Journal of biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Jump-specific mechanical load and perceived exertion during collegiate dance training","authors":"Morgan A. Lamarre,&nbsp;Erica L. King,&nbsp;Margaret T. Jones,&nbsp;Samuel A. Acuña","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jumping is a primary contributor to mechanical loading in collegiate dance training, yet objective, style-specific indicators of training load remain poorly defined. This study examined how jump-related external and internal training loads behave during real-world dance classes by evaluating repeated measures of jump landing impact, jump height, and perceived exertion. Eighteen female collegiate dancers completed three standardized ballet and modern dance classes while wearing waist-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs). Jump landing impact and jump height were recorded across eleven ballet and eight modern jump types, and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was collected after each dance style segment. Jump landing impact and jump height demonstrated good-to-excellent within-session reliability (ICC = 0.75–0.98), supporting their use as indicators of external mechanical training load for repeated monitoring. Across classes, most jump types exhibited stable landing impacts and jump heights, while select jumps (e.g., sautés, prances, tuck jumps) exhibited day-to-day differences under natural training conditions. Contrary to expectations, variation in jump metrics was not significantly associated with sRPE, indicating a dissociation between external mechanical and internal perceptual training loads. Modern dance elicited significantly higher landing impacts, jump heights, and sRPE than ballet, demonstrating clear style-specific differences in training load. These findings highlight the value of jump-specific, style-specific mechanical metrics for monitoring external training load in collegiate dance and suggest that perceived exertion alone may not reflect jump-related mechanical demands. Wearable IMUs enable practical, movement-specific assessment of training load during real-world dance classes and provide a foundation for longitudinal workload monitoring in collegiate dance programs, informing training management and injury risk reduction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 113478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear wave elastography reveals depth- and angle-dependent engagement of rotator cuff muscle subregions during loaded shoulder flexion","authors":"Zade Pederson,&nbsp;Kyosuke Hoshikawa,&nbsp;Hugo Giambini","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rotator cuff (RC) plays a critical role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint and generating shoulder forces during elevation, yet the engagement of individual RC muscle subregions during loaded shoulder flexion remains incompletely characterized in vivo. This study used ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE) to quantify angle-dependent and depth-dependent engagement of supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus (ISP), and anterior deltoid muscle subregions during low-load shoulder flexion. Ten healthy young males performed isometric holds at shoulder flexion angles from 0°–120° while supporting an external load corresponding to 10% of maximal voluntary contraction. SWE-derived muscle modulus, as an inference of activity, was measured in anterior-superficial and anterior-middle SSP subregions, superior and middle ISP subregions, and the anterior deltoid. The anterior deltoid demonstrated a progressive rise from 0° [78.8 (42.1) kPa] to 90° [474.0 (127.2) kPa] (p &lt; 0.001). RC subregions presented earlier engagement, with increased activity evident by 30°. Within the SSP, the anterior-middle and anterior-superficial subregions showed the highest activity at 60° [609.6 (112.4) kPa (p &lt; 0.001) and 330.7 (120.6) kPa (p &lt; 0.001), respectively]. In the ISP, the superior and middle subregions peaked at 60° and 90° [401.2 (149.5) kPa (p &lt; 0.01 vs. 0°) and 312.6 (77.8) kPa (p &lt; 0.001 vs. 0°), respectively]. These findings reveal pronounced depth- and angle-dependent differences in muscle behavior and demonstrate that deeper, capsule-adjacent subregions maintained elevated engagement across wider functional ranges. This study provides mechanistic insight into layered RC function, offering a functional framework relevant to rehabilitation strategies and surgical approaches that consider subregion-specific muscle behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 113475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Throwing with the whole body: non-uniform muscle volume profiles in collegiate baseball pitchers","authors":"Lara Riem,&nbsp;Olivia DuCharme,&nbsp;Kathryn Eve Costanzo,&nbsp;Liza Harold,&nbsp;Emily McCain,&nbsp;Megan Pinette,&nbsp;Ashley Coggins,&nbsp;Matthew Cousins,&nbsp;Raina Hein,&nbsp;Elizabeth Hebert,&nbsp;Silvia S. Blemker","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-speed baseball pitching imposes unique demands on the musculoskeletal system, requiring coordinated force generation across the entire body. While<!--> <!-->previous<!--> <!-->studies have examined strength or morphology in isolated regions, the full-body distribution of muscle volume in pitchers<!--> <!-->remains<!--> <!-->poorly characterized. This study used<!--> <!-->in vivo<!--> <!-->MRI to quantify muscle volume across 70 upper<!--> <!-->extremity,<!--> <!-->lower extremity,<!--> <!-->and trunk muscles in 42 Division I collegiate pitchers, and compared results to a control cohort of 27 healthy, non-athlete males. A validated AI segmentation pipeline was used to extract individual muscle volumes, and linear regression models based on height × mass were used to generate size-based predictions from the control population. Z-scores were used to assess<!--> <!-->body-size-adjusted<!--> <!-->differences between pitchers and controls, while muscle volume fractions and dominance-referenced asymmetries were used to assess muscle distribution and lateralization. Pitchers showed significantly larger muscle volumes than controls in most muscles, with the greatest differences in the latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae. Rotator cuff and distal forearm muscles showed<!--> <!-->relatively<!--> <!-->smaller<!--> <!-->or no differences. Forearm and scapular muscles<!--> <!-->exhibited<!--> <!-->pronounced asymmetries favoring the pitching side, and differences in asymmetry patterns were<!--> <!-->observed<!--> <!-->between right- and left-handed pitchers. While most muscle volumes scaled with body size,<!--> <!-->specific muscles including<!--> <!-->the flexor carpi<!--> <!-->ulnaris<!--> <!-->and pronator<!--> <!-->teres<!--> <!-->showed reduced scaling strength in pitchers, consistent with targeted differences. These findings provide a comprehensive reference for evaluating muscle development in throwing athletes and offer insight into the distributed, asymmetric, and sport-specific nature of muscular differences in elite<!--> <!-->pitchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 113465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a smartphone-based markerless motion capture system for assessing the kinematics of gymnastics","authors":"Lucy Buchanan,&nbsp;Liang He,&nbsp;Amy Zavatsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring gymnasts in their training environments, using markerless motion capture, could enhance our understanding of their injuries and facilitate the implementation and evaluation of injury prevention measures. This study compared a smartphone-based markerless motion capture system (OpenCap) to a gold standard marker-based system (Vicon) to see how well it could track basic gymnastics. Ten participants were recorded simultaneously using both systems whilst performing: walk, squat, sit-to-stand, drop jump, handstand, cartwheel, handstand walk, handstand hop. Comparisons were made between gymnastics and non-gymnastics movements, and the effects of musculoskeletal range of motion (ROM) constraints and body region (upper vs lower body) were evaluated. System performance was assessed using complimentary metrics: magnitude of error between systems, waveform similarity, agreement and bias, and the relative magnitude of inter-system error compared to inter-subject variability. For gymnastics movements, using a musculoskeletal model with ROM constraints adapted to ranges typically utilised significantly reduced root mean square error (RMSE) between Vicon and OpenCap. However, the mean RMSE across all joints for gymnastics movements (40.14° ± 14.48°) was still significantly higher than non-gymnastics movements (11.57° ± 6.66°). Kinematic errors were lower for lower- than upper- limb joints, with the greatest discrepancies observed at the pelvis and shoulder during gymnastics movements. Although movement-specific modelling approaches can improve performance, OpenCap currently tracks complex gymnastics movements less accurately than simpler functional tasks. Further developments, including training on a wider range of activities and implementation of appropriate movement-specific constraints, are required before markerless motion capture can be applied with confidence to gymnastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 113477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous stabilizing feedback control of linear and angular momentum in human walking","authors":"Jaap H. van Dieën,&nbsp;Sjoerd M. Bruijn,&nbsp;Koen K. Lemaire,&nbsp;Dinant A. Kistemaker","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stabilizing bipedal gait is mechanically challenging. To analyze how gait is stabilized, previous studies have focused on the control of the body center of mass (CoM). These studies often linked deviations in linear momentum of the CoM to subsequent shifts in position of the center of pressure (CoP), or of the foot, relative to the COM, and interpreted these as stabilizing responses to correct linear CoM momentum. Mechanically, however, CoP shifts do not cause changes of linear CoM momentum, whereas they do cause changes in whole-body angular momentum. We hypothesized that experimentally observed correlations between CoP to CoM distance and horizontal ground reaction forces are related to the need to control both linear and whole-body angular momentum. We show that, in human walking, linear and angular momentum follow quasi-periodic functions with similar periodicity and phase. Combining the equations of linear and rotational motion for a system of linked rigid segments shows that, in this case, the horizontal distance between CoP and CoM should be correlated to horizontal force in the corresponding direction. This suggests that linear and angular momentum are simultaneously controlled and may explain the success of preceding studies that correlated CoM states to CoP or foot locations. Regression models fitted to experimental data of participants walking at normal and slow speeds showed that deviations in horizontal ground reaction forces and in moments of the ground reaction force about the sagittal and transverse axes could be predicted from deviations in the preceding linear and angular momentum respectively. Our analyses support that linear and angular momentum are indeed controlled simultaneously in human walking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 113240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint angle and muscle length manipulation reveal regional uniformity of sarcomere lengths in the passive rat medial gastrocnemius","authors":"Guido Geusebroek ,&nbsp;Chris Tijs ,&nbsp;Wendy Noort ,&nbsp;Han Houdijk ,&nbsp;Jaap van Dieën ,&nbsp;Huub Maas","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elongation of musculotendinous substructures attained during muscle stretching determines acute and long-term effects of stretching. We assessed how elongation is distributed across substructures of the rat medial gastrocnemius (MG) and how MG sarcomere elongation relates to plantarflexion resistance when the MG is stretched through joint rotation. We fixated 48 rat hindlimbs in 16 combinations of knee and ankle joint angles (55°, 90°, 125° and 160°), with three limbs per combination. We measured the MG muscle-belly length and the pennation angle in the proximal and distal region. We dissected four to five muscle-fibers from proximal, intermediate and distal muscle-belly regions and measured fiber and sarcomere length. We compared fiber and sarcomere lengths across regions and assessed how muscle-belly lengthening induced by knee or ankle rotation affected fiber length, sarcomere length and pennation angle. Lastly we measured plantarflexion torque of 12 rats in a range of ankle angles from 120° to 70° with the knee fixed in 90°. We found that pennation angles decreased and that fibers and sarcomeres lengthened uniformly across MG regions in response to muscle-belly lengthening. The onset of sarcomere lengthening (beyond 2.1 µm) preceded the onset of passive plantarflexion torque by aproximately 20°. Muscle-belly lengthening induced by ankle rotation had a greater impact on mean sarcomere length, fiber length, and pennation angle compared to knee rotation. In conclusion, sarcomeres lengthen uniformly across MG regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 113232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a deep learning markerless system for lower-limb kinematics in hip and knee osteoarthritis population","authors":"Junqing Wang ,&nbsp;Tengfei Li ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Fashu Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Song ,&nbsp;Yong Nie ,&nbsp;Yubo Fan ,&nbsp;Kang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of deep learning technology, markerless systems have emerged as a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative to marker-based systems. However, most existing markerless systems are developed using datasets from healthy individuals, which limits their generalizability to patient populations. Therefore, this study developed a four-camera markerless system using a dataset of patients with osteoarthritis and validated its measurement accuracy in lower-limb kinematics. A total of 150 patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis were allocated to a training set (n = 120) and a test set (n = 30). Kinematic data during gait were simultaneously collected using both markerless and marker-based systems. We developed a four-camera markerless system on the training set. In the test set, the kinematic differences between the markerless and marker-based systems over the gait cycle were assessed using root mean square error (RMSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The grand mean position difference and ICC for the keypoints predicted by the markerless system were 13.4 mm and 0.93, respectively. Additionally, the mean RMSE for all joint angles was 4.1°. The ICC for the joint angle waveforms between the markerless and marker-based systems in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were 0.93, 0.50, and 0.34, respectively. Our four-camera markerless system, developed using data from patient populations, shows high accuracy in keypoints and sagittal plane joint angles prediction. This indicates that our markerless system is suitable for osteoarthritis populations and offers a cost-effective and convenient tool for disease-related biomechanical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 113238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal mapping of plantar shear forces during human walking using a flexible thin-film sensor","authors":"Kohei Nishizawa,&nbsp;Naomichi Ogihara","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During walking, the foot is subjected to complex vertical and shear ground reaction forces, which play critical roles in gait mechanics and the development of foot pathologies. However, plantar shear stress has been less investigated due to measurement difficulties. This study aimed (1) to evaluate the accuracy of a newly developed thin-film shear force distribution sensor in measuring plantar pressure and shear stress during walking, and (2) to characterize the spatiotemporal features of plantar shear loading throughout the stance phase. Five healthy male adults participated in walking experiments using the thin-film sensor affixed to a force plate for reference. The sensor measures normal and shear forces with a resolution of 24 × 24 sensing points over a 312 × 312 mm area. Force outputs were sampled at 100 Hz and compared with the ground reaction forces obtained from the force plate. The integrated vertical and shear components from the thin-film sensor showed good agreement with the force plate data, confirming its accuracy and reliability. Spatiotemporal shear maps revealed dynamic changes in magnitude and direction across stance: posterior shear beneath the heel during early stance, medial rotation at mid-stance, and anterior propulsion beneath the forefoot during push-off. This sensing system enables continuous mapping of plantar shear and pressure distributions, providing a practical tool for gait analysis and the prevention of foot disorders such as diabetic ulcers and hallux valgus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 113239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The segmental dynamics of the lower leg in the side-volley kick in male soccer players","authors":"Tsuyoshi Iitake,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Nunome","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to clarify the differences in interaction torques acting on the kicking limb by expressing them as functions of the relative linear accelerations in a linked lower leg system. Twenty experienced male university-level soccer players (19.5 ± 1.1 years, 1.75 ± 0.06 m, 69.2 ± 5.5 kg) were instructed to perform the side-volley and instep kicks as forcefully as possible. The kicking motions were captured using a 12-camera optoelectronic motion capture system at 500 Hz. To describe the differences in the detailed mechanics of the interaction torques between the two kicks, the acceleration of the lower leg centre of gravity was decomposed into the relative accelerations of adjacent body landmarks from the support leg’s hip joint, which allowed us to calculate the interaction torques due to accelerative actions of these body landmarks. The side-volley kick generated significantly smaller total interaction torque and the interaction torque due to the support leg’s hip in the final phase of kicking than the instep kick. There was a distinctive difference between the two kicks in the practical accelerative actions at the support leg’s hip. In the side-volley kick, while the interaction torque due to the vertical acceleration of the support leg’s hip was negligible during kicking, that due to the horizontal acceleration (towards the left from the back-view of right-footed players) had the most considerable magnitude. The horizontal acceleration is most likely derived from the support leg’s hip adduction joint torque, apparent in the latter part of kicking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 113249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modelling of airflow and aerosol particle delivery in cats with bronchial and non-bronchial disease","authors":"Carla Zamora-Perarnau ,&nbsp;Mauro Malvè ,&nbsp;Rocío Fernández-Parra","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2026.113233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline lower airway disease comprises a spectrum of inflammatory conditions, including asthma, which is commonly treated with inhaled glucocorticoids. This study employs computed tomography (CT)–based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to characterize airflow dynamics in feline lower airways with and without bronchial disease (BD and NBD), evaluating velocity, pressure, wall shear stress, and airway resistance under different flow conditions. In addition, deposition patterns of two aerosol particle sizes (1 µm and 10 µm) were assessed within the trachea and bronchi.</div><div>Geometrical reconstructions of the trachea and lobar bronchi were generated from CT scans of 24 cats, classified into BD and NBD groups. Simulations were performed using two airflow conditions and two particle diameters. Airflow parameters and aerosol particle deposition were calculated for each model.</div><div>A trend toward higher values of most airflow parameters was observed in the NBD group, except for expiratory resistance and velocity. However, no statistically significant differences in airflow parameters were identified between groups. Particle deposition analysis showed a higher deposition fraction for larger particles, with 10 µm particles depositing more frequently on bronchial walls than 1 µm particles in both groups.</div><div>Overall, CT-based CFD analysis revealed no significant group differences in resistance, pressure, wall shear stress, or velocity. Nevertheless, particle size influenced deposition patterns, with larger particles showing increased bronchial trapping. Although the initial hypothesis was not confirmed, this feasibility and characterization study establishes a methodological framework for future <em>in silico</em> investigations of feline lower airway disease providing preliminary physiologically and clinically relevant insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 113233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147365297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}