{"title":"Development of a unique tissue-engineered in vitro vascular model with endothelial layer-inverted vascular tissue structure using a cell self-aggregation technique","authors":"Shingo Hashimoto , Akihiko Sugiyama , Tomoyuki Ota , Hiroshi Matsumoto , Yoshihiro Kimata , Ryosuke Iwai","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular-like tissues composed of cells maintaining their shape and structure at any position in a culture dish without the use of gels or other artificial materials are ideal vascular models to test the effects of candidate drugs on cells without adsorption by artificial materials and analysis of structural changes over time. In this study, we aimed to prepare fiber-shaped cell aggregates composed of human umbilical vein endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells as vascular pericytes anchored to the bottom of culture dishes at a defined location using our developed cell self-aggregation technique and dumbbell-shaped culture groove. The fiber-shaped cell aggregates maintained their shape for at least two weeks without rupture, and histological analysis revealed that they formed a unique tissue structure with a gapless endothelial layer on the outer surface and capillary-like structures oriented in the same direction as the long axis of the fiber in the medial side. Moreover, exposure to cadmium chloride, a vascular toxicant, elicited toxic responses in vascular endothelialized fiber-shaped tissues, with only their outer endothelial layer being disintegrated but their fiber shape remaining intact. Overall, our results suggest the developed vascular endothelialized fiber-shaped tissue construct as potential models for vascular toxicity testing, facilitating the evaluation of toxicity over time without any effects of gel adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"139 3","pages":"Pages 226-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial removal using liposomes and an anionic adsorber","authors":"Yohei Noda , Tomohiro Noguchi , Takashi Nagano , Wataru Aoki , Mitsuyoshi Ueda","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracorporeal blood purification techniques using magnetic beads, which physically remove bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cytokines (disease agents) from the blood causing sepsis, have been studied. However, magnetic bead influx, which causes hemolysis and cytotoxicity, is an important issue. This study proposed a novel method for removing <em>Escherichia coli</em> from the blood using liposomes with high biocompatibility. To realize this method, a pegylated cationic liposome conjugated with antibodies (PCLA) that can simultaneously adsorb disease agents with the conjugated liposome antibodies and adhere to electrostatic absorbers was developed. <em>E. coli</em> was successfully adsorbed by PCLA in phosphate-buffered saline and electrostatically removed with a high removal efficiency of the antigen–antibody reaction (approximately 100 %). The removal efficiency of the antigen–antibody reaction in filtered bovine blood was approximately 50 %, demonstrating <em>E. coli</em> removal in the blood using the same method. Results suggested that this method can remove various disease agents from the blood by changing the antibody type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"139 3","pages":"Pages 249-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic analysis reveals the contribution of mechanosensitive channel MscM to extracellular release of glutamate in glycogen-deficient Synechococcus elongatus","authors":"Yuichi Kato , Kouhei Kamasaka , Mami Matsuda , Hiroko Koizumi , Ryudo Ohbayashi , Hiroki Ashida , Akihiko Kondo , Tomohisa Hasunuma","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bacteria, mechanosensitive channels mediate extracellular release of osmolytes, including glutamate, functioning as safety valves upon osmotic downshift. In cyanobacteria, the role of mechanosensitive channels has not been completely elucidated. Recently, the glycogen-deficient Δ<em>glgC</em> mutant of <em>Synechococcus elongatus</em> PCC 7942 was found to release glutamate extracellularly, giving rise to a hypothesis that the role of mechanosensitive channels in cyanobacteria is conserved. Using the Δ<em>glgC</em> mutant as the model, the present study aimed to examine whether the putative mechanosensitive channel protein MscM mediates the extracellular release of glutamate. Compared to the Δ<em>glgC</em> mutant, the Δ<em>glgC</em> Δ<em>mscM</em> mutant was found to release less glutamate and aspartate extracellularly. In addition, intracellular levels of these amino acids were significantly higher in the Δ<em>glgC</em> Δ<em>mscM</em> mutant than in the Δ<em>glgC</em> mutant. These results suggested that MscM mediates the extracellular release of glutamate and aspartate in glycogen-deficient cyanobacteria. Furthermore, the Δ<em>glgC</em> Δ<em>mscM</em> mutant exhibited more elongated cell shapes compared to the wild type and Δ<em>glgC</em> single mutant, suggesting that the deletion of the <em>mscM</em> gene intensified turgor pressure and/or that MscM is involved in cell division. Through metabolic analysis, the present study revealed that mechanosensitive channel MscM in cyanobacteria is involved in the extracellular release of amino acids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"139 3","pages":"Pages 187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Ren, Kyle Jackson, Caleb Don Barton, Yu Huang, Jixun Zhan
{"title":"Specific hydroxylation and glucuronidation of 2′-hydroxyflavanone by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NRRL B-2569","authors":"Jie Ren, Kyle Jackson, Caleb Don Barton, Yu Huang, Jixun Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavonoids constitute a class of natural compounds with varied bioactivities. Nevertheless, the potential health benefits of flavonoids for humans are often compromised by their low water solubility and limited bioavailability. In this study, four derivatives, namely 2′,5′-dihydroxyflavanone (<strong>2</strong>), 5′-dihydroxyflavone-2′-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-glucuronide (<strong>3</strong>), and two isomers of hydroxyflavanone-2′-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-glucuronide (<strong>4</strong> and <strong>5</strong>), were biosynthesized from substrate 2′-hydroxyflavanone (<strong>1</strong>) through the specific hydroxylation and glucuronidation using <em>Streptomyces coeruleorubidus</em> NRRL B-2569. Product <strong>2</strong> was identified as a known compound while products <strong>3</strong>–<strong>5</strong> were structurally characterized as new structures through extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The water solubility of obtained products <strong>3</strong>–<strong>5</strong> were enhanced by 36–340 times compared to the substrate. Moreover, the antioxidant assay revealed that product <strong>3</strong> exhibited improved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to the substrate, decreasing the logIC<sub>50</sub> from 10.77 ± 0.05 μM to 9.55 ± 0.05 μM. Compound <strong>3</strong> also displayed significantly higher anticancer activity than the substrate 2′-hydroxyflavanone against Glioblastoma 33 cancer stem cells (GSC33), decreasing the IC<sub>50</sub> from 25.05 μM to 7.07 μM. Thus, <em>S. coeruleorubidus</em> NRRL B-2569 stands out as an effective tool for modifying flavonoids, thereby enhancing their water solubility and bioactivities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"139 3","pages":"Pages 172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of bacteriophage propagation in high-yield continuous culture (cellstat) meeting the constraints of industrial manufacturing processes","authors":"Céleste Caffin , Lhéa Milhamont , Eva Duriez , Agathe Hembert , Pauline Huzet , Camille Lerouge , Marie Deblieck , Denis Watier","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing use of bacteriophages in the fields of agriculture, agri-food, veterinary treatments, and medicine involves the quantitative production of these bacteriophages. In this study, we propose a bacteriophage production protocol that can easily be transposed to industry. We used a cellstat production system because the latest studies have shown that it is the most suitable process for the production of phages due to volumetric productivity, safety (limitation of co-evolution), and flexibility (choice of growth rate criteria). Sizing of the assembly used makes it possible to extrapolate the results to industrial production. The production conditions are indicated precisely, which would allow manufacturers to adapt the protocol to their own equipment. We propose experimental conditions in order to obtain a stable <em>Escherichia coli</em> population, qualitatively and over time, and production of high-titer T7 bacteriophages. The optimized production conditions (yield, cost and simplicity of the process) are: a buffered peptone water medium concentration of 11 g L<sup>−1</sup> and a dilution rate of 1.6 h<sup>−1</sup>. Under these conditions, we obtained a production of 7.35×10<sup>16</sup> plaque-forming units (PFU) L<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> with a concentration of 9.8×10<sup>12</sup> PFU mL<sup>−1</sup>. The strength of this work lies in its focus on industrial applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 6","pages":"Pages 507-514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Della Rahmawati , Mary Faith Yamballa Adan , Muhammad Maulana Malikul Ikram , Marvin Nathanael Iman , Eiichiro Fukusaki , Sastia Prama Putri
{"title":"Effect of sodium metabisulfite treatment and storage condition on metabolic profile of young coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)","authors":"Della Rahmawati , Mary Faith Yamballa Adan , Muhammad Maulana Malikul Ikram , Marvin Nathanael Iman , Eiichiro Fukusaki , Sastia Prama Putri","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young coconuts (<em>Cocos nucifera</em> L.) used for export are trimmed to reduce their size and weight to lower transport costs. However, trimmed coconuts have a shorter shelf life due to microbial spoilage and surface discoloration caused by enzymatic browning. To minimize these effects, trimmed coconuts were dipped in an anti-browning agent, sodium metabisulfite (SMB), and stored under ambient conditions. However, there have been no reports on the effects of SMB treatment on metabolome changes in the flesh and water of young coconuts. Hence, this study investigated the metabolite changes in trimmed young coconuts after SMB treatment under different storage conditions using a gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomic profiling approach. Tall young coconut samples were trimmed and treated with a 2% SMB solution for 5 min before storage at 25 °C or 4 °C for 2–4 weeks. Coconut flesh and water samples were collected after storage for 0, 2, and 4 weeks, and were subjected to GC–MS analysis. The results showed that the major metabolites affected by coconut deterioration were amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols. SMB treatment and/or refrigeration can help prevent metabolite changes in the flesh and water of young coconuts. In the future, improvements in storage conditions based on metabolite profiles should be explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 6","pages":"Pages 515-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryota Goto , Shinji Sakai , Cédric Delattre , Emmanuel Petit , Redouan El Boutachfaiti , Masaki Nakahata
{"title":"Enzymatically cross-linkable sulfated bacterial polyglucuronic acid as an affinity-based carrier of FGF-2 for therapeutic angiogenesis","authors":"Ryota Goto , Shinji Sakai , Cédric Delattre , Emmanuel Petit , Redouan El Boutachfaiti , Masaki Nakahata","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a critical protein for biological processes such as angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Recently, hydrogels based on semi-synthetic sulfated polysaccharides have been developed for the controlled delivery of FGF-2. These affinity-based FGF-2 carriers utilizing hydrogels based on sulfated polysaccharides enable sustained delivery of FGF-2, yet choice of materials is limited. Here, we demonstrate a novel synthetic sulfated polysaccharide-based hydrogel based on bacterial polyglucuronic acid (PGU). We synthesized phenol-grafted sulfated PGU (PGUS-Ph), an enzymatically cross-linkable PGU derivative that exhibited an enhanced affinity for FGF-2. The aqueous solution of PGUS-Ph, when combined with FGF-2, could be injected into affected sites and form a hydrogel in a minimally invasive manner. The FGF-2 released from the PGUS-Ph hydrogel induced blood vessel formation, as proven by a chick embryo-based angiogenesis assay. Our results indicate that the PGUS-Ph has the potential as an enzymatically cross-linkable and minimally invasively injectable affinity-based FGF-2 delivery system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 6","pages":"Pages 541-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elucidation of d-allulose recognition mechanism in ketose 3-epimerase","authors":"Masahiro Watanabe , Yusuke Nakamichi , Shohei Mine","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>d</span>-Allulose is a low-calorie sweetener with multiple nutritional functions that can be produced through <span>d</span>-fructose isomerization by ketose 3-epimerase (KEase). <span>l</span>-Ribulose 3-epimerase from <em>Arthrobacter</em> <em>globiformis</em> (AgLRE) is one of the most important enzymes that produce <span>d</span>-allulose; however, its substrate recognition mechanism is unknown. In this study, the crystal structures of AgLRE and its complex with <span>d</span>-allulose and <span>d</span>-fructose were determined. Upon substrate binding, the hydrophobic residues around the active-site entrance move toward the bound substrate. A comparison of AgLRE and other KEase structures revealed that the substrate-binding residues are not the main factors responsible for its marked specificity for <span>d</span>-allulose and <span>d</span>-fructose, but the hydrophobicity of the active site pocket influences substrate recognition. Particularly, the two hydrophobic regions at the active site entrance are the regulatory elements that modulate substrate recognition by AgLRE. This study provides useful information for designing AgLRE to increase its affinity for <span>d</span>-allulose and <span>d</span>-fructose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 6","pages":"Pages 488-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid one-pot human single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping platform with Cas13a nuclease","authors":"Rui Lei , Xi-Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as one of the key components of the genetic factors, is important for disease detection and early screening of hereditary diseases. Current SNP genotyping methods require laboratory instruments or long operating times. To facilitate the diagnosis of hereditary diseases, we developed a new method referred to as the LwaCas13a-based SNP genotyping platform (Cas13a platform), which is useful for detecting disease-related SNPs. We report a CRISPR/Cas13a-based SNP genotyping platform that couples recombinase-aided amplification (RAA), T7 transcription, and <em>Leptotrichia wadei</em> Cas13a (LwaCas13a) detection for simple and fast genotyping of human disease-related SNPs. We used this Cas13a platform to identify 17 disease-related SNPs, demonstrating that position 2 in gRNA is suitable for the introduction of additional mismatches to achieve high discrimination in genotyping across a wide range of SNP targets. The discrimination specificity of 17 SNPs was improved 3.0–35.1-fold after introducing additional mismatches at position 2 from the 5′-end. We developed a method, which has a lower risk of cross-contamination and operational complexity, for genotyping SNPs using human saliva samples in an one-pot testing that delivers results within 60 min. Compared to TaqMan probe qPCR, RFLP, AS-PCR and other SNP genotyping methods, the Cas13a platform is simple, rapid and reliable, expanding the applications of the CRISPR/Cas system in nucleic acid detection and SNP genotyping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 6","pages":"Pages 469-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of the microbiome and volatile organic compounds during fermentation and aging of soy sauce","authors":"Yuichi Mizuno , Takashi Yoshimura , Kazutaka Sawada , Keisuke Tsuge , Yukio Nagano , Yumiko Yoshizaki , Masatoshi Goto , Genta Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive analysis of the microbiome and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the <em>moromi</em> of soy sauce during fermentation and aging was conducted under industrial production. Microbiome analysis using next-generation sequencing revealed the presence and dynamics of microorganisms other than <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Tetragenococcus</em>, <em>Zygosaccharomyces</em>, and <em>Wickerhamiella</em>, which were used as starters. The bacterial community of the <em>moromi</em> on the first day of this process was rich in diversity. <em>Staphylococcus</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Kurthia</em>, <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Macrococcus</em> that grew during <em>koji</em> making were relatively dominant. However, as the fermentation progressed, only <em>Tetragenococcus</em> became dominant in the bacterial communities. In contrast, the fungal community was simple at the beginning of fermentation and aging, with <em>Aspergillus</em> present almost exclusively. After adding <em>Zygosaccharomyces rouxii</em> on day 42, the fungal community changed significantly. At the end of fermentation and aging, the fungal community diversified, with <em>Millerozyma</em>, <em>Wickerhamiella</em>, <em>Yamadazyma</em>, and <em>Saccharomycopsis</em> becoming dominant. The analysis of VOC showed that the VOC profile changed during fermentation and aging, and that the VOC profile changed significantly after adding <em>Z. rouxii</em>. The correlation analysis between the microbiome and VOC showed that <em>Wickerhamiella</em>, <em>Millerozyma</em>, <em>Debaryomyces</em>, <em>Yamadazyma</em>, and <em>Candida</em> had a significant positive correlation with alcohols, esters, and phenols produced in the later stage of fermentation and aging, indicating that not only <em>Z. rouxii</em> but also various fungi may contribute to the formation of the complex aroma profile of soy sauce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 6","pages":"Pages 522-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}