{"title":"Isolation and characterization of koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) from nature in Niigata","authors":"Kanae Sakai , Keigo Sato , Mitsuoki Kaneoke , Ken-Ichi Kusumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Koji mold (<em>Aspergillus oryzae</em>) is a key microorganism in brewing and fermentation in Japan. We isolated koji molds from the environment in Niigata Prefecture. Eighty-one environmental samples were placed on isolation medium made from steamed rice with wood ash and 36 <em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Flavi</em>-like strains were obtained. Of those, 26 strains did not produce aflatoxin. We studied their morphology, sequence of ITS region, calmodulin gene, aflatoxin biosynthetic homologous gene cluster and α-amylase gene and fermentation-related enzyme activities. Furthermore, DNA-seq analysis of 14 strains from 26 non-aflatoxin producing strains were conducted and compared the three mycotoxin biosynthetic gene clusters (aflatoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, and aflatrem) and fermentation-related genes against those of reference strain <em>A. oryzae</em> RIB40. In some strains, gene sequences confirmed the absence of mycotoxin production, but differences in fermentation-related enzyme activities could not be explained well by amino acid substitutions. We classified the 26 isolates into 6 morphology types based on the appearance of colonies and mating types, and it was found that strains of the same morphology type had similar enzymatic profiles and gene sequences. Our results show that koji molds with various properties occur in the environment, and it will expand the possibilities of koji mold in industrial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 415-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nattapong Thakham, Po-Hang Huang, Kai-Yuan Li, Sung-Chyr Lin
{"title":"Effect of delignification on the adsorption of loofah sponge-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography adsorbent for His-tagged trehalose synthase","authors":"Nattapong Thakham, Po-Hang Huang, Kai-Yuan Li, Sung-Chyr Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of delignification on the adsorption capacity of loofah sponge-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography adsorbents was investigated with recombinant His-tagged trehalose synthase as the model protein. Pretreatments with [EMIM][Ac] ionic liquid at 80 °C for 5 h and with sodium chlorite/acetic acid at 80 °C for 2 h were found effective for the removal of lignin, leading to a loss in biomass of 15.7% and 25.2%, respectively. Upon delignification, the metal chelating capacities of the loofah sponge-based adsorbents prepared with 5-h ionic liquid pretreatment (712 ± 82 μmole Cu(II)/g) and with 2-h sodium chlorite/acetic acid pretreatment (1012 ± 18 μmole Cu(II)/g) were 38% and 97% higher than that of the control (514 ± 55 μmole Cu(II)/g), adsorbent prepared with untreated loofah sponge, respectively. Results of protein adsorption study indicated that the Co(II)-loaded adsorbent prepared with 2-h sodium chlorite/acetic acid pretreatment exhibited the highest adsorption capacity and selectivity for the recombinant His-tagged trehalose synthase, giving a purification product with a specific activity of 7.62 U/mg protein. The predicted maximum adsorption capacity of the delignified loofah sponge-based adsorbent, 2.04 ± 0.14 mg/g, was 73% higher than that of the control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 445-451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell-free bilayer functionalized scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering","authors":"Seyedeh Mahsa Khatami , Hana Hanaee-Ahvaz , Kazem Parivar , Masoud Soleimani , Shabnam Abedin Dargoush , Alireza Naderi Sohi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteochondral tissue engineering using layered scaffolds is a promising approach for treating osteochondral defects as an alternative to microfracture procedure, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and cartilage-bone grafting. The team previously investigated the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on a polycaprolactone (PCL)/acetylated hyaluronic acid scaffold. The present study first focused on fabricating a novel osteoconductive scaffold utilizing bismuth-nanohydroxyapatite/reduced graphene oxide (Bi-nHAp/rGO) nanocomposite and electrospun PCL. The osteoconductive ability of the scaffold was investigated by evaluating the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the osteogenic genes expression in the adipose-derived MSCs. The expression of Runx2, collagen I, ALP, and osteocalcin as well as the result of ALP activity indicated the osteoconductive potential of the Bi-nHA-rGO/PCL scaffold. In the next step, a bilayer scaffold containing Bi-nHAp/rGO/PCL as an osteogenic layer and acetylated hyaluronic acid/PCL as a chondrogenic layer was prepared by the electrospinning technique and transplanted into osteochondral defects of rats. The chondrogenic and osteogenic markers corresponding to the surrounding tissues of the transplanted scaffold were surveyed 60 days later by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry methods. The results showed increased chondrogenic (Sox9 and collagen II) and osteogenic (osteocalcin and ALP) gene expression and augmented secretion of collagens II and X after transplantation. The results strongly support the efficacy of this constructed cell-free bilayer scaffold to induce osteochondral defect regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 452-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation of rabbit single-chain variable fragments with different physicochemical and biological properties by complementary determining region-grafting technology","authors":"Ngoc Minh Nguyen , Kiichi Nakao , Ryo Kobayashi, Haruka Taniguchi, Fuki Yokoyama, Jun-ichi Horiuchi, Yoichi Kumada","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we have demonstrated a complementary-determining region (CDR) grafting technology for the generation of rabbit scFvs with different antigen recognition and physicochemical properties. The antigen-binding affinity of the CDR-grafted anti-CRP scFv, C1R/B1R (V1), which was generated by the CDR/framework region (CDR/FR) definition based on the traditional numbering rule, was insufficient when compared to that of the original clone, C1R, suggesting that the amino acid residues outside the original CDRs might significantly contribute to antigen recognition in rabbit scFvs. We redefined new CDRs and FRs to maintain antigen-binding affinities through the extension of multiple amino acid residues for CDRH1 and CDRH2, based on the amino acid sequence alignments of rabbit scFvs isolated from phage libraries. The new version successfully maintained the antigen binding affinity. CDR-grafted scFvs possessing a common CDR sequence and different FR sequences were successfully generated based on this new CDR/FR definition, and their physicochemical properties were further investigated. The antigen-binding activities of rabbit scFvs on Maxisorp varied between the tested clones in sandwich ELISA, supporting the idea that the combination of <span>CDR</span> with different FRs might change the physicochemical properties of scFvs on a solid material. The CDR-grafted scFvs possessing a frame sequence of anti-CRP scFv C2R maintained the ability to bind to protein L and were successfully purified. Expression titers showed improved solubility by diminishing the amount of insoluble scFvs. Thus, the method developed in this study is promising for generating alternatives with strict antigen binding recognition and different physicochemical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 439-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct catalytic oxidation of rice husk lignin with hydroxide nanorod-modified copper foam and muconate production by engineered Pseudomonas sp. NGC7","authors":"Akihiro Yoshida , Irwan Kurnia , Yudai Higuchi , Yuta Osaka , Chieko Yasuta , Chiho Sakamoto , Mina Tamura , Tsubasa Takamatsu , Naofumi Kamimura , Eiji Masai , Tomonori Sonoki","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the direct alkaline oxidation of rice husk lignin, we developed a copper foam-based heterogeneous catalyst that offers advantages in its recovery after the reaction mixture. The depolymerized products were utilized for muconate production by an engineered <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. NGC7-based strain. A hydroxide nanorod-modified copper foam was prepared by the surface oxidation of copper foam, followed by alkaline oxidation of rice husk lignin over the catalyst. The catalyst was easily separated from the cellulosic residues in the reaction mixture, and the residues were then recovered by filtration. The resulting lignin stream was composed of a variety of aromatic monomers containing <em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl compounds. The catabolic activity of <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. NGC7 was demonstrated to be more suitable for muconate production from a mixture comprising 4-hydroxybenzoate (a typical <em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl compound), vanillate (a guaiacyl compound), and syringate (a syringyl compound), owing to its natural ability to grow on syringate. Thus, it was applied to produce muconate from a rice husk lignin stream prepared through hydroxide nanorod-modified copper foam-catalyzed alkaline oxidation by conferring the genes responsible for converting the acetophenone derivatives to their corresponding aromatic acids and protocatechuate decarboxylase to an NGC7-based strain deficient in protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and muconate cycloisomerase. As a result, the engineered NGC7-based muconate-producing strain produced muconate selectively from the rice husk lignin stream at 93.7 mol% yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 431-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogen-producing conditions and mutation mechanisms of a highly efficient mutant strain Ethanoligenens harbinense YR-3","authors":"Guoxiang Zheng , Dongxu Tao , Nanqi Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the optimal hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production conditions of the high-efficiency H<sub>2</sub>-producing mutant strain <em>Ethanoligenens harbinense</em> YR-3 (carbon-nitrogen ratio 5.5, phosphate buffer 80 mM, initial pH 6.0, biotin 1.4 mg/L) are obtained by intermittent experiments. The maximum specific H<sub>2</sub> production rate of YR-3 (2.85 mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol glucose) was 1.4 times that of the wild strain ZGX4 (2.04 mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol glucose). The liquid-phase products are mainly ethanol and acetic acid, indicating that the metabolic pathway has not changed. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to compare and analyze the protein map differences between YR-3 and ZGX4. The results show that 1,6-fructose diphosphate aldolase and the flavoprotein in hydrogenase are highly expressed. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic modification of high-efficiency H<sub>2</sub>-producing strains and the improvement of H<sub>2</sub> production capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 399-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Removal of undesirable genes using yeast backcrossing","authors":"Nobuo Fukuda, Mio Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>4-Vinylguaiacol (4-VG) is one of the causative compounds for the phenolic odor characteristics of brewed liquor. In the case of Japanese sake brewing, 4-VG is formed through the decarboxylation of ferulic acid produced by rice <em>koji</em> enzymes from steamed rice. <em>PAD1</em> (phenylacrylic acid decarborxylase gene) and <em>FDC1</em> (ferulic acid decarboxylase gene) genes are essential for decarboxylation of ferulic acid in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> and the single polymorphisms of both genes show a relationship with ferulic acid decarboxylation ability. While most of the Kyokai yeasts distributed by the Brewing Society of Japan have homozygous non-function <em>fdc1</em> alleles, many newly isolated natural yeasts for local specialities carry the wild-type <em>FDC1</em> gene. In our previous research, we found that a crossbreed strain lost a significant amount of chromosomal DNA as it underwent meiosis-like adaptation. Here, we established a breeding approach to exclude undesirable gene alleles (such as the wild-type <em>FDC1</em> genes) from yeast strains of interest by backcrossing using Kyokai yeasts. Homozygous <em>fdc1</em> crossbreeds were generated through the three rounds of crossing procedures, and we confirmed the reduction of 4-VG in the culture supernatant of the homozygous <em>fdc1</em> hybrid strain compared to the parental strain. Importantly, this approach does not include growth selection for the mutation of interest (the <em>fdc1</em> mutant in the current case). Using various yeast strains generated throughout human history, it may become possible to design and build any yeast strains according to the purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 369-374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue You, Xiao Song, Yinna Wu, Mengqi Han, Wenbin Liu
{"title":"Biomimetic conjugation inspired from pheomelanin via thiol–quinone addition for enzymatic functionalization of fibroin","authors":"Xue You, Xiao Song, Yinna Wu, Mengqi Han, Wenbin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibroin has been extensively applied in the medicine, therapy, cosmetic, and food fields. Functional modification is a common route way to expand the application potential. Tyrosinase is versatile for enzymatic functionalization of fibroin by oxidizing tyrosine residues into dopaquinone. However, grafting of functional molecules to the protein-bound dopaquinone suffers from self-crosslinking due to competitive aryl coupling or addition with other nucleophile in protein. Herein, bioinspired from pheomelanin synthesis, a new approach with superior grafting efficiency and reaction rate for enzymatic grafting of protein was developed. The high reactivity of Michael addition between thiol and dopaquinone was utilized to promote the efficiency for grafting of PEG onto fibroin. The grafting of PEG with thiol group was superior to that with amine group. It demonstrated a superior efficacy for thiol group over amino group on enzymatic functionalization. This research firstly established an effective biomimetic approach for enzymatic functionalization of protein without the unexpected self-crosslinking. It could emerged to serve as the strategy of protein functionalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 382-390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combinational manipulation of transcription factors, CreA and ClbR, is a viable strategy to improve cellulolytic enzyme production in Aspergillus aculeatus","authors":"Shuji Tani , Shinya Hirose , Takashi Kawaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of cellulolytic enzymes in response to inducible carbon sources is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level in filamentous fungi. We have identified a cellobiose-response regulator (ClbR) controlling the expression of cellulolytic enzyme-encoding genes in <em>Aspergillus aculeatus</em>. However, the engineering potential of combining the deletion of transcriptional repressors with the overexpression of transcriptional activators to enhance enzyme production has not been analyzed. Here, we investigated the effect of the deletion of the transcriptional repressor <em>creA</em> and the overexpression of the transcriptional activator <em>clbR</em> in enzyme production in <em>A. aculeatus</em>. Here, we verified that a combination of <em>creA</em> deletion and <em>clbR</em> overexpression (Δc&OE) improved cellulase, β-1,4-xylanase, and β-glucosidase production. Cellulase and β-1,4-xylanase production increased 3.4- and 8.0-fold in Δc&OE compared with the host strain (MR12) at 96-h incubation, respectively. β-Glucosidase production in Δ<em>creA</em> and Δc&OE increased approximately 5.0-fold compared with that in MR12 at 240-h incubation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the increase in enzyme production was due to increased expression of cellobiohydrolase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase, β-1,4-xylanase, and β-glucosidase 1 (<em>bgl1</em>). Interestingly, <em>bgl1</em> expression in Δ<em>creA</em> increased in a dose-dependent manner in response to glucose. Thus, combinational manipulation of transcription factors improved cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase production in <em>A. aculeatus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 361-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing-Ming Zhao , Jun-Ying Liu , Heng-Chi Liu, Zhi-Zhi Yang, Han Zhao, Yang-Chun Yong
{"title":"Individual cell modification with cell surface specific atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced Cr(VI) removal","authors":"Xing-Ming Zhao , Jun-Ying Liu , Heng-Chi Liu, Zhi-Zhi Yang, Han Zhao, Yang-Chun Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modifying cells with polymers on the surface can enable them to gain or enhance function with various applications, wherein the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has garnered significant potential due to its biocompatibility. However, specifically initiating ATRP from the cell surface for in-situ modification remains challenging. This study established a bacterial surface-initiated ATRP method and further applied it for enhanced Cr(VI) removal. The cell surface specificity was facilely achieved by cell surface labelling with azide substrates, following alkynyl ATRP initiator specifically anchoring with azide–alkyne click chemistry. Then, the ATRP polymerization was initiated from the cell surface, and different polymers were successfully applied to in-situ modification. Further analysis revealed that the modification of <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> with poly (4-vinyl pyridine) and sodium polymethacrylate improved the heavy metal tolerance and enhanced the Cr(VI) removal rate of 2.6 times from 0.088 h<sup>−1</sup> to 0.314 h<sup>−1</sup>. This work provided a novel idea for bacterial surface modification and would extend the application of ATRP in bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15199,"journal":{"name":"Journal of bioscience and bioengineering","volume":"138 5","pages":"Pages 423-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}