerin\", \"Glyceryl trinitrate\", \"Headache\", \"Cephalgia\", \"Cephalodynia\", \"Interventions\" and \"Infusion\". After removing duplicates, studies were first screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was then assessed. Finally, a total of 13 studies were entered into the systematic review. The total number of participants in all studies included in the review was 566 individuals aged 18 years and older. Eight studies (61.5%) addressed pharmacological interventions, and five studies (38.5%) addressed non-pharmacological interventions. The review of studies indicated that the use of cold compresses on the forehead, lavender essential oil aromatherapy, foot reflexology, sodium valproate, sumatriptan, and prednisone have proven to be effective treatments for headaches induced by nitroglycerin infusion; their use is recommended in the order mentioned for alleviating nitroglycerin-induced headaches. The use of cold compresses on the forehead, lavender essential oil aromatherapy, foot reflexology, sodium valproate, sumatriptan, and prednisone positively impacted the reduction of headaches induced by nitroglycerin infusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated Left Innominate Artery with a Right Arch and Bilateral Patent Arterial Ducts in a Patient with 22q11 Microdeletion: Report of a Rare Case.","authors":"Haytham Bou Hussein, Rim Salameh, Rana Zareef, Issam El Rassi, Fadi Bitar, Ziad Bulbul","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33194","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated left innominate artery with right-sided aortic arch and bilateral patent ducts is a rare congenital abnormality. It has been described in association with various intracardiac lesions. In this report we describe the clinical presentation, investigations, and surgical management of a very peculiar case of a 4-year-old female with isolated left brachiocephalic trunk and bilateral patent arterial ducts without associated congenital heart defect, in the setting of 22q11 microdeletion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"136-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Concurrent Carotid Endarterectomy with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Improve Outcomes in Patients with Dual Arterial Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kristine Santos, Giovanna Macanhã Scremin, Neel Patel, Amal Zakani, Mihaela Ioana Mariș, Tomasz Płonek","doi":"10.34172/jcvtr.33605","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jcvtr.33605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with coexisting carotid and coronary artery disease face a complex surgical decision regarding whether to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone or combined with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Evidence remains conflicting, with some studies suggesting stroke reduction from a combined approach while others report increased perioperative morbidity without a survival advantage, contributing to weak ACCF/AHA and ESC/EACTS guideline recommendations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and propensity-matched studies comparing CABG alone versus CABG+CEA. Five studies involving 23,916 patients were included, of whom 29% underwent combined surgery. CABG+CEA was associated with a significantly higher incidence of perioperative stroke (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0; <i>P</i>=0.03), but no significant differences were observed in 30-day mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, or hospital length of stay. These findings indicate that adding CEA to CABG increases stroke risk without providing a clear survival benefit, supporting guideline recommendations for a selective, risk-based strategy. Until higher-quality evidence becomes available, concurrent CEA+CABG should be reserved for carefully selected patients in whom the anticipated benefits outweigh potential harms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}