Journal of applied physiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Cerebral Autoregulation and Cerebral Perfusion in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease using Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.","authors":"Abeselom Fanta, Atinuke Dosunmu-Ogunbi, Alexander Ruesch, Jude Jonassaint, Joel D K Disu, Julia Z Xu, Theodore Huppert, Jana M Kainerstorfer, Enrico M Novelli, Sossena Wood","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00426.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00426.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) associated with cerebral hypoperfusion and cognitive dysfunction. Early and prompt detection is important for prevention and treatment, preferably with a non-invasive, inexpensive point-of-care test. Impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a marker of cerebral small vessel disease, so we evaluated whether imaging hemodynamic changes in the microvasculature can assess abnormal CA in patients with SCD. We instructed patients (n=13) and healthy controls (n=14) to breathe at three different rates using a metronome while frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS), a non-invasive optical imaging method, measured the phase delay and amplitude ratios between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes. These measurements served as a surrogate measure of CA efficiency. We applied a mathematical hemodynamic model to calculate blood transit times and CA efficiency. We found that patients with SCD had significantly lower phase difference between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin oscillations (-320° to -340°) than controls (-200° to -240°), indicating differences in CA and blood transit time between the groups. Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation was reduced in patients with SCD (63.1% ± 7.8%) compared to controls (66.1% ± 4.7%). The hemodynamic model further found a significant difference in the capillary transit time and autoregulation cutoff frequency between SCD (1.88 ± 0.14s; 0.016 ± 0.0033Hz) and controls (0.71 ± 0.24s, p<0.05; 0.02 ± 0.0052Hz, p<0.05). Herein, we present preliminary evidence of the utility of NIRS to monitor CA in SCD; NIRS may represent a new screening method for cerebral small vessel disease in SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Impact of Controlled Emergency Swimming Ascents (CESA) Training in Professional Divers: Evidence of Subclinical Lung Stress.","authors":"Olivier Castagna, Vianney Hamar, Bruno Schmid, Arnaud Druelle","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00462.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00462.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlled Emergency Swimming Ascent (CESA) training is a standard safety procedure in diving, designed to simulate ascent in the event of gas supply failure. However, the potential pulmonary risks associated with this exercise remain poorly documented. This study aimed to evaluate whether CESA training induces subclinical pulmonary alterations and to assess the effectiveness of expiratory control during ascent. In Step 1, seven experienced military divers each performed two dives to 10 meters of seawater (msw): one control dive with normal breathing through a regulator and one CESA dive involving continuous expiration without a mouthpiece during ascent. Lung ultrasound was conducted before and after immersion to quantify extravascular lung water (EVLW) using ultrasound lung comets (ULCs). In Step 2, four divers performed CESA from 5 and 10 msw while ventilatory kinetics were recorded using a custom underwater pneumotachograph. All divers remained asymptomatic throughout. However, ULCs increased significantly after CESA dives (0 vs. 7.3 ± 4.6, p < 0.01), but not after control dives (0 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7, NS), suggesting subclinical pulmonary stress. Ventilatory analysis revealed marked interindividual variability: pre-ascent expirations ranged from 15% to 45% of slow vital capacity (SVC), and residual volumes at the surface were between 5% and 12% of SVC. These findings indicate that even trained divers do not consistently match expiratory effort to gas expansion, potentially increasing mechanical stress on the lungs. CESA training may therefore expose healthy individuals to silent alveolar stress, highlighting the need for improved monitoring tools and individualized ventilatory assessment during ascent training.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Athletic Performance and Related Physiological Outcomes. A Systematic Review of Studies Using High Methodological Standards.","authors":"Jennifer Schlie, Vivien Krassowski, Annette Schmidt","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00223.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00223.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether different menstrual cycle (MC) phases are associated with differences in athletic performance is a constant scientific debate. Phase verification without actual sex hormone determination and heterogenous cohorts complicate the analysis. Therefore, this review only includes studies in which 17ß-oestradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone we measured. The aim was to assess the prevalence of these methodological standards and determine the representativeness of elite athletes. Further, the associations between MC phase and athletic performance were analyzed. Four databases were searched for studies investigating athletic performance and performance-related outcomes in ≥2 phases in eumenorrheic females. 19 studies (total n = 279, 25.6 ± 3.6 years, mean sample size n = 13.9 ± 7) were included, with elite athletes underrepresented. Most compared three phases, particularly the early follicular (EF) phase was used. 58 % reported significant phase effects on at least one performance-related outcome, although the direction and magnitude varied between studies. The EF was identified as unfavorable for VO_2max by one, and for peak power by two studies. Submaximal ventilation was reduced during the EF. Maximum and explosive strength remained largely unaffected. Neuromuscular coordination was improved during ovulation. A medium to high risk of bias was identified in the randomization and reported outcomes. Despite focusing on studies with high methodological standards, the heterogeneity of phases and populations studied complicate a systematic analysis. The prevalence of serum hormone analysis in elite sports appeared to be poor. The risk of bias suggests to critically approach conclusions about the presence or absence of MC effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Suppresses the Mitochondrial and Transcriptional Response to Exercise Revealing a Conserved BCL6B Associated Angiogenic Program.","authors":"Matthew D Bruss, Christian James Elliehausen, Josef P Clark, Dennis M Minton, Adam R Konopka","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00432.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00432.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have previously demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of metformin on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration was associated with attenuated improvements in whole-body insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness after aerobic exercise training (AET) in older adults. To identify processes associated with the inhibitory effect of metformin on mitochondrial adaptations to AET, we evaluated the skeletal muscle transcriptome, mitochondrial respiration, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) emissions in 7-month-old male C57BL6/J mice after 8-weeks of non-exercise sedentary control (SED) or progressive AET with and without metformin treatment. Similar to our findings in humans, metformin diminished the improvement in whole-body cardiometabolic adaptations and the increase in mitochondrial respiration in both isolated mitochondria and permeabilized muscle fibers after AET in mice. However, AET with or without metformin did not impact resting mitochondrial H₂O₂ emissions. Metformin decreased the number of differentially expressed genes after AET by ~50% and suppressed several transcription factors and signal transduction pathways involved in skeletal muscle proteostasis, myogenesis, oxidative capacity, and angiogenesis. A parallel analysis of human resistance exercise data revealed overlapping metformin-sensitive transcription factors and BCL6B-associated signaling networks implicated in angiogenesis, suggesting a conserved regulatory axis across species and exercise modalities. Collectively, these data demonstrate that attenuation of mitochondrial respiration by metformin coincides with transcriptional repression and identify specific pathways and regulators, such as BCL6B, that may contribute to the suppression of exercise adaptations by metformin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Small Constant External Negative Pressure Improves Lung Aeration at Birth in Rabbit Kittens with a Diaphragmatic Hernia.","authors":"Paige J Riddington, Philip Lj DeKoninck, Indya M Davies, Dominic Jurkschat, Megan J Wallace, Janneke Dekker, Arjan B Te Pas, Marcus John Kitchen, Stuart B Hooper, Kelly J Crossley","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia often require high peak inflation pressures to aerate and ventilate their stiff, hypoplastic lungs at birth. However, while high peak inflation pressures are associated with ventilator-induced lung injury, lower peak inflation pressures (considered to be gentle) may not sufficiently aerate the lungs. <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate whether a small constant external negative pressure can improve lung aeration at birth in rabbit kittens with a diaphragmatic hernia. <b>Methods:</b> A diaphragmatic hernia was surgically induced in 2-3 rabbit fetuses per doe (n=20) at 24d gestation. At 30d, diaphragmatic hernia kittens (n=21) and control littermates (n=19) were delivered by caesarean section, intubated and placed in a water-filled plethysmograph. Kittens were ventilated (volume targeted: 8mL/kg for control, 4mL/kg for diaphragmatic hernia kittens) with either an external negative pressure (-6cmH₂O) without a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; Negative/0PEEP) or at atmospheric pressure (0cmH₂O) with or without PEEP (Atmos/5PEEP and Atmos/0PEEP). <b>Meaurements:</b> Lung aeration was measured using phase contrast X-ray imaging and plethysmography. Data (means±SD) were analysed using a repeated measures linear mixed model (p<0.05). <b>Main Results:</b> Diaphragmatic hernia kittens ventilated in Negative/0PEEP required lower peak inflation pressures to achieve the target tidal volume than Atmos/5PEEP (10.9±2.6 vs 15.4±2.6 cmH₂O; p=0.004) and Atmos/0PEEP kittens (14.2±2.6 cmH₂O; p=0.052). They also had greater functional residual capacities compared to Atmos/5PEEP (19.9±3.9 vs 13.8±3.9 mL/kg; p=0.015) and Atmos/0PEEP kittens (6.4±3.9 mL/kg; p<0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> A small constant external negative pressure increased lung aeration with lower peak inflation pressures in mechanically ventilated diaphragmatic hernia rabbit kittens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Ascent Accelerates the Onset of Acute Mountain Sickness at 4,300 m.","authors":"Pierre A Fabries, Steven D Landspurg, Peter S Figueiredo, Quint N Berkemeier, Sean P Langan, Emily C Tagesen, Melissa D McInnis, Adam J Luippold, Devin A Connolly, Paul M Bartlett, Robert L Alunday, Aaron J Reilly, Trevor J Mayschak, Nicolas A Weiss, Bianca E Alvarez, Nicole K Munoz, Sean A Buehler, J Philip Karl, Erik R Swenson, William J Tharion, Jon K Femling, Beth A Beidleman","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00391.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00391.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute mountain sickness (AMS) usually peaks after the first night at high altitude (HA) and resolves within 2-3 days, but the effect of active ascent on AMS is debated. This study examined the incidence, severity, and time course of AMS following active versus passive ascent from 3,950 to 4,300 m. Thirty-two healthy participants traveled from low altitude (55-399 m) to 3,950 m. Participants either hiked (active group, n=16), or were driven (passive group, n=16) to 4,300 m, staying for four days (HA1-HA4). AMS was assessed daily using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire, with AMS-Cerebral (AMS-C) factor score ≥0.7 indicative of sickness. The active compared to the passive group expended more energy (1265±351 vs. 408±208 kcal) and demonstrated lower peripheral oxygen saturation (75±3 vs. 82±3%) during ascent. In the active group, the incidence of AMS peaked on HA1 (81%), remained elevated on HA2 (75%) and HA3 (57%), and decreased on HA4 (30%). In the passive group, the incidence of AMS peaked on HA2 (69%) compared to HA1 (44%), remained elevated on HA3 (33%) and decreased on HA4 (8%). The AMS incidence was higher in the active compared to the passive group on HA1. High-intensity exercise during ascent worsens AMS symptoms on HA1, likely due to greater hypoxemia during ascent. Tasks that need to be performed immediately upon arrival at HA may be negatively affected by strenuous exercise and personnel should consider appropriate countermeasures to minimize the impact of exercise on AMS in the early hours of HA exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propulsion without penalty: Greater soleus force with stiffer footwear does not necessarily increase estimated soleus metabolic cost across walking speeds.","authors":"Daniel J Davis, Samuel F Ray, Jason R Franz, Kota Z Takahashi","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous assistive devices have been designed to improve mobility by improving propulsion and reducing the metabolic cost of walking. Stiff carbon fiber insoles integrated into footwear have emerged as a potentially viable option by increasing longitudinal bending stiffness, providing additional leverage for the ankle joint musculature and increasing soleus force output. However, it remains unknown whether this increased leverage comes with a metabolic penalty at the individual muscle level, which would create a translational barrier for prescribing carbon fiber insoles as targeted interventions. We incorporated motion capture, cine B-mode ultrasound, and electromyography data (N=14) into a bioenergetic model to estimate soleus metabolic cost. Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at 1.25, 1.75, and 2.0 m/s wearing standardized shoes containing either no carbon fiber insole (low stiffness), a 1.6 mm thick insole (medium stiffness), or a 3.2 mm thick insole (high stiffness). We found a significant main effect (p < 0.001) of walking speed, but not stiffness, for estimated soleus average metabolic power. These results indicate that increases in soleus force output while walking due to increased footwear bending stiffness do not statistically significantly alter muscle-specific metabolic cost, likely due to concomitant reductions in fascicle shortening velocity. As such, carbon fiber insoles may be a particularly useful assistive device for walking in those with ankle plantarflexion deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of using the skin blood flow plateau response to local heating as a non-invasive assessment of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation.","authors":"Brett J Wong, Matthew J Hayat","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00324.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00324.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether the non-invasive plateau phase of the skin blood flow response to local heating correlates with more invasive, direct quantification of the NO component is unresolved. To reliably quantify how well these two variables relate to each other, a large sample size is required. We therefore retrospectively analyzed data from 194 young adults at a control microdialysis site that was perfused with lactated Ringer's solution. Skin blood flow was measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry and the skin was heated from 33°C to 39°C. Perfusion of the non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (20 mM), was used to quantify the NO component. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. The local heating plateau and NO component were calculated and expressed in multiple ways based on a recently published analysis (1). There was a positive linear association between the local heating plateau expressed as the total local heating response and the NO component was expressed as Δ%CVC_max. The relation between the plateau and other indices of the NO component appears to largely depend on how the NO component is calculated and expressed. We also found that the relation between the total local heating response and Δ%CVC_max was not influenced by racial identity or biological sex. Our retrospective analysis of a large cohort of participants suggests the non-invasive local heating plateau may serve as a reliable surrogate for the more invasive quantification of the NO component when the ability to use more invasive methods is not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal measurements of NO-mediated vasodilation and physical activity over one year following endometriosis excision surgery: a passive experiment.","authors":"Auni C Williams, Virginia G Content, Raegan E Atha, Arpit Davé, Kristin Riley, Lacy M Alexander","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00297.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00297.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women with endometriosis are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and demonstrate endothelial dysfunction. The gold standard for diagnosis of endometriosis is through operative laparoscopy with surgical excision and histopathologic identification of endometrial-type glands and stroma. Symptoms of endometriosis are often immediately improved or resolved following excision surgery, but the cardiovascular impact of excision surgery is underappreciated. This passive experiment reports the longitudinal adaptations of the macrovascular and cutaneous microvascular endothelium in a single patient following surgical excision of endometriosis. The patient participated in multiple vascular research studies targeting nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation over the course of the succeeding 13 months post-surgery. We show no nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation in the microvascular endothelium (-34 AU) and no flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial conduit artery (-0.06%) one-month post-surgery with a recovery seeming to occur ~8 months post-surgery (178 AU, 3.69% FMD) that does not remain ~13 months post-surgery (3 AU, 0.43%). These values occur in tandem with reported exercise prior to testing (1746 to 3759 to 1954 MET-min/wk, respectively). The results of these studies, placebo and baseline visits, are presented here. These findings suggest that microvascular endothelial function in an otherwise healthy young woman with endometriosis is not necessarily recovered following excision surgery, but may be dramatically improved with resistance exercise. Our data may lend insight into the progression of vascular dysfunction in this disease and the role of surgical vs. lifestyle intervention in this realm.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced bronchodilation is not different in healthy males and females.","authors":"Benjamin P Thompson, Connor J Doherty, Paolo B Dominelli","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00829.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00829.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise-induced bronchodilation (EIBD) is the dilation of the airways that occurs during whole-body dynamic exercise. Females have greater β2-adrenergic receptor activity in the peripheral vasculature which accentuates vasodilation, but it is unknown if this translates to the airways. EIBD can be quantified by performing maximal expiratory maneuvers before and immediately after exercise; however, the assessment is impacted by thoracic gas compression. Accordingly, we sought to determine if there are sex differences in the extent of EIBD. Twenty-two healthy adults (n=11 female) performed multiple forced expiratory maneuvers in a custom-designed volume-displacement body plethysmograph, before and after incremental cycle exercise to volitional exhaustion. The customized body plethysmograph allows for simultaneous assessment of compressed and compression-free flow-volume loops. During exercise, inspired air was warmed (24±0.7°C) and humidified (94±6%) and post-exercise pulmonary function was completed <10 minutes after exercise cessation. Males had a greater maximal oxygen uptake than females (51±7 vs. 42±6 ml kg^-1min^-1, p <0.01). Using compressed flow-volume loops, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec was increased following exercise in males (5.03±0.58 vs. 4.80±0.63 L, <i>p</i><0.01) and females (3.96±0.32 vs. 3.81±0.31 L, <i>p</i><0.01), but the relative change from baseline was not different between the sexes (<i>p</i>=0.39). Likewise, the relative change in mid expiratory flows was not different between sexes (<i>p</i>=0.77). Using compression-free flow-volume loops, bronchodilation was evident using mid flows in both sexes. In conclusion, the extent of EIBD is not different between the sexes, but the use of compression free flow-volume curves only shows EIBD for mid flows in both sexes similarly.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}