Journal of biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Biomechanical mechanisms for modulating stride frequency in walking","authors":"Russell T. Johnson ,&nbsp;Brian R. Umberger","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans typically choose to walk at a self-selected stride frequency that minimizes their metabolic cost. However, when environmental constraints are present (e.g., icy sidewalk), they will change their stride frequency to accommodate. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the muscle–tendon dynamics when humans walk with different stride frequencies, offering valuable insights into the biomechanics of walking. The study aimed to quantify the effect of stride frequency on the muscle–tendon forces, powers, and induced accelerations on the center of mass. Data was collected with eight subjects walking at 1.3 m/s at their self-selected stride frequency and + 20 and −20 % of their self-selected stride frequency. We used musculoskeletal modeling to compute the muscle–tendon forces and powers, and the vertical and anterior-posterior induced accelerations for nine muscle groups. When comparing stride frequency conditions using statistical parametric mapping, we found that gluteus medius, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior had greater forces, powers, or induced accelerations in the −20 % condition. The hamstrings, rectus femoris, and iliopsoas muscle groups had greater forces, powers, or induced accelerations in the + 20 % condition compared to self-selected frequency. The gastrocnemius played a crucial role in modulating forward acceleration across different stride frequencies, driven by changes in segment kinematics rather than changes in muscle forces. Increases in muscle force production as participants deviated from self-selected stride frequency may indicate that the preferred stride frequency of an individual minimizes the overall demand on lower limb muscles during walking. These results advance our understanding of why humans self-select certain movement patterns during gait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propulsive and braking contribution of the lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs during underwater undulatory swimming calculated from vortices distribution: A simulation study","authors":"Takahiro Tanaka ,&nbsp;Satoru Hashizume ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Kurihara ,&nbsp;Tadao Isaka","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Swimmers propel their bodies forward by generating vortices around themselves, which produce fluid force during underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). This study aimed to investigate the propulsive and braking contributions of the vortices of the lower limbs, trunk, and upper limbs during UUS. The kinematic data and three-dimensional digital model were collected from nine male swimmers. Vortex generation was obtained using computational fluid dynamics, and the fluid force of six vortices was determined from the vortex circulation, swimmers' segment velocity, and length. Foot vortices contributed 96.7 % to producing braking fluid force during the first half of the downward kick. Vortices of the feet and the ventral side of the trunk contributed 69.3 % and 58.8 % to producing the propulsive fluid force during the last half of the downward kick, respectively. During the first half of the upward kick, the vortices of the feet and ventral side of the trunk contributed to producing the 87.3 % of propulsive and 93.3 % of braking fluid force, respectively. During the last half of the upward kick, 63.1 % of propulsive and 86.9% of braking fluid forces were produced by vortices on the ventral side of the trunk and feet, respectively. Small fluid forces and contributions were detected for vortices of the arms, lower legs, dorsal sides of the shoulders, and waist. These results indicate that the vortices of the feet and ventral side of the trunk mainly contribute to the increase and decrease in the horizontal UUS velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of a passive back support exoskeleton to mitigate fatigue related adaptations in a complex repetitive lifting task","authors":"Emma J. Ratke ,&nbsp;Hannah McMaster ,&nbsp;Chris L. Vellucci ,&nbsp;Dennis J. Larson ,&nbsp;Michael W.R. Holmes ,&nbsp;Shawn M. Beaudette","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) increase in prevalence, it is important to not only understand the mechanisms underpinning WRMSDs but also investigate ways to mitigate them in the workplace. Exoskeletons are an emerging technology which can reduce the physical demands required from the worker to perform lifting tasks. Previous research has primarily studied the effectiveness of back-support exoskeletons in constrained, flexion/extension tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a passive back-support exoskeleton in a complex, multiplanar repetitive manual materials handling (MMH) task. Participants (n = 14) completed a multi-planar lifting, transferring, and lowering task for sixty minutes with and without wearing a passive back-support exoskeleton (HeroWear Apex 2). Full body kinematics as well as trunk and shoulder surface electromyography were collected for the entire trial. The back-support exoskeleton significantly decreased ratings of perceived exertion (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) Participants exhibited faster task completion times in the exoskeleton condition (p = 0.0095). Both movement coordination and coordination variability differed between conditions with increased shoulder-lumbar variability (<em>p</em> = 0.0466 − &lt;.0001) and decreased thorax-pelvis variability (<em>p</em> = 0.0281) in the exoskeleton condition. Additionally, the back-support exoskeleton significantly reduced lumbar erector spinae muscle activity asymmetrically (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). While these findings generally support the idea that a passive back-support exoskeleton is effective in altering indicators of fatigue which can lead to injury, more research is needed to study different exoskeleton assistance levels and different types of exoskeletons before recommending their use across a diverse range of occupational settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear and angular impulse generated by high school pitchers during fastballs and changeups","authors":"Samantha Gajda ,&nbsp;Jun Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Janine Molino ,&nbsp;Christopher Knowlton ,&nbsp;Matthew Gauthier ,&nbsp;Zach Tropp ,&nbsp;Nikhil Verma ,&nbsp;Gregory Nicholson ,&nbsp;Anthony Romeo ,&nbsp;Antonia Zaferiou","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study revealed how high school pitchers generated momenta during fastballs and changeups at a whole-body level. Baseball pitchers control ground reaction forces to generate whole-body momentum. Pitchers attempt to throw as fast and accurately as possible during fastballs but also need to throw off-speed pitches like changeups to deceive batters. To understand whole-body momenta generation in fastballs and changeups, this study aimed to determine (a) the roles of each leg in impulse generation in high school pitchers, (b) if these impulses differed between fastballs and changeups, and (c) if net impulses related to ball speed. Linear mixed models revealed that the back leg generated significantly more forward linear impulse (p &lt; 0.0001) and more angular impulse about the leftward (p &lt; 0.0001) and upward axes (p &lt; 0.0001) than the lead leg in fastballs and changeups as a group and within each pitcher. However, when comparing fastballs and changeups, there were no significant differences in net forward linear impulse (p = 0.71) or net angular impulse about the leftward axis (p = 0.42) or about the upward axis (p = 0.72) at the group-level, despite significantly greater ball speeds during fastballs (p &lt; 0.0001). This study did not detect any significant group-level associations between ball speed and net forward linear impulse (p = 0.6 for fastballs, p = 0.81 for changeups) or net angular impulse about leftward axis (p = 0.52 for fastballs, p = 0.35 for changeups) or about the upward axis (p = 0.76 for fastballs and changeups) during fastballs or changeups, though some participants exhibited trends between impulses and ball speed individually.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two cameras can be as good as four for markerless hand tracking during simple finger movements","authors":"Daanish M. Mulla,&nbsp;Nigel Majoni,&nbsp;Paul M. Tilley,&nbsp;Peter J. Keir","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recording and quantifying hand and finger movement is essential for understanding the neuromechanical control of the hand. Typically, kinematics are collected through marker-based optoelectronic motion capture systems. However, marker-based systems are time-consuming to setup, expensive, and cumbersome, especially for finger tracking. Advances in markerless systems have potential to overcome these limitations, as demonstrated by recent applications in lower extremity biomechanics research. In this work, we aimed to integrate markerless systems for hand biomechanics research by combining open source markerless motion capture pipelines (MediaPipe and Anipose) and investigating the number of cameras required for tracking single finger flexion–extension movements. Finger movements were recorded at three different speeds (0.50, 0.75, 1 Hz) for each of the instructed fingers (index, middle, ring, little) using 4 webcams. Finger joint angles were compared when using all 4 webcams for triangulating 3D hand key points versus all 2- and 3-camera subset combinations. The number of cameras was found to affect joint angles, with differences up to 20° when using 2 or 3 cameras compared to using all 4 cameras. However, we found some 2-camera orientations had minimal differences compared to using all 4 cameras (&lt; 4° difference for the sum of finger [metacarpal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal phalangeal] joint angles). Thus, there can be little to no benefit of adding more than 2 cameras for 3D markerless tracking of the hand during single finger flexion–extension with optimal camera placement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of bone relaxation on the simulated pull-off force of a cementless femoral knee implant","authors":"Thomas Gersie ,&nbsp;Thom Bitter ,&nbsp;Robert Freeman ,&nbsp;Nico Verdonschot ,&nbsp;Dennis Janssen","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aseptic loosening is the primary cause of revision in cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), emphasizing the importance of strong initial stability for long-term implant success. Pre-clinical evaluations are crucial for understanding implant fixation mechanics and improving implant designs. Finite element (FE) analysis models often use linear elastic bone material models, which do not accurately reflect bone’s mechanical behavior. Incorporating a von Mises yield model to simulate bone’s plastic behavior improved predictions of primary stability but tends to overestimate fixation, potentially due to neglecting bone viscoelasticity. Stress relaxation in bone can affect primary stability by reducing press-fit forces on implants. This study aimed to include bone relaxation into FE models of femoral TKA reconstructions to investigate the impact of bone material models on primary fixation. Simulated pull-off tests were conducted using three material models: elastic, plastic, and plastic-viscoelastic. Six femoral reconstructions, previously used in another study, were included. The average pull-off force decreased (about 79%) from 31 kN with the elastic model to 6.3 kN when bone plasticity was included. Introducing stress relaxation showed a minimal effect, leading to an additional reduction in pull-off force of 0.8%. A significant positive correlation was found between bone mineral density and pull-off force across the three material models. Additionally, elastic strain energy within the femur correlated strongly with pull-off force, suggesting higher strain energy increases pull-off force. This study is the first to integrate plastic and viscoelastic bone behavior in FE simulations, offering insights into cementless implant fixation within context of realistic bone mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between the fluid–structure interaction approach and the finite element method approach to analyze the leaflet flutter in bioprosthetic aortic valve","authors":"Matheus Carvalho Barbosa Costa ,&nbsp;Saulo de Freitas Gonçalves ,&nbsp;João Victor Curado Fleury ,&nbsp;Mário Luis Ferreira da Silva ,&nbsp;Rudolf Huebner ,&nbsp;Artur Henrique de Freitas Avelar","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low durability of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), between 10-15 years, is associated with the development of leaflets flutter. Despite increasing calcification and structural damage of the BHV, leaflets flutter is an understudied condition. Therefore, the objective of this study is compare the oscillation characteristics of BHV leaflets obtained by the finite element method (FEM) technique and by the fluid-structural interaction (FSI) technique. A BHV geometry and a simplified fluid domain were developed. Physiological ventricular and aortic pressure were applied in the FEM and FSI simulations. The BHV were considered with incompressible hyperelastic and isotropic mechanical behavior, while the blood was modeled as a Newtonian fluid. Turbulence was modeled according to the k – <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span> SST model. The displacement and maximum principal stress results showed that the FSI approach was in better agreement with the <em>in vitro</em> studies in the literature. Furthermore, the leaflet vibration frequency was 12 times lower and the amplitude 50 times higher compared to the FEM method. From the stress distribution in the leaflets, the highest values occurred in the commissure region of the ventricular side for both techniques. In addition, while the stress was more uniform for FEM, FSI showed a stress concentration in the belly region of the leaflets. This study indicates that the use of the FEM technique to assess fatigue intensification due to leaflet fluttering could induce inaccurate conclusions, since it does not incorporate the dynamic fluid impacts on leaflets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle contributions to propelling the body upward differ between skipping and running","authors":"Sarah A. Roelker ,&nbsp;John D. Willson ,&nbsp;Paul DeVita ,&nbsp;Richard R. Neptune","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skipping represents a training alternative to running due to its lower knee contact forces and higher whole-body metabolic cost. The increased metabolic cost of skipping is associated with a higher vertical center-of-mass (COM) displacement during the support and flight phases of the skipping hop compared to running. However, skipping has lower muscle force impulses than running. Therefore, the study purpose was to compare the flow of mechanical power between body segments during skipping and running to determine the mechanisms enabling higher vertical displacement in skipping despite the lower vertical impulse. Running and skipping cycles were simulated in OpenSim for 5 adults (22.4 ± 2.2 y) using motion capture data collected at 2.5 m/s on an instrumented dual-belt treadmill. A segmental power analysis quantified muscle contributions to vertical body segment mechanical power, which were integrated over the stance phase of running (Run) and the hop (Skip 1) and step (Skip 2) of skipping to calculate mechanical work. Higher vertical work was done by the gluteus maximus, vasti, and soleus in Skip 1, primarily through power generation to the trunk, compared to power absorption in Run and Skip 2. Thus, despite lower muscle force impulses in Skip 1, muscles generate power through concentric contractions, leading to greater metabolic cost than in running. These muscle force impulses contribute to propelling the COM upward in Skip 1 (rather than decelerating downward COM motion in Run and Skip 2), which raises the COM and contributes to the greater COM displacement in skipping compared to running.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the effects of hand growth on muscle activation patterns: A musculoskeletal modeling study","authors":"Miranda C. Ludovice ,&nbsp;Katherine R. Saul ,&nbsp;Derek G. Kamper","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout childhood growth and development, both the nervous and the musculoskeletal systems undergo rapid change. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of growth-related changes in skeletal size and muscle strength on the neural control of finger force generation. By modifying an existing OpenSim hand model in accordance with pediatric anthropometric data, we created 10 distinct models representing males and females at each year of development from 6 to 10 years old. We then used the static optimization tool to estimate the requisite muscle activations to create a maximal palmar force with the index finger in two different postures (metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal) − Posture 1: (0°, 30°, 0°) and Posture 2: (0°, 60°, 30°). For Posture 1, multiple regression analysis revealed a significant effect of both age and sex on activation for all muscles (p &lt; 0.035) with exception of the flexor digitorum profundus. For Posture 2, only the extensor digitorum communis activation had a significant relationship with age (p = 0.010), while no other muscles showed a significant relationship with age, sex, or the age-sex interaction activation (p &gt; 0.054). Exchanging the activation patterns between the youngest and oldest models altered both the predicted index finger force and direction. Therefore, our simulations suggest that the changes in hand size and morphology associated with growth may necessitate changes in muscle activation patterns to be able to continue to perform a given hand function. Children may need to substantially adjust or even relearn motor control strategies throughout childhood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional kinematics in patients with anterior shoulder instability – A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Talissa Oliveira Generoso ,&nbsp;Vitor La Banca ,&nbsp;Felipe F. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;João Artur Bonadiman ,&nbsp;Lucas Valerio Pallone ,&nbsp;Eliane C. Guadagnin ,&nbsp;Grant E. Garrigues ,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Gustafson ,&nbsp;Leonardo Metsavaht ,&nbsp;Gustavo Leporace","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anterior Shoulder Instability (ASI) is a common orthopedic condition often resulting in altered shoulder kinematics. Understanding the biomechanics of the unstable shoulder is critical to determine the most appropriate treatment. This study aims to conduct the first systematic review and <em>meta</em>-analysis of three-dimensional (3D) shoulder kinematic studies in ASI patients. A broad search was conducted within PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library following the PRISMA guidelines. All cross-sectional or longitudinal studies with 3D motion analysis describing shoulder kinematics in patients with ASI were included. The quality of each study was assessed using the MINORS criteria. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis and two in the <em>meta</em>-analysis. The qualitative review detected conflicting evidence for some parameters. The humeral head had a greater anterior translation in unstable shoulders in three of the studies analyzed, while the difference was not significant in one and another found higher variability for global humeral translation for instability patients. Two studies showed decreased rotation range of motion for unstable shoulders while one did not find significant differences. Conflicting results were also found regarding changes in scapulohumeral rhythm and scapular orientation. The <em>meta</em>-analysis indicated a greater scapulohumeral rhythm on the coronal plane for the instability group, suggesting a relatively greater contribution of motion at the glenohumeral joint compared with the scapulothoracic joint for arm abduction, and reduced glenohumeral peak angles for unstable shoulders. Identifying and quantifying kinematic changes associated with ASI are vital for refining treatment interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomechanics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 112543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}