Journal of applied physiology最新文献

{"title":"Oral contraceptive pill phase does not influence muscle protein synthesis or myofibrillar proteolysis at rest or in response to resistance exercise.","authors":"Lauren M Colenso-Semple, James McKendry, Changhyun Lim, Philip J Atherton, Daniel J Wilkinson, K Smith, Stuart M Phillips","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00035.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00035.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is speculation that oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use affects skeletal muscle biology and protein turnover in response to resistance exercise; however, research in this area is scarce. We aimed to assess, using stable isotope tracers and skeletal muscle biopsies, how second-generation OCP phase affected muscle protein synthesis and whole-body proteolysis. Participants (n=12) completed two 6-day study phases in a randomized order: an active pill phase (Active; week two of a monthly active OCP cycle) and an inactive pill phase (Inactive; final week of a monthly OCP cycle). Participants performed unilateral resistance exercise in each study phase, exercising the contralateral leg in the opposite phase in a randomized, counterbalanced order. The Active phase myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates were 1.44 ± 0.14 %•d^-1 in the control leg and 1.64 ± 0.15 %•d^-1 in the exercise leg (p < 0.001). The Inactive phase MPS rates were 1.49 ± 0.12 %•d-1 %/d in the control leg and 1.71 ± 0.16 %•d^-1 in the exercise leg (p < 0.001), with no interaction between phases (p = 0.63). There was no significant effect of OCP phase on whole-body myofibrillar proteolytic rate (active phase <i>k</i> = 0.018 ± 0.01; inactive phase <i>k</i> = 0.018 ± 0.006; p = 0.55). Skeletal muscle remains equally as responsive, in terms of stimulation of MPS, during Active and Inactive OCP phases; hence, our data does not support a pro-anabolic or catabolic, based on myofibrillar proteolysis, effect of OCP phase on skeletal muscle in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the physiological and perceptual responses to face masks during exercise.","authors":"O N Ferguson, M R Flynn, R A Mitchell, A S Hind, J I Arnold, S S Dhillon, P B Dominelli, Y Molgat-Seon, Jordan A Guenette","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00679.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00679.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite consistent evidence that face masks (FMs) increase dyspnea during exercise, few studies have examined the sex differences in the physiological and perceptual responses to FMs. In a randomized, cross-over design, 32 healthy individuals (16 female;23±3yr) completed incremental cycling tests on two visits with either no mask or a surgical FM. Dyspnea intensity and unpleasantness were assessed using the 0-10 category-ratio Borg scale. Diaphragmatic electromyography, esophageal pressure (P_eso), and transdiaphragmatic pressure (P_di) were measured using a nasogastric catheter to estimate neural inspiratory drive and respiratory muscle effort. Surface EMG was measured on the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles. FMs resulted in a steeper increase in dyspnea unpleasantness in males compared to females across the 0-100% work rate (estimate=1.47CR10, <i>P</i>=0.005), with no significant difference in the effect of the FM on dyspnea intensity between sexes (<i>P</i>>0.05). Males had a greater increase in P_eso and P_di with FMs compared to females across work rate (3.77cmH₂O,<i>P</i>=0.009;4.74cmH₂O,<i>P</i>=0.011, respectively) and a greater increase in sternocleidomastoid activation from 40-60% WR (all <i>P<</i>0.05). Additionally, moisture accumulation pre- vs. post-exercise (<i>P</i>=0.01) was significantly greater in males compared to females. FMs resulted in a similar absolute reduction in exercise time in both sexes although it was only statistically significant in females (<i>P</i>=0.006). This study highlights that males likely experience greater dyspnea unpleasantness with FMs due to higher flows and ventilations, which increase mask resistance and, combined with greater moisture accumulation, elevate respiratory muscle effort and accessory muscle activation. Nonetheless, the absolute impact on exercise duration appears similar between sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short bouts of hypoxia improve insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Jiahui Zhao, Sahar D Massoudian, Sten Stray-Gundersen, Frank Wojan, Sophie Lalande","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00932.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00932.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia stimulates glucose uptake independently from the action of insulin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intermittent hypoxia, consisting of alternating short bouts of breathing hypoxic and room air, on glucose concentration, insulin concentration, and insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test in adults with type 2 diabetes and adults with normal glycemic control. Nine adults with type 2 diabetes (two women, HbA1c: 7.3±1.5%, age: 52±13 years) and nine adults with normal glycemic control (four women, HbA1c: 5.4±0.1%, age: 24±4 years) performed a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test on two separate visits to the laboratory. Following ingestion of the glucose drink, participants were exposed to either an intermittent hypoxia protocol, consisting of eight 4-min hypoxic cycles at a targeted oxygen saturation of 80% interspersed with breathing room air to resaturation, or a sham protocol consisting of eight 4-min normoxic cycles interspersed with breathing room air. Intermittent hypoxia did not attenuate the increase in glucose concentration but attenuated the increase in insulin concentration in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in comparison with the sham protocol in adults with type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was greater during intermittent hypoxia in comparison with the sham protocol in adults with type 2 diabetes (0.043±0.036 vs. 0.032±0.046 μmol/kg/min/pmol, p=0.01), but did not change in the control group (0.122±0.015 vs. 0.128±0.008 μmol/kg/min/pmol, p=0.12). In conclusion, intermittent hypoxia improved insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competing influences of arterial pressure and carbon dioxide on the dynamic cerebrovascular response to step transitions in exercise intensity.","authors":"Eric T Hedge, Richard L Hughson","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00643.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00643.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent investigations of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) kinetics at the onset of exercise have not accounted for potential dynamic changes in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P_aCO₂) during the transient phase of exercise transitions when modeling MCAv kinetics, despite P_aCO₂ having known effects on cerebrovascular tone. The purpose of our study was to determine the independent effects of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and estimated P_aCO₂ (eP_aCO₂) on mean MCAv during repeated moderate-intensity exercise transitions. We hypothesized that cerebral autoregulation would minimize the effect of sustained exercise-induced changes in MAP on mean MCAv, and that dynamic changes in eP_aCO₂ would contribute to changes in mean MCAv. Eighteen young healthy adults (7 women, age: 28±5 yr) performed three exercise transitions from 25 W to 90% of the ventilatory threshold in sequence with 5 min stages. Mean MCAv increased (<i>p</i><0.001) from 25 W (60.5±14.0 cmꞏs^-1) to 90% of ventilatory threshold (68.8±15.1 cmꞏs^-1). MAP_MCA (Δ = 14±8 mmHg, <i>p</i><0.001) and eP_aCO₂ (Δ = 2.7±1.8 mmHg, <i>p</i><0.001) also increased with exercise intensity. Autoregressive moving average analysis isolated the independent effects of dynamic changes in MAP_MCA and eP_aCO₂ on MCAv, with low prediction error (mean absolute error = 1.12±0.25 cmꞏs^-1). Calculated steady-states of the ARMA step responses were 0.13±0.15 cmꞏs^-1ꞏmmHg^-1 for Δmean MCAv/ΔMAP_MCA and 1.95±0.83 cmꞏs^-1ꞏmmHg^-1 for Δmean MCAv/ΔeP_aCO₂. These data demonstrate that the combination of dynamic changes MAP and eP_aCO₂ largely explain the MCAv response during transitions in exercise intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 12 weeks of interval training on skeletal muscle blood flow during single-leg knee extensor exercise in COPD: a non-randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jacob P Hartmann, Stine Buus Nymand, Helene Louise Hartmeyer, Camilla Koch Ryrsø, Amalie B Andersen, Milan Mohammad, Iben Elmerdahl Rasmussen, Rie Skovly Thomsen, Cody Garett Durrer, Ronan M G Berg, Ulrik Winning Iepsen","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown to improve exercise capacity, symptom burden, and quality of life in COPD patients, but it remains to be investigated if HIIT can counteract limb muscle dysfunction. Therefore, we examined the impact of a 12-week supervised HIIT protocol on muscle oxygen conductance. Eight patients with mild to moderate COPD and eight age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls underwent a 12-week HIIT intervention. Leg blood flow (Q̇_leg) and arterio-venous blood samples were collected at rest and during active single-leg knee extensions (KEE) at unloaded (0 watts) and 20% of peak workload (W_Lpeak) to estimate leg muscle oxygen conductance pre- and post-HIIT. Pre-HIIT, Q̇_leg was similar between groups during unloaded KEE (p=0.108) but lower at 20% W_Lpeak in the COPD group, compared to control group. Q̇_leg responses were higher during unloaded KEE (28%, p=0.012) and 20% W_Lpeak (40%, p<0.001) post-HIIT in the COPD group, whereas no change occurred in the control group. Flow adjusted skeletal muscle O2 conductance was higher in the COPD pre-HIIT but only increased in the control group. Thus, there was no difference in diffusive or convective capacity between groups post- HIIT at submaximal KEE. COPD assessment score decreased by 2.8[1;4] (p=0.003) in the COPD group and V̇O_2peak increased in both groups (COPD 192 mL O2/min, p=0.032, control 257 mL O2/min, p=0.004) with no time/group interaction. A 12-week HIIT intervention may improve peripheral exercise capacity in COPD by increasing the vasodilatory function in working muscle, while concurrently improving whole-body exercise capacity and symptom burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of balance performance depends on the specificity of balance training.","authors":"A Rizzato, S Faggian, A Paoli, G Marcolin","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00695.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00695.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether a four-week training on an easy-level unstable board (EL) could induce a transfer of balance performance in a hard-level unstable board (HL) and in an unexpected perturbation-based task. Non-linear center of pressure (CoP) analysis investigated whether training could induce postural control adaptations in trained and untrained tasks. Thirty-four subjects were divided into a training (TR, N=17) and a control (CTRL, N=17) group. Balance was assessed before (T₀) and after (T₁) a balance training under static and dynamic conditions (EL, HL, and perturbation-based task). A force platform allowed the calculation of CoP displacement while balance performance based on the angular displacement of the unstable boards was assessed with an inertial sensor. From the angular displacement, we calculated three parameters of balance performance: Full Balance (FB), Fine Balance (FiB), and Gross Balance (GB). Stabilogram diffusion analysis (SDA) and sample entropy (SampEn) indirectly assessed neuromuscular control mechanisms. Results showed improvements in the TR from T₀ to T₁ in balance performance for FB (p<0.001), FiB (p<0.05), and GB (p<0.01) on EL and HL boards. In the perturbation-based task, the earliest CoP response consequent to perturbation improved after training (p<0.01). SampEn and SDA revealed increased automaticity (p<0.05) and efficiency (p<0.05) of balance control in the EL and HL tasks after training. Balance training led to highly task-specific adaptations and improvements that can be transferred between functionally similar balance tasks. Postural strategies learned during training seemed barely transferable to a different balance task, as the unexpected perturbation of the base of support.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation favorably modifies healthy human pharyngo-esophageal function - a randomized trial using High Resolution Manometry Impedance.","authors":"Marthe Everaert, Shaheen Hamdy, Ann Goeleven, Jan Tack, Tim Vanuytsel, Nathalie Rommel","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00516.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00516.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite positive clinical evidence for the effects of Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (PES) on swallowing performance in disease, it remains unknown which specific swallow characteristics improve. Using High Resolution Manometry Impedance (HRMI) with Pressure Flow Analysis (PFA), we aimed to assess the effects of PES on normal swallow function and to evaluate the impact of pharyngeal length variability on electrode placement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of a prospective RCT, 20 asymptomatic volunteers were randomly assigned to three days of PES or SHAM treatment. HRMI assessments were conducted at baseline (during which pharyngeal length measurements were acquired) and repeated at 1-2 hours, and at 24-72 hours following PES or SHAM treatment.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Twenty healthy adults (10 male, median age: 28.0 (IQR 23.8-45.0) years, age range: 20-65 years) participated in this RCT. We developed an objective, standardized method of catheter placement based on pharyngeal length measurements. Over 3 days, the median stimulation intensity of PES was 11 mA. When compared to the SHAM group, the PES group scored better on multiple pharyngeal and esophageal metrics resulting in improved global swallow function values 1-2 hours after treatment (p=0.029). One day later, most of these beneficial effects were no longer present.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that PES can temporarily alter swallow function in healthy individuals. Functional reserve in healthy individuals may be further enhanced by PES. In the majority of volunteers, electrode position needed to be adjusted 1-3 cm to account for variations in pharyngeal length.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altitude-induced central sleep apnea does not affect mean sleep oxygen saturation in young healthy males.","authors":"G Heiniger, F Raemy, G Solelhac, T Imler, A Waeber, K Lambercy, B Bradley, G Lecciso, F Degache, Raphael C Heinzer","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00665.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00665.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At high-altitude, periodic breathing (PB) can occur during sleep in healthy individuals. PB is characterized by a cyclical ventilatory pattern that alternates between central sleep apnea and brief episodes of hyperventilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodic breathing on sleep S_pO₂. 36 healthy males subjects (median-age:26[24-28]years old, median BMI:22.7[21.1-23.8]Kg/m²) underwent a polysomnography at a simulated altitude of 3,500 meters(FiO₂:13%). Correlations were sought between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index(AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index(ODI), percentage of total sleep time spent in PB, and mean S_pO₂ throughout the entire sleep period by calculating the Spearman's rank correlation test. We identified 20 participants who had experienced at least 3 minutes of PB adjacent to at least 3 minutes of regular breathing(RB). We compared the mean S_pO₂ between the two respiratory patterns using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. At simulated-altitude, the subjects spent a median-IQR of 43.9[12.5-79.1]% of sleep in PB and the median-AHI was 77.3[31.4-127.5]/h. Median awake and asleep S_pO₂ were 75.4[24-28]% and 68.5[66.4-72.5]% respectively. We found no within subject difference in S_pO₂ between RB and PB periods (median-IQR RB vs PB: 67.2%{63.8-74.8%} vs 67.5%{64.5-73.9%},p=0.43). No significant correlation was found between the mean sleep S_pO₂ and AHI(n=36,rs=-0.19,p=0.26), ODI(n=36,rs=-0.23,p=0.18) or PB(n=36,rs=-0.07,p=0.67). Awake S_pO₂ was correlated with mean S_pO₂ during sleep(n=36,rs=0.55;p=0.001). PB per se does not have a detrimental effect on mean S_pO₂ in young healthy males. Correlation between awake and sleep S_pO₂, suggests that sleep S_pO₂ at high-altitude is primarily determined by baseline oxygen saturation rather than the respiratory pattern developed during sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Aortic Stiffness and Autonomic Function in Early Pregnancy.","authors":"Virginia R Nuckols, Kristen G Davis, Gary L Pierce, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Kara M Whitaker","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00889.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00889.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid cardiovascular and autonomic adaptations occur during early pregnancy to accommodate augmented cardiac output and placental circulation, with inadequate adaptation associated with hypertensive pregnancy complications. Habitual physical activity (PA) and limiting time in sedentary behaviors (SED) may improve pregnancy-related vascular and autonomic function. The objective of this study was to examine the magnitude of the predicted associations between device-measured PA and SED with cardiovascular and autonomic biomarkers including aortic stiffness, blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women (N=92, 21-44 years of age) free from cardiovascular disease were assessed between 10⁰-12⁶ weeks gestation. Participants wore a thigh-mounted activPAL device for seven days to assess PA (light intensity and moderate-to-vigorous intensity) and SED. Aortic stiffness was measured by non-invasive applanation tonometry and expressed as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Beat-to-beat blood pressure and R-R interval were synchronously recorded for 10 minutes via finger plethysmography and ECG to derive beat-to-beat BPV and spontaneous cardiovagal BRS (sequence method). In the entire group, neither PA or SED were related to cfPWV, BPV or BRS and this finding was similar in nulliparous and parous pregnant women. In stratified analyses, the association between moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA and cfPWV differed by gestational age, such that this inverse association was only present in the 12^th week of gestation (β = -0.365, P=0.015). The present study indicates that PA and SED are not associated with aortic stiffness or autonomic function in the first trimester.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal Birth Control Is Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota Beta-Diversity in Physically Active Females Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Trial.","authors":"Julian Brito, Gregory J Grosicki, Austin T Robinson, Jared W Coburn, Pablo B Costa, Kristen E Holmes, Gabrielle Lyon, Zoe Hakonsson, Federica Conti, Andrew J Galpin","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding changes to gut microbiota composition in response to hormonal birth control (HBC) may provide insight into the microbial mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of HBC, for example, altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Athletes' unique physiological demands may interact with these microbial mechanisms in distinct ways; however, there is limited research on HBC and gut microbiota diversity and composition across different menstrual cycle phases in physically active females. A pilot cohort of physically active females using HBC (oral contraceptives, hormone-based intrauterine devices, or arm implants) and a control group not using HBC (n=12 per group; 22±2yrs, 24±4kg/m² vs. 22±4yrs, 23±4kg/m²; <i>P</i>s≥0.496) provided fecal samples alongside self-reported menstrual phase and circulating sex hormones. Alpha diversity (microbial richness and evenness) was assessed using Shannon Index while beta-diversity (microbial composition differences) was analyzed using PERMANOVA based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Circulating estrogen and luteinizing hormone increased from early (days 1-5) to mid-cycle (days 12-17) in both groups (time effect <i>P</i>s≤0.01), with greater changes in Control (<i>P</i>s≤0.046) than HBC (<i>P</i>s≥0.231). While no menstrual phase effect was observed on either diversity measure (<i>P</i>s≥0.473), beta-diversity differed between Control and HBC groups (<i>P</i>=0.015), reflecting distinct gut microbiota profiles irrespective of menstrual phase. Seven taxa linked to SCFA production were less abundant in the HBC group (unadjusted <i>P</i>s≤0.046), though significance was lost after adjusting for multiple comparisons. These findings suggest that in physically active females, hormonal contraception influences gut microbial composition, which may have downstream effects on metabolism and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}